Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse Educators Practice Test

Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse Educators Practice Test

 

1. Which of the following is a primary function of the kidneys in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?
   A) Filtration of blood to produce urine
   B) Secretion of insulin for glucose metabolism
   C) Regulation of blood pressure through hormone release
   D) Storage of red blood cells

 

2. Which of the following is the primary action of a beta-blocker in the treatment of hypertension?
   A) Vasodilation of blood vessels
   B) Decrease in heart rate and cardiac output
   C) Increase in sodium retention
   D) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

 

3. What is the most common adverse effect of opioid analgesics?
   A) Bradycardia
   B) Respiratory depression
   C) Diarrhea
   D) Insomnia

 

4. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of an anticoagulant. Which of the following statements would be appropriate?
   A) “You should avoid foods high in vitamin K.”
   B) “The medication should be taken with food to reduce stomach upset.”
   C) “You should avoid exercise to prevent bleeding.”
   D) “This medication is safe for use during pregnancy.”

 

5. Which of the following changes occurs during the compensatory stage of shock?
   A) Decreased cardiac output
   B) Decreased blood pressure
   C) Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
   D) Decreased respiratory rate

 

6. What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure?
   A) Decrease blood volume by promoting sodium excretion
   B) Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
   C) Increase heart rate to improve circulation
   D) Stimulate the release of aldosterone to increase blood pressure

 

7. In the context of pharmacology, which of the following is true about the first-pass effect?
   A) It refers to the portion of the drug absorbed by the liver before entering systemic circulation.
   B) It increases the bioavailability of the drug.
   C) It occurs when the drug is absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
   D) It is a phenomenon that only affects injectable drugs.

 

8. A patient is receiving chemotherapy and complains of nausea. Which class of drugs is most appropriate for the nurse to administer?
   A) Antihistamines
   B) Antiemetics
   C) Beta-blockers
   D) Diuretics

 

9. Which of the following lab results would indicate a potential adverse effect of a medication in a patient taking lithium for bipolar disorder?
   A) Elevated serum potassium
   B) Elevated serum sodium
   C) Elevated serum creatinine
   D) Decreased serum lithium levels

 

10. What is the effect of glucocorticoids on immune function?
    A) Suppress the immune response
    B) Stimulate the immune system
    C) No effect on immune function
    D) Increase white blood cell production

 

11. A nurse is administering a drug that inhibits the action of the angiotensin II receptor. This type of drug is called a:
    A) Beta-blocker
    B) ACE inhibitor
    C) Angiotensin receptor blocker
    D) Calcium channel blocker

 

12. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?
    A) Hypotension and bradycardia
    B) Elevated white blood cell count and fever
    C) Increased oxygen saturation and tachycardia
    D) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure

 

13. Which of the following is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications?
    A) Dizziness
    B) Weight loss
    C) Parkinsonism
    D) Increased energy levels

 

14. Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing medications?
    A) Kidney
    B) Heart
    C) Liver
    D) Lungs

 

15. The nurse administers a medication that is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects. Which of the following best describes this medication’s impact?
    A) It can cause birth defects.
    B) It improves fetal development.
    C) It increases the likelihood of preterm birth.
    D) It is safe in all trimesters.

 

16. Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
    A) Insulin resistance
    B) Insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells
    C) Increased insulin production
    D) Presence of obesity

 

17. A patient with chronic renal failure is prescribed erythropoietin. What is the goal of this treatment?
    A) To decrease blood pressure
    B) To increase red blood cell production
    C) To promote fluid retention
    D) To reduce pain associated with kidney failure

 

18. Which of the following best describes a common mechanism of action for antidiabetic drugs such as metformin?
    A) Increase glucose production in the liver
    B) Decrease insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
    C) Increase insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic glucose production
    D) Increase glucose absorption in the intestines

 

19. Which medication is most commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism?
    A) Propylthiouracil (PTU)
    B) Levothyroxine
    C) Methimazole
    D) Prednisone

 

20. A patient taking warfarin should be monitored for which of the following?
    A) Hypertension
    B) Risk of bleeding
    C) Risk of thrombosis
    D) Increased urination

 

21. The nurse is caring for a patient taking a calcium channel blocker. Which side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?
    A) Diarrhea
    B) Hypotension
    C) Hypertension
    D) Tachycardia

