Accounting and Reporting for the Federal Government

Master Federal Government Accounting and Reporting

The Accounting and Reporting for the Federal Government Practice Exam is designed to provide essential preparation for learners, exam takers, and professionals navigating the complexities of U.S. federal financial management. Federal accounting follows distinct principles and standards set by agencies like the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB), making it crucial for practitioners to grasp the unique framework and reporting requirements.

This practice exam from Exam Sage is an invaluable tool to build your confidence, sharpen your skills, and ensure you’re ready for real-world application or certification testing.

What You’ll Learn from This Practice Exam

This well-structured exam focuses on key areas of federal accounting, blending theoretical foundations with real-world examples to reinforce your understanding.

Core Topics Covered:

• Federal Budget Process and Authority
  Learn the structure of the federal budget, including budgetary resources, apportionments, and allotments.

• The U.S. Standard General Ledger (USSGL)
  Understand the role of USSGL in standardizing financial transactions across agencies.

• Fund Accounting and Appropriations Law
  Dive into accounting for different types of appropriations, continuing resolutions, and the Anti-Deficiency Act.

• FASAB Standards and Financial Statements
  Master the Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR), Statement of Net Cost (SNC), and Statement of Changes in Net Position (SCNP).

• Accounting for Assets, Liabilities, and Deferred Maintenance
  Handle transactions involving federal property, environmental liabilities, and stewardship reporting.

• Intragovernmental Transactions and Reconciliation
  Understand eliminations, reciprocal categories, and proper reporting for interagency activity.

Who Should Take This Practice Exam?

This practice test is ideal for individuals pursuing careers in government finance or preparing for public sector certification exams.

Best For:

• Students in public accounting or government finance courses

• Candidates preparing for the CGFM, CPA (governmental focus), or other federal certifications

• Federal accountants and auditors seeking continued education or review

• Professionals in government consulting or public administration

• Anyone seeking to understand federal financial reporting standards

Why Choose This Federal Government Practice Exam?

This product from Exam Sage offers:

• Authentic, exam-style multiple-choice questions

• Thorough answer explanations for deeper understanding

• Updated content based on current FASAB and OMB guidance

• A strong foundation for real-world or exam-based federal reporting challenges

Take the Lead in Federal Financial Reporting

If you’re looking to expand your expertise in federal government accounting or aiming to ace a relevant exam, this practice test offers the depth and clarity you need to succeed.

• What is the primary purpose of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) To establish new tax regulations for federal agencies
• B) To improve the financial management and accountability of federal agencies
• C) To provide guidelines for federal budget allocations
• D) To monitor federal employee performance

• Which of the following is an example of an expense that should be recorded as a liability in federal government accounting?

• A) Salaries for federal employees
• B) A pending payment for contracted services not yet received
• C) The cost of office supplies purchased in the current year
• D) Depreciation of government-owned assets

• What does the acronym ‘SGL’ stand for in federal government accounting?

• A) Standard General Ledger
• B) Standard Government Ledger
• C) Single General Ledger
• D) Standard General Liability

• Under the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB), which basis of accounting is used for federal budgetary reporting?

• A) Accrual basis
• B) Modified accrual basis
• C) Cash basis
• D) Budgetary basis

• What is the purpose of the Federal Financial Statement Audit?

• A) To review agency budgets for compliance with fiscal laws
• B) To evaluate and report the financial position and operations of federal agencies
• C) To ensure employees follow expense reporting procedures
• D) To audit federal grants distributed to private organizations
• Answer: B) To evaluate and report the financial position and operations of federal agencies

• Which financial statement provides a snapshot of the federal government’s assets, liabilities, and net position?

• A) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• B) Balance Sheet
• C) Statement of Net Cost
• D) Statement of Changes in Net Position

• What is the main purpose of the Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR)?

• A) To detail cash inflows and outflows
• B) To report the financial status of an agency at year-end
• C) To provide information on how budgetary resources are used and managed
• D) To disclose a detailed summary of all assets and liabilities

• Which of the following statements about federal grants is true?