 

22. Which of the following is the most appropriate action if a nurse suspects a patient has a drug overdose?
    A) Administer the drug antidote immediately
    B) Monitor the patient for 24 hours before taking any action
    C) Notify the healthcare provider and prepare for potential interventions
    D) Discontinue all medications at once

 

23. Which of the following is a key difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
    A) Type 1 is caused by insulin resistance, while type 2 is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
    B) Type 1 involves an absolute deficiency of insulin, while type 2 involves insulin resistance.
    C) Type 1 usually occurs in adulthood, while type 2 occurs in childhood.
    D) Type 2 requires insulin therapy for management, while type 1 can often be managed with oral medications.

 

24. What is the primary action of an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)?
    A) Reduces inflammation and pain
    B) Increases the production of red blood cells
    C) Promotes diuresis
    D) Increases blood pressure

 

25. A nurse is assessing a patient for possible symptoms of sepsis. Which of the following would be a significant finding?
    A) Decreased heart rate
    B) Increased respiratory rate
    C) Increased blood pressure
    D) Decreased white blood cell count

 

26. Which of the following best describes the therapeutic effect of a diuretic?
    A) Increase blood volume
    B) Decrease potassium levels
    C) Reduce fluid retention
    D) Increase blood pressure

 

27. A patient is diagnosed with acute bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following antibiotics would be most appropriate for treating this infection?
    A) Penicillin
    B) Amoxicillin
    C) Ciprofloxacin
    D) Rifampin

 

28. Which of the following medications is commonly used in the management of an acute asthma attack?
    A) Beta-agonist inhaler
    B) Calcium channel blocker
    C) ACE inhibitor
    D) Diuretic

 

29. What is a major side effect of statins that a nurse should monitor for in patients?
    A) Renal failure
    B) Muscle pain and weakness
    C) Hyperglycemia
    D) Headache

 

30. A patient with hypertension is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. What is a common side effect of this medication?
    A) Hypokalemia
    B) Hyponatremia
    C) Hypercalcemia
    D) Hypoglycemia

 

 

31. Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower blood pressure?
    A) Increasing heart rate
    B) Blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
    C) Increasing blood volume
    D) Direct vasoconstriction

 

32. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of corticosteroid therapy. Which of the following is most commonly associated with prolonged corticosteroid use?
    A) Hyperkalemia
    B) Osteoporosis
    C) Hypoglycemia
    D) Hypertension

 

33. A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following would most likely be prescribed?
    A) Levothyroxine
    B) Methimazole
    C) Propylthiouracil
    D) Prednisone

 

34. Which of the following is a primary concern when administering digoxin to a patient with renal insufficiency?
    A) Hyperkalemia
    B) Digoxin toxicity
    C) Hypoglycemia
    D) Respiratory depression

 

35. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most important intervention during the first 15 minutes of the transfusion?
    A) Increase the rate of infusion
    B) Monitor for signs of transfusion reactions
    C) Administer antihistamines
    D) Assess for signs of fluid overload

 

36. Which of the following drugs is commonly used in the treatment of acute anaphylaxis?
    A) Epinephrine
    B) Diphenhydramine
    C) Furosemide
    D) Metformin

 

37. A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following anticoagulants is commonly prescribed for DVT management?
    A) Warfarin
    B) Rivaroxaban
    C) Heparin
    D) Clopidogrel

 

38. The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about insulin administration. Which statement would indicate the patient understands the teaching?
    A) “I will inject the insulin into the muscle for faster absorption.”
    B) “I should avoid rotating my injection sites.”
    C) “I will store my insulin at room temperature.”
    D) “I will inject the insulin just below the skin, not into the muscle.”

 

39. A nurse is administering a diuretic to a patient. What should the nurse monitor regularly to assess for potential complications?
    A) Serum potassium levels
    B) Serum calcium levels
    C) Blood glucose levels
    D) White blood cell count

 

40. Which of the following is the mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
    A) Blocking histamine receptors in the stomach
    B) Increasing the production of gastric acid
    C) Inhibiting the proton pump in parietal cells of the stomach
    D) Neutralizing stomach acid

 

41. Which medication is commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders?
    A) Lorazepam
    B) Atenolol
    C) Amoxicillin
    D) Losartan

 

42. A nurse is assessing a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is about to administer albuterol. Which of the following effects is expected with this medication?
    A) Bronchodilation
    B) Vasoconstriction
    C) Decreased heart rate
    D) Sedation

 

43. What is a major side effect of the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide?
    A) Hair loss
    B) Gastrointestinal bleeding
    C) Respiratory depression
    D) Bone marrow suppression

 

44. A patient with chronic heart failure is prescribed spironolactone. Which of the following is an important consideration when monitoring this patient?
    A) Hyperkalemia
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Hypokalemia
    D) Hypercalcemia

 

45. Which of the following is a characteristic of an acetaminophen overdose?
    A) Respiratory depression
    B) Hepatotoxicity
    C) Hypoglycemia
    D) Hypertension

 

46. A nurse is preparing to administer a beta-agonist to a patient with asthma. What is the expected therapeutic effect?
    A) Bronchodilation
    B) Increased mucus production
    C) Decreased heart rate
    D) Vasoconstriction

 

47. What is the primary mechanism of action of statins in managing hyperlipidemia?
    A) Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestines
    B) Decreasing liver cholesterol synthesis
    C) Increasing HDL cholesterol levels
    D) Reducing triglyceride production in the liver

 

48. A patient receiving a medication has developed tinnitus. Which of the following medications is most likely to cause this side effect?
    A) Furosemide
    B) Warfarin
    C) Insulin
    D) Levothyroxine

 

49. Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
    A) Calcitonin
    B) Insulin
    C) Metformin
    D) Furosemide

 

50. Which of the following is a common side effect of antihypertensive medications, particularly ACE inhibitors?
    A) Persistent dry cough
    B) Increased appetite
    C) Weight gain
    D) Decreased heart rate

 

51. Which medication is used as an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
    A) Naloxone
    B) Acetylcysteine
    C) Flumazenil
    D) Atropine

 

52. What is the primary therapeutic effect of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in treating gastric ulcers?
    A) Decrease acid production in the stomach
    B) Increase gastric motility
    C) Enhance the formation of a protective mucus layer
    D) Reduce the risk of infection

 

53. A nurse is caring for a patient taking warfarin. Which of the following dietary changes should the nurse discuss with the patient?
    A) Avoid foods high in vitamin K
    B) Increase sodium intake
    C) Limit intake of fluids
    D) Avoid high-protein foods

 

54. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of aspirin in preventing thrombosis?
    A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
    B) Increase in clotting factor production
    C) Promotion of fibrinolysis
    D) Enhancement of red blood cell function

 

55. What is the primary purpose of using a vasopressor in the treatment of shock?
    A) To increase heart rate
    B) To reduce fluid volume
    C) To constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure
    D) To decrease heart rate and oxygen demand

 

56. Which medication is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
    A) Methotrexate
    B) Amoxicillin
    C) Furosemide
    D) Simvastatin

 

57. What is the primary goal of antiplatelet therapy in patients with a history of myocardial infarction?
    A) To reduce the risk of bleeding
    B) To prevent the formation of blood clots
    C) To lower blood pressure
    D) To decrease cholesterol levels

 

58. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving morphine for pain relief. Which of the following assessments is most critical for the nurse to monitor?
    A) Respiratory rate
    B) Blood glucose levels
    C) Heart rate
    D) Liver enzymes

 

59. Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors?
    A) Osteoporosis
    B) Hyperkalemia
    C) Increased blood pressure
    D) Hepatic failure

 

60. A nurse is educating a patient about the potential side effects of diuretics. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?
    A) Weight loss
    B) Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
    C) Decreased urine output
    D) Increased risk of infections

 

 

61. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving an opioid analgesic. Which of the following is a priority assessment before administering the medication?
    A) Respiratory rate
    B) Blood pressure
    C) Oxygen saturation
    D) Temperature

 

62. A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker for hypertension. Which of the following actions does this class of medication primarily perform?
    A) Decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels
    B) Increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels
    C) Reduces fluid retention in the kidneys
    D) Increases sodium retention in the kidneys

 

63. The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse be cautious about administering?
    A) Antacids
    B) Corticosteroids
    C) Proton pump inhibitors
    D) H2 receptor antagonists

 