• A) Federal grants are treated as revenue when awarded.
• B) Federal grants should be recognized when earned, not when awarded.
• C) Federal grants are reported on the Statement of Net Cost.
• D) Federal grants are only recorded when cash is received.

• Under FASAB standards, which of the following would be considered a direct expense?

• A) Depreciation on buildings
• B) Salaries of employees directly working on a specific project
• C) Interest on government bonds
• D) Rent for office space used by administrative staff

• What does the term “budgetary accounting” refer to in the federal government context?

• A) The process of recording expenses for tax purposes
• B) The tracking of budgetary resources to determine compliance with budgetary laws and regulations
• C) The recording of assets and liabilities
• D) The preparation of financial statements for external audit

• What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in federal financial management?

• A) To manage federal agency payroll and salaries
• B) To oversee the preparation of the President’s budget and monitor its execution
• C) To audit financial statements of all federal agencies
• D) To compile a comprehensive financial report for Congress

• Which of the following is not considered a type of asset in federal government accounting?

• A) Cash
• B) Accounts Payable
• C) Equipment
• D) Investments in other federal agencies

• In federal financial reporting, what is the significance of the Statement of Changes in Net Position?

• A) It shows budgetary resources received by the government.
• B) It provides a summary of revenue collected and expenses incurred.
• C) It reports changes in the net position of federal entities over a period.
• D) It displays the cash flow of all federal agencies.

• Which of the following would be recorded as a contingent liability in federal accounting?

• A) Rent payable for government facilities
• B) Potential payments from lawsuits pending court decisions
• C) Salaries payable to federal employees
• D) Interest accrued on bonds payable

• Which statement accurately describes the difference between accrual accounting and budgetary accounting in the federal government?

• A) Accrual accounting focuses on cash flows, while budgetary accounting records obligations and outlays.
• B) Accrual accounting records expenses when incurred, while budgetary accounting focuses on when funds are obligated and spent.
• C) Accrual accounting is only used by the private sector, while budgetary accounting is used by the public sector.
• D) Accrual accounting records only actual revenue, while budgetary accounting records all anticipated revenue.

• What is the main difference between the Statement of Net Cost and the Statement of Budgetary Resources?

• A) The Statement of Net Cost reports on budgetary resources, while the Statement of Budgetary Resources reports on financial position.
• B) The Statement of Net Cost measures the costs of government operations, while the Statement of Budgetary Resources shows the use of budgetary resources.
• C) The Statement of Net Cost is used for tax reporting, while the Statement of Budgetary Resources is used for external audit.
• D) The Statement of Net Cost reports the cash balance, while the Statement of Budgetary Resources reports revenue collections.

• Which document outlines the accounting standards for federal entities?

• A) Government Accountability Office (GAO) Handbook
• B) Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) Statements
• C) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circulars
• D) U.S. Code Title 31

• What is the purpose of the Statement of Custodial Activity?

• A) To record the amount of taxes owed by the federal government
• B) To report receipts and disbursements of federal funds collected on behalf of others
• C) To report the cash flow for custodial services provided by the government
• D) To disclose government investments in private corporations

• Which of the following best describes a “fund balance with Treasury”?

• A) Cash held by federal agencies that is not part of the budget
• B) The total revenue collected by the government in a fiscal year
• C) The unspent budget authority available to an agency
• D) The balance of funds held by the U.S. Treasury for use by federal agencies

• What is the definition of “obligations” in the context of federal budgetary accounting?

• A) Cash payments made by federal agencies
• B) Commitments made by federal agencies to spend funds for specific purposes
• C) Revenue collected from federal taxes
• D) Funds set aside for future expenditures

• Which of the following is considered an “imputed cost” in federal financial reporting?

• A) The salary paid to a federal employee
• B) The depreciation of government-owned assets
• C) Pension benefits provided to retired government employees
• D) The cost of materials for a government project

• In federal government accounting, what does “unobligated balance” refer to?