64. A patient with chronic kidney disease is being prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Which of the following is the primary purpose of this treatment?
    A) To treat hyperkalemia
    B) To stimulate red blood cell production
    C) To reduce blood pressure
    D) To decrease the risk of infection

 

65. A nurse is administering a loop diuretic to a patient. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
    A) Hyperkalemia
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Hypokalemia
    D) Hypercalcemia

 

66. A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following is an expected outcome of ACE inhibitor therapy?
    A) Decreased preload and afterload
    B) Increased fluid retention
    C) Increased sodium levels
    D) Decreased myocardial contractility

 

67. A nurse is caring for a patient on anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. Which lab value is essential to monitor?
    A) International normalized ratio (INR)
    B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
    C) Complete blood count (CBC)
    D) Liver function tests

 

68. Which of the following is a common side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
    A) Drowsiness
    B) Sexual dysfunction
    C) Weight loss
    D) Hypotension

 

69. A patient is prescribed clopidogrel for the prevention of stroke. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of this medication?
    A) Inhibits platelet aggregation
    B) Increases red blood cell production
    C) Decreases vascular inflammation
    D) Increases blood clotting factors

 

70. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of prednisone therapy. Which of the following is most commonly associated with long-term use of corticosteroids?
    A) Weight loss
    B) Osteoporosis
    C) Hypoglycemia
    D) Bradycardia

 

71. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a benzodiazepine for anxiety. What is the most important teaching point to include in the patient education?
    A) “You may experience increased energy and alertness.”
    B) “Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while taking this medication.”
    C) “Take the medication on an empty stomach for faster absorption.”
    D) “You can stop the medication abruptly when you feel better.”

 

72. A patient is receiving metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is a key teaching point regarding this medication?
    A) “Take metformin with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.”
    B) “Metformin increases your appetite and promotes weight gain.”
    C) “It is safe to take metformin even if you have kidney problems.”
    D) “You should monitor your blood sugar regularly after taking metformin.”

 

73. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving furosemide for edema. Which of the following electrolytes should the nurse monitor closely?
    A) Calcium
    B) Potassium
    C) Sodium
    D) Magnesium

 

74. A nurse is administering a medication that causes vasodilation to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following medications could cause this effect?
    A) Lisinopril
    B) Furosemide
    C) Amlodipine
    D) Metformin

 

75. A patient with an allergy to penicillin is prescribed a cephalosporin. Which of the following actions is the nurse’s priority?
    A) Monitor for signs of an allergic reaction
    B) Administer the medication with food to reduce nausea
    C) Assess kidney function before administration
    D) Ensure that the patient remains in a supine position during the infusion

 

76. A patient with depression is prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which of the following foods should the patient avoid while taking this medication?
    A) Aged cheese
    B) Fresh fruits
    C) Whole grain bread
    D) Green leafy vegetables

 

77. Which of the following is an expected side effect of antihistamine therapy in older adults?
    A) Sedation
    B) Increased blood pressure
    C) Increased heart rate
    D) Nausea and vomiting

 

78. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving vancomycin. Which of the following complications should the nurse monitor for during therapy?
    A) Nephrotoxicity
    B) Hyperkalemia
    C) Bradycardia
    D) Respiratory depression

 

79. A nurse is administering potassium chloride to a patient with hypokalemia. Which of the following is the most important to monitor during this treatment?
    A) Blood pressure
    B) Respiratory rate
    C) Serum potassium levels
    D) Heart rate

 

80. A nurse is teaching a patient about taking iron supplements for anemia. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
    A) “Take the iron with milk to increase absorption.”
    B) “You may experience black stools while taking this medication.”
    C) “It is best to take iron on an empty stomach to avoid gastrointestinal upset.”
    D) “You can stop taking the iron when your energy levels improve.”

 

81. A patient with hypertension is prescribed an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Which of the following is the expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
    A) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
    B) Increased fluid retention
    C) Increased heart rate
    D) Decreased sodium excretion

 

82. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a corticosteroid for an inflammatory condition. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for in the patient?
    A) Hyperglycemia
    B) Hypokalemia
    C) Bradycardia
    D) Increased urine output

 

83. A patient is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide for the management of hypertension. Which of the following is an expected effect of this medication?
    A) Increased sodium retention
    B) Decreased blood pressure
    C) Increased potassium levels
    D) Decreased calcium excretion

 

84. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a medication that increases serotonin levels. Which of the following is a potential complication of this treatment?
    A) Serotonin syndrome
    B) Hypertensive crisis
    C) Diabetic ketoacidosis
    D) Liver failure

 

85. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
    A) Constipation
    B) Tachycardia
    C) Hyperreflexia
    D) Hyperkalemia

 

86. A patient is prescribed a statin medication to manage hyperlipidemia. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of statins?
    A) Increase HDL cholesterol
    B) Decrease LDL cholesterol
    C) Increase triglycerides
    D) Stimulate cholesterol absorption

 

87. A nurse is educating a patient who is starting on an oral contraceptive. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
    A) “Take the pill at the same time every day to maximize its effectiveness.”
    B) “You can stop the pill when you no longer need contraception.”
    C) “You can use it as emergency contraception if needed.”
    D) “Taking the pill will protect you from sexually transmitted infections.”

 

88. A patient is receiving insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is a key teaching point about insulin use?
    A) “You should always take insulin with meals to avoid hypoglycemia.”
    B) “Store your insulin in the freezer to maintain its effectiveness.”
    C) “You may experience weight loss when using insulin.”
    D) “Rotate your injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.”

 

89. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a proton pump inhibitor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
    A) Constipation
    B) Diarrhea
    C) Headache
    D) Increased heart rate

 

90. A nurse is administering a medication that blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following is a likely effect of this medication?
    A) Increased heart rate
    B) Constricted pupils
    C) Decreased blood pressure
    D) Increased saliva production

 

 

91. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following laboratory results should be closely monitored during therapy?
    A) Liver function tests
    B) Blood glucose levels
    C) Serum potassium levels
    D) White blood cell count

 

92. A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist. Which of the following is the primary action of this medication?
    A) Bronchodilation
    B) Mucus production
    C) Respiratory depression
    D) Diaphragm paralysis

 

93. A nurse is administering an antihypertensive medication that works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Which of the following medications is most likely being given?
    A) Enalapril
    B) Losartan
    C) Amlodipine
    D) Metoprolol

 

94. A patient is taking digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following is a sign of digoxin toxicity?
    A) Weight loss
    B) Bradycardia
    C) Hyperglycemia
    D) Hypokalemia

 

95. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking warfarin. Which of the following foods should the patient limit to reduce the risk of bleeding?
    A) Spinach
    B) Grapefruit
    C) Bananas
    D) Apples

 

96. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Which of the following is the most important teaching point?
    A) “NSAIDs may cause gastrointestinal bleeding.”
    B) “NSAIDs may cause weight loss.”
    C) “NSAIDs increase the risk of hyperglycemia.”
    D) “NSAIDs increase the risk of kidney failure.”

 

97. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which of the following is the expected effect of this medication?
    A) Increased heart rate
    B) Decreased blood pressure
    C) Increased blood flow to the kidneys
    D) Increased myocardial oxygen demand

 

98. A patient is receiving a dopamine infusion. Which of the following is an expected outcome of this medication?
    A) Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
    B) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
    C) Bronchodilation and improved oxygenation
    D) Decreased heart rate and improved renal perfusion

 

99. A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of heart failure. Which of the following medications is most commonly prescribed to reduce the symptoms of heart failure?
    A) Losartan
    B) Lisinopril
    C) Amlodipine
    D) Metformin

 

100. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of a transdermal nicotine patch. Which of the following instructions should be included in the teaching?
     A) “Place the patch on the same area of your skin each day.”
     B) “Remove the patch before showering or swimming.”
     C) “Use the patch only when you have cravings.”
     D) “Wear the patch for 48 hours before changing it.”

 

101. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin. Which of the following is the primary characteristic of this insulin?
     A) It has a rapid onset of action.
     B) It has a peak action time of 2-4 hours.
     C) It provides a steady release of insulin throughout the day.
     D) It can be mixed with short-acting insulins for optimal effect.