• A) The amount of funds spent by an agency that has not yet been reimbursed
• B) Funds that remain after all budget obligations have been fulfilled
• C) The balance of funds available for future obligations
• D) The difference between budgetary authority and actual spending

• What type of accounting basis does the U.S. federal government use for external financial reporting?

• A) Modified accrual basis
• B) Accrual basis
• C) Cash basis
• D) Budgetary basis

• Which of the following would be classified as a direct cost in federal financial reporting?

• A) Rent for government office space
• B) Salaries of employees working on specific research projects
• C) Administrative expenses for the entire agency
• D) Interest on government bonds

• What is the purpose of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) To implement new tax regulations for the government
• B) To ensure financial management systems comply with federal standards
• C) To set up new financial management systems in private corporations
• D) To reduce the budget deficit through stricter expense controls

• Which statement correctly describes “net cost” in federal financial reporting?

• A) The total revenue collected by the federal government during a fiscal year
• B) The difference between gross revenue and total liabilities
• C) The difference between program costs and any related revenues
• D) The cash balance at the end of the fiscal year

• What type of reporting is required under the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)?

• A) Annual revenue and expenditure reports to Congress
• B) An internal control report to ensure program efficiency and effectiveness
• C) Quarterly financial statements for the Office of Management and Budget
• D) A report detailing all financial transactions within an agency

• Which document is used by federal agencies to outline and track their budgetary obligations and outlays?

• A) Statement of Financial Position
• B) Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR)
• C) Statement of Net Cost
• D) Statement of Custodial Activity

• What is the primary purpose of the Statement of Financing in federal financial reports?

• A) To show the total revenues collected by federal agencies
• B) To reconcile the difference between budgetary and financial accounting results
• C) To report on budgetary resources obligated by agencies
• D) To provide a breakdown of administrative costs for each department

• Which of the following is an example of a “contingent asset” in federal accounting?

• A) An unpaid government grant due to be received in the next fiscal year
• B) Cash held in trust by the federal government
• C) A lawsuit settlement expected but not guaranteed to be won
• D) Buildings owned by federal agencies

• Which of the following is true about “unearned revenue” in federal financial statements?

• A) It is recorded when the service has been performed.
• B) It represents funds collected before the related service is provided.
• C) It is only recorded for grants that have been fully paid.
• D) It reflects expenditures made without a proper obligation.

• What does the “federal budget authority” refer to?

• A) The total amount of taxes collected during a fiscal year
• B) The legal authority provided to federal agencies to obligate funds
• C) The actual cash available in the Treasury for spending
• D) The total debt incurred by the federal government

• Under federal accounting principles, when should “obligations” be recognized?

• A) Only when cash is disbursed for the expense
• B) When a contract or agreement is signed to acquire goods or services
• C) When the budget authority is approved by Congress
• D) When an invoice is received by the federal agency

• What type of financial statement provides information on the costs incurred by federal programs and the revenue generated from them?

• A) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• B) Statement of Financial Position
• C) Statement of Net Cost
• D) Statement of Cash Flows

• Which of the following is true about “imputed costs” in federal financial reporting?

• A) They include expenses paid out of agency budgets.
• B) They are costs that represent government services provided at no charge to an agency.
• C) They reflect expenses that do not require cash outlay.
• D) They are only recorded when cash transactions occur.

• What does the “Treasury General Fund” represent?

• A) A fund set aside for special projects approved by Congress
• B) A collection of all funds that the Treasury uses for daily government expenses
• C) A reserve fund held for financial audits
• D) A fund only used for long-term investments by federal agencies

• Which type of federal financial statement is designed to report the financial position and changes in net position for government-wide activities?

• A) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• B) Statement of Net Cost
• C) Balance Sheet
• D) Statement of Changes in Net Position

• What is the purpose of “audit trails” in federal financial management?