 

102. A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when administering this medication?
     A) Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia
     B) Monitor kidney function before initiating therapy
     C) Administer with a high-fat meal
     D) Assess for signs of dehydration

 

103. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a combination medication for hypertension that includes an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker. Which of the following is the expected effect of this combination?
     A) Increased fluid retention
     B) Reduced blood pressure
     C) Increased heart rate
     D) Increased risk of hyperkalemia

 

104. A patient is prescribed spironolactone for the management of heart failure. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Hypokalemia
     C) Constipation
     D) Weight loss

 

105. A nurse is administering a drug that enhances the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following effects would be expected from this medication?
     A) Increased heart rate
     B) Decreased gastric motility
     C) Constricted pupils
     D) Increased blood pressure

 

106. A patient is receiving a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following is the expected outcome of this therapy?
     A) Increased stomach acid production
     B) Reduced gastric acid secretion
     C) Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone
     D) Reduced production of bile acids

 

107. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of aspirin for cardiovascular prevention. Which of the following is the most important side effect to warn the patient about?
     A) Tinnitus
     B) Nausea
     C) Constipation
     D) Hypotension

 

108. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a vasopressor to treat shock. Which of the following is the primary action of this class of medications?
     A) Decreases heart rate
     B) Constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure
     C) Reduces myocardial workload
     D) Increases respiratory rate

 

109. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed an anticholinergic drug for overactive bladder. Which of the following side effects is most commonly associated with anticholinergic medications?
     A) Increased salivation
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Dry mouth
     D) Bradycardia

 

110. A patient is prescribed a medication for opioid addiction. Which of the following medications is commonly used for this purpose?
     A) Methadone
     B) Diazepam
     C) Naloxone
     D) Buprenorphine

 

111. A nurse is administering an opioid analgesic to a patient. Which of the following is a priority assessment before administration?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Oxygen saturation
     D) Heart rate

 

112. A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes on the use of insulin. Which of the following is the most important information to provide?
     A) “Insulin should be injected into the same area of the body each day.”
     B) “You should always refrigerate your insulin even when using it.”
     C) “Rotate injection sites to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy.”
     D) “You should inject insulin just before meals.”

 

113. A nurse is caring for a patient with asthma who is prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid. Which of the following is the most important instruction for the patient?
     A) “Use the inhaler only during an asthma attack.”
     B) “Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler to prevent oral thrush.”
     C) “Take the medication only in the morning to avoid insomnia.”
     D) “Use the inhaler daily for a quick relief of symptoms.”

 

114. A patient is taking an oral contraceptive. Which of the following factors would decrease the effectiveness of the contraceptive?
     A) Taking the pill at the same time every day
     B) Missed doses of the pill
     C) Using the pill with food
     D) Using a backup method of contraception

 

115. A nurse is caring for a patient on a diuretic. Which of the following lab values should be monitored regularly during therapy?
     A) Serum calcium
     B) Serum potassium
     C) Liver enzymes
     D) Serum glucose

 

116. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of antihistamines. Which of the following is an important side effect to warn the patient about?
     A) Increased heart rate
     B) Drowsiness
     C) Increased appetite
     D) Insomnia

 

117. A nurse is administering a medication that affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Which of the following medications is most likely being given?
     A) Losartan
     B) Amlodipine
     C) Furosemide
     D) Metoprolol

 

118. A patient with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Gingival hyperplasia
     B) Weight loss
     C) Tachycardia
     D) Hypotension

 

119. A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the use of a rapid-acting insulin. Which of the following is the appropriate time for this insulin to be administered?
     A) 30 minutes before a meal
     B) Just after a meal
     C) During a meal
     D) 15 minutes before a meal

 

120. A nurse is administering morphine to a patient. Which of the following should be closely monitored due to the risk of opioid-related side effects?
     A) Respiratory rate
     B) Serum glucose levels
     C) Oxygen saturation
     D) Urine output

 

 

121. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypothyroidism who is prescribed levothyroxine. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?
     A) To suppress thyroid function
     B) To replace deficient thyroid hormone
     C) To increase metabolism
     D) To reduce goiter size

 

122. A patient is prescribed the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel. Which of the following is the main action of this medication?
     A) Inhibition of thrombin production
     B) Prevention of platelet aggregation
     C) Enhancement of fibrinogen activity
     D) Stimulation of clot formation

 

123. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for depression. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize?
     A) Sedation
     B) Weight gain
     C) Sexual dysfunction
     D) Dry mouth

 

124. A patient who is taking warfarin asks how they can reduce their risk of bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice?
     A) “Increase your intake of leafy green vegetables.”
     B) “Avoid activities that may result in trauma or injury.”
     C) “Use aspirin to prevent blood clots.”
     D) “Increase your intake of vitamin K supplements.”

 

125. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an opioid analgesic. Which of the following is the most important assessment prior to administering the medication?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Temperature
     D) Oxygen saturation

 

126. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed metoprolol for hypertension. Which of the following is an expected outcome of this medication?
     A) Increased heart rate
     B) Reduced blood pressure
     C) Increased myocardial oxygen demand
     D) Increased blood glucose levels

 

127. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of an inhaled bronchodilator for asthma. Which of the following is an appropriate teaching point?
     A) “Use this medication only during an asthma attack.”
     B) “This medication will reduce inflammation in your airways.”
     C) “You should take this medication every morning and night.”
     D) “This medication will relax the muscles around your airways to improve airflow.”

 

128. A patient is prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following is the primary action of this medication?
     A) Decrease triglyceride levels
     B) Increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels
     C) Inhibit cholesterol production in the liver
     D) Increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels

 

129. A nurse is administering a medication that reduces the production of gastric acid. Which of the following medications is most likely being prescribed?
     A) Omeprazole
     B) Diphenhydramine
     C) Prednisone
     D) Hydrocodone

 

130. A patient with a history of anxiety is prescribed alprazolam. Which of the following is an important side effect to be aware of with this medication?
     A) Tachycardia
     B) Sedation
     C) Constipation
     D) Hyperactivity

 

131. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of a corticosteroid prescribed for chronic inflammation. Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy?
     A) Osteoporosis
     B) Decreased appetite
     C) Increased urinary frequency
     D) Increased hair growth

 

132. A nurse is administering furosemide to a patient with congestive heart failure. Which of the following effects is expected from this diuretic?
     A) Increased potassium levels
     B) Increased sodium retention
     C) Decreased fluid volume
     D) Increased blood pressure

 

133. A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker for hypertension. Which of the following is the expected effect of this medication?
     A) Increased myocardial contractility
     B) Vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
     C) Increased heart rate
     D) Increased sodium retention

 

134. A nurse is caring for a patient on a regimen of antiretroviral drugs for HIV. Which of the following should the nurse monitor closely for potential side effects?
     A) Liver function
     B) Renal function
     C) Hemoglobin levels
     D) Serum electrolytes

 

135. A patient who is taking hydrocodone for pain management asks about the potential for addiction. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?
     A) “Hydrocodone is not addictive if taken as prescribed.”
     B) “You will need to gradually reduce the dose to avoid addiction.”
     C) “Long-term use of hydrocodone may lead to dependence and addiction.”
     D) “Hydrocodone is safe to use for extended periods without the risk of addiction.”

 

136. A nurse is administering a diuretic to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Dehydration
     C) Bradycardia
     D) Increased blood sugar

 

137. A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed clozapine. Which of the following is a significant side effect of this medication that the nurse should monitor for?
     A) Hypoglycemia
     B) Agranulocytosis
     C) Hypertension
     D) Weight loss

 

138. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of a stool softener. Which of the following is the most appropriate instruction?
     A) “Take the medication with a glass of water to avoid dehydration.”
     B) “Limit your fluid intake while using this medication.”
     C) “Expect the medication to work within the next 24 hours.”
     D) “Increase your intake of fiber while using this medication.”

 

139. A nurse is administering insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is the correct action for the nurse to take when administering insulin?
     A) Rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage.
     B) Inject insulin into the muscle for quicker absorption.
     C) Only use the same site once to ensure proper absorption.
     D) Inject insulin at a 90-degree angle for all patients.

 

140. A patient with a history of depression is prescribed fluoxetine. Which of the following is an important teaching point for this medication?
     A) “You should expect to feel better within a few hours.”
     B) “Do not abruptly stop taking this medication.”
     C) “This medication will increase your appetite.”
     D) “You should only take this medication at bedtime.”