• A) To track and prevent unauthorized access to financial data
• B) To verify that financial transactions have been properly recorded and supported
• C) To create a record of the budget planning process
• D) To calculate interest and dividends on federal bonds

• Which of the following is a requirement under the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) All federal agencies must conduct a yearly audit by a third-party firm.
• B) Federal agencies must implement financial systems that comply with applicable federal standards.
• C) Federal agencies must submit quarterly budget reports to Congress.
• D) Federal agencies must create annual financial reports in Excel format.

• What is “obligated balance” in federal budget terminology?

• A) The total cash balance that remains unspent at the end of the fiscal year
• B) The amount of funds that have been legally committed for future payment
• C) The difference between budget authority and actual spending
• D) The funds that have already been paid to contractors

• What is the primary function of the Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR)?

• A) To report the federal government’s cash flows
• B) To summarize revenue and expenditure accounts for government programs
• C) To show how budgetary resources are allocated and used by federal agencies
• D) To disclose the financial position of government entities at year-end

• Which type of government financial reporting focuses on the stewardship of public funds?

• A) Budgetary financial reporting
• B) External financial reporting
• C) Internal financial reporting
• D) Compliance reporting

• What does “program costs” refer to in federal financial reporting?

• A) The total budget allocated to a federal agency
• B) Expenses incurred to support a federal program’s operations and objectives
• C) The cost of collecting and processing tax revenue
• D) Costs associated with the sale of government assets

• What is the term used for funds that have been appropriated but not yet spent or obligated?

• A) Unobligated balance
• B) Fund balance with Treasury
• C) Undistributed revenue
• D) Unfunded liability

• Which of the following is true regarding “funds from dedicated collections”?

• A) They are used only for administrative costs.
• B) They must be used for specific purposes defined by law.
• C) They represent general revenue collected by the Treasury.
• D) They can be used for any budgetary purpose at the discretion of the President.

• What is “budgetary accounting” primarily concerned with in federal financial management?

• A) Recording actual revenue received and expenses incurred
• B) Tracking the obligation and outlay of budgetary resources
• C) Preparing financial statements for external stakeholders
• D) Analyzing investment returns from government assets

• Which of the following would be reported as “earned revenue” in federal financial accounting?

• A) Grants received from other government agencies
• B) Fees charged for services provided by a federal agency
• C) Donations from private organizations
• D) Interest on government bonds

• Under federal accounting, what does “unexpended appropriation” refer to?

• A) Funds that have been allocated but not yet obligated or spent
• B) Government revenue that is yet to be recognized
• C) The amount spent on grants that were not used during the fiscal year
• D) Revenue that exceeds planned expenditures

• Which of the following is true about “current assets” in federal financial statements?

• A) They are assets that are expected to be converted to cash or used up within one year.
• B) They include long-term investments and equipment.
• C) They are only recognized when cash is collected.
• D) They reflect the value of federal bonds held by the Treasury.

• What is the primary objective of federal financial management systems according to the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) To streamline the budget process to cut costs
• B) To establish a framework for enhancing the reliability of financial information and compliance with laws
• C) To prepare monthly reports for Congress
• D) To ensure agencies only spend budgeted amounts without exceeding limits

• What does the term “deficit” refer to in federal financial reporting?

• A) The difference between budget authority and obligations incurred
• B) The amount by which government spending exceeds revenue in a fiscal year
• C) The total debt held by the U.S. Treasury
• D) The amount of revenue collected from taxes and fees

• Which of the following financial statements provides an overview of the revenues and expenses of a federal agency?

• A) Statement of Net Cost
• B) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• C) Balance Sheet
• D) Statement of Cash Flows

• What is the main purpose of the Statement of Changes in Net Position?

• A) To display the budgetary resources available to an agency
• B) To show how the net position of an entity changes during the reporting period
• C) To report the cash flow from operating activities
• D) To detail all financial transactions of the federal government

• In federal financial management, what is a “budgetary authority”?

• A) The amount of revenue that an agency can collect
• B) The power given to an agency to use budgetary resources for specific programs
• C) The total assets an agency holds
• D) The authority to manage federal employees

• What is the “accounting entity” in federal government accounting?

• A) A group of private-sector organizations that partner with the government
• B) A unit within a federal agency responsible for financial reporting
• C) A federal agency or department that prepares its own financial statements
• D) A government-wide body that oversees budgetary allocations

• Which of the following best describes “obligations incurred” in federal financial accounting?

• A) Payments that have been made and recorded in the financial statements
• B) Amounts that an agency has committed to spend for goods or services
• C) Revenue collected from taxes and fees
• D) Expenditures that exceed the budgeted amount for a given period

• In federal financial reporting, which of the following is an example of “non-exchange revenue”?

• A) Fees for government services
• B) Taxes collected from the public
• C) Interest earned on government bonds
• D) Grants awarded to state governments

• Which of the following is true about “appropriations” in federal accounting?

• A) They represent a legally authorized limit on how much an agency can spend.
• B) They are funds transferred from one agency to another for joint projects.
• C) They are used exclusively for investments in government bonds.
• D) They are only used for research and development expenses.

• What does “unearned revenue” represent on federal financial statements?

• A) Funds collected by the government before the related goods or services are provided
• B) Revenue earned during the fiscal year
• C) The total amount of tax refunds to be issued
• D) Interest income from federal investments

• Which financial statement would be most useful for assessing an agency’s ability to meet its current financial obligations?

• A) Statement of Net Cost
• B) Balance Sheet
• C) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• D) Statement of Changes in Net Position

• What type of asset would “accounts receivable” be classified as in federal financial statements?

• A) Current asset
• B) Non-current asset
• C) Intangible asset
• D) Investment asset

• Which of the following best describes “imputed financing sources” in federal financial reporting?

• A) Revenues generated from the sale of federal assets
• B) Contributions by the federal government to support programs in other agencies
• C) Amounts recognized as revenue without a cash transaction occurring
• D) Interest earned on federal loans

• How is “net position” defined in federal financial accounting?

• A) The total revenue earned by a government agency during the year
• B) The difference between an entity’s total assets and total liabilities
• C) The sum of all budgetary obligations and outlays for the year
• D) The amount of unrestricted cash on hand at year-end

• What type of revenue is considered “exchange revenue” in federal accounting?

• A) Taxes collected from the public
• B) Donations received by a government agency
• C) Fees charged for government services rendered
• D) Grants from other federal agencies

• Which of the following statements is true about the “cash basis” of accounting?

• A) It records revenue and expenses when earned or incurred, regardless of cash movement.
• B) It recognizes revenue when it is collected and expenses when they are paid.
• C) It is only used in federal financial statements for investment tracking.
• D) It is used to prepare the Statement of Net Cost.

• Which document is used to ensure compliance with the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) Annual financial statements prepared by the General Accounting Office (GAO)
• B) Monthly budget reports submitted to Congress
• C) Internal control reports provided by federal agencies
• D) Statements of Budgetary Resources submitted to OMB

• What is the term for the cost of federal programs that includes direct and indirect expenses incurred by an agency?

• A) Program cost
• B) Gross expense
• C) Budgetary outlay
• D) Administrative cost

• Which of the following best describes “restricted assets” in federal financial accounting?

• A) Assets that can be used for any budgetary purpose
• B) Assets that are set aside for specific programs or uses by law or regulation
• C) Assets that are only available to cover future debt obligations
• D) Assets that have been donated and cannot be liquidated

• What does “program integrity” refer to in federal financial management?

• A) The accuracy and reliability of budget forecasts
• B) The prevention of fraud and misuse of government resources
• C) The consistent tracking of non-budgetary financial transactions
• D) The use of technology to streamline budget processes

• Which of the following is a characteristic of “fixed assets” in federal accounting?

• A) They are always short-term in nature and can be liquidated quickly.
• B) They represent long-term investments or property used for operations.
• C) They include only cash held by the federal government.
• D) They do not depreciate over time.

• In federal financial reporting, what does “capitalization” refer to?

• A) The process of reducing agency expenditures to match budget limits
• B) The recording of an asset’s cost on the balance sheet over its useful life
• C) The allocation of revenue to different government programs
• D) The transfer of assets from one agency to another

• What is an “unfunded liability” in federal accounting?

• A) A cost that has been paid but not yet recorded in the budget
• B) A liability for which funds have not been specifically set aside
• C) A legal obligation that requires payment immediately
• D) A loan taken by the government from private financial institutions

• Which of the following best describes “financial audit” in the context of federal government reporting?

• A) An evaluation performed by the GAO to determine compliance with financial laws
• B) An independent examination of financial statements to ensure accuracy and compliance
• C) A review process to assess how funds are allocated to different departments
• D) A quarterly review conducted by OMB to track budget spending

• Which of the following is an example of “non-exchange transactions” in federal accounting?

• A) Charges for park entrance fees
• B) Payments received for government contracts
• C) Social Security benefits paid to eligible citizens
• D) Revenue from federal land leases

• What does “compliance reporting” in federal financial management ensure?

• A) That agencies create their own financial reports without oversight
• B) That all financial reporting aligns with laws and regulations
• C) That revenues collected match planned budget forecasts
• D) That audit results are posted on agency websites

• Which of the following statements is true regarding the “Statement of Net Cost”?

• A) It shows the total amount of revenue collected by the federal government.
• B) It provides information about the cost of services provided and the revenue generated from those services.
• C) It summarizes the cash flow within a specific period.
• D) It details the budgetary resources available to an agency.

• What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in federal financial reporting?

• A) To prepare the financial statements for each federal agency.
• B) To oversee the financial management and budgetary policies across the federal government.
• C) To conduct financial audits for the GAO.
• D) To collect taxes on behalf of the federal government.

• What is “budgetary outlay” in federal financial management?

• A) The total revenue collected during the fiscal year.
• B) The amount of money allocated to an agency by Congress.
• C) The actual expenditure of funds to fulfill obligations.
• D) The total budget authority available to an agency.

• In federal financial accounting, what is an example of a “contingent liability”?

• A) The future payment of a lease obligation.
• B) A pending lawsuit where the outcome is uncertain.
• C) Regular payments for employee benefits.
• D) Immediate costs of operations incurred during the fiscal year.

• What is the main purpose of the “Statement of Budgetary Resources”?

• A) To present the cash flow for the fiscal year.
• B) To show the sources and status of budgetary resources within an agency.
• C) To detail the assets and liabilities of an agency.
• D) To summarize the net cost of services provided.

• Which of the following best describes the concept of “full accrual accounting” in the context of federal financial reporting?

• A) Revenue and expenses are recognized only when cash is received or paid.
• B) Revenue is recorded when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of when cash changes hands.
• C) Only financial transactions involving a federal agency’s direct cash flows are recorded.
• D) Only significant transactions that exceed a certain threshold are recorded.

• What is the main characteristic of “fund accounting” in federal financial management?

• A) It combines all revenue and expenses into a single account.
• B) It tracks funds by specific categories, each with its own set of regulations.
• C) It only applies to funds used for long-term investments.
• D) It is used to track cash flow within private-sector organizations.

• What does “offsetting receipts” refer to in the federal budget?

• A) The reduction in government spending due to revenue earned from a program.
• B) The interest earned from government investments.
• C) Payments made to government employees for overtime work.
• D) Money transferred to state governments for public programs.

• Which of the following is considered an “imputed cost” in federal financial reporting?

• A) Salaries paid to employees for direct services rendered.
• B) The cost of purchasing equipment.
• C) The value of services provided by another government entity at no charge.
• D) Revenue generated from user fees.

• What type of financial report would detail a federal agency’s liabilities and assets?

• A) Statement of Budgetary Resources
• B) Statement of Net Cost
• C) Balance Sheet
• D) Statement of Changes in Net Position

• Which of the following is a key feature of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)?

• A) It mandates that financial reporting be done only in cash-based terms.
• B) It requires agencies to establish a system of internal control and financial reporting standards.
• C) It eliminates the need for annual financial audits.
• D) It allows agencies to manage their own budget allocations without oversight.

• Which of the following is true regarding “fund balances with Treasury”?

• A) They represent the total revenue collected by the Treasury in a given fiscal year.
• B) They are funds held by federal agencies that can be spent without legislative approval.
• C) They reflect the available cash balance in the Treasury for government programs.
• D) They include all financial resources held in private bank accounts by federal agencies.

• Which of the following is considered “unaudited” financial information in federal agencies?

• A) Monthly budgetary reports submitted to OMB.
• B) Preliminary financial data that has not undergone an external audit.
• C) Final year-end financial statements certified by the GAO.
• D) Revenue and expense reports for public awareness.

• What is “net position” used for in the federal financial statements?

• A) To determine the total revenue generated by the government.
• B) To assess the difference between an agency’s assets and liabilities.
• C) To outline all financial transactions of the year.
• D) To track the cash balance held by the Treasury.

• Which of the following best describes “program income”?

• A) Income earned from government bonds.
• B) Revenue generated from services provided by an agency that supports its programs.
• C) Revenue from federal income taxes.
• D) Payments received from international organizations.

• What does the “Statement of Changes in Net Position” provide information about?

• A) Changes in the budgetary resources of an agency.
• B) The allocation of assets across different budget programs.
• C) How an agency’s net position has changed during the reporting period.
• D) Cash flows and expenditures for the fiscal year.

• Which type of federal expense is considered “discretionary spending”?

• A) Interest on national debt.
• B) Social Security benefits.
• C) Military and educational programs funded by the annual budget.
• D) Medicare expenditures.

• Which of the following financial statements is required by the Federal Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) for federal entities?

• A) Statement of Activities.
• B) Statement of Financial Position.
• C) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS).
• D) Statement of Net Cost.

• What is the role of the “General Fund” in the federal budget?

• A) To record all income received from private corporations.
• B) To manage restricted financial resources for specific programs.
• C) To hold the government’s general revenues that can be used for any purpose.
• D) To calculate the total budget deficit.

• In the context of federal financial management, what does “obligated balance” refer to?

• A) The amount of money collected in taxes that has not been spent.
• B) The total value of goods and services paid for in cash.
• C) The funds that have been committed but not yet paid out.
• D) The net cost of providing services to the public.

• Which of the following best describes “earned income” in the context of federal financial management?

• A) Revenue received from the sale of federal assets.
• B) Income generated from government programs, such as fees or charges for services.
• C) Interest income from government-held investments.
• D) Revenue from taxes collected on federal employees.

• What is meant by “unobligated balance” in the federal budget?

• A) The funds that have been committed but not yet used.
• B) The portion of budget authority that has not been spent or obligated.
• C) The portion of taxes that have not been collected.
• D) The amount by which revenue exceeds expenses for the fiscal year.

• Which of the following financial statements would show the government’s net cost of operations?

• A) Statement of Budgetary Resources.
• B) Statement of Net Cost.
• C) Balance Sheet.
• D) Statement of Cash Flows.

• What does “federal financial reporting” primarily focus on?

• A) Tracking expenses related to military operations only.
• B) Providing a detailed record of the revenues and expenditures of the federal government.
• C) Monitoring the stock market performance of federal investments.
• D) Calculating the total number of federal employees in a fiscal year.

• Which of the following best describes the concept of “full cost accounting” in federal financial management? –

1. A) Only considering the direct expenses of a program. –
2. B) Including both direct and indirect costs associated with a program. –
3. C) Calculating revenue generated exclusively from direct transactions. –
4. D) Determining the profit margin of federal agencies. –

Answer: B) Including both direct and indirect costs associated with a program. –

Explanation: Full cost accounting involves considering all costs, both direct and indirect, associated with a federal program or service. This approach provides a comprehensive view of the total expenses incurred.