 

141. A nurse is administering a medication that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Which of the following medications is most likely being prescribed?
     A) Azithromycin
     B) Penicillin
     C) Metronidazole
     D) Ciprofloxacin

 

142. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving an anticoagulant. Which of the following laboratory tests should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of therapy?
     A) Prothrombin time (PT)
     B) Complete blood count (CBC)
     C) Liver function tests
     D) Serum potassium levels

 

143. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should be monitored for adverse effects?
     A) Renal function
     B) Blood glucose levels
     C) Blood pressure
     D) Liver function

 

144. A patient with a history of asthma is prescribed montelukast. Which of the following is the expected effect of this medication?
     A) Increased bronchodilation
     B) Decreased bronchospasm
     C) Increased mucus production
     D) Decreased heart rate

 

145. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of prednisone. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize?
     A) Weight loss
     B) Fluid retention
     C) Hypoglycemia
     D) Decreased appetite

 

146. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor for gastric ulcers. Which of the following should the nurse monitor while the patient is on this medication?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Electrolyte levels
     C) Renal function
     D) Hepatic function

 

147. A patient receiving an opioid analgesic experiences nausea and vomiting. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
     A) Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
     B) Withhold food and fluids for 24 hours.
     C) Increase the dose of opioid analgesic.
     D) Increase the dose of intravenous fluids.

 

148. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a medication that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. Which of the following medications is the nurse most likely administering?
     A) Fluoxetine
     B) Diazepam
     C) Lithium
     D) Imipramine

 

149. A patient is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Dehydration
     C) Weight gain
     D) Hypoglycemia

 

150. A nurse is teaching a patient who is prescribed insulin about hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the most important symptom to monitor for hypoglycemia?
     A) Dry mouth
     B) Sweating
     C) Hyperventilation
     D) Increased thirst

 

 

151. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed amoxicillin for a bacterial infection. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Rash
     B) Hypertension
     C) Hypoglycemia
     D) Weight gain

 

152. A patient is prescribed prednisone for an inflammatory condition. Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of long-term prednisone therapy?
     A) Hypotension
     B) Osteoporosis
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Weight loss

 

153. A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of metformin for type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is the most common side effect of this medication?
     A) Constipation
     B) Nausea and vomiting
     C) Weight gain
     D) Dizziness

 

154. A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient with heart failure. Which of the following should the nurse monitor to assess for potential toxicity?
     A) Blood glucose levels
     B) Serum potassium levels
     C) Serum sodium levels
     D) Liver function tests

 

155. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin. Which of the following is the desired effect of this medication?
     A) Decreased blood pressure
     B) Increased red blood cell production
     C) Reduced proteinuria
     D) Increased platelet count

 

156. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed spironolactone for heart failure. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Hypokalemia
     C) Increased heart rate
     D) Weight loss

 

157. A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson’s disease. Which of the following side effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) Insomnia
     B) Orthostatic hypotension
     C) Hyperactivity
     D) Weight gain

 

158. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Tinnitus
     B) Tendon rupture
     C) Hypokalemia
     D) Hypertension

 

159. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an intravenous infusion of morphine for pain management. Which of the following is the priority assessment before administering the medication?
     A) Respiratory rate
     B) Heart rate
     C) Blood pressure
     D) Oxygen saturation

 

160. A patient is prescribed lorazepam for anxiety. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Drowsiness
     B) Insomnia
     C) Diarrhea
     D) Weight loss

 

161. A nurse is administering warfarin to a patient with atrial fibrillation. Which of the following laboratory tests should be monitored regularly to assess the effectiveness of warfarin?
     A) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
     B) Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)
     C) Serum potassium levels
     D) Serum glucose levels

 

162. A nurse is caring for a patient with asthma who is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following is the primary effect of this medication?
     A) Bronchodilation
     B) Decreased inflammation
     C) Increased mucus production
     D) Increased heart rate

 

163. A nurse is administering insulin to a patient with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is the priority action before administering insulin?
     A) Check the patient’s blood glucose level
     B) Ensure the patient has eaten a meal
     C) Verify the insulin dose with another nurse
     D) All of the above

 

164. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. Which of the following is an important side effect to monitor for with this medication?
     A) Cough
     B) Weight gain
     C) Diarrhea
     D) Dry mouth

 

165. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed diazepam for muscle spasms. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Sedation
     B) Weight loss
     C) Insomnia
     D) Increased appetite

 

166. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the use of hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following side effects should the nurse emphasize?
     A) Increased potassium levels
     B) Dehydration
     C) Dizziness
     D) Hyperglycemia

 

167. A nurse is administering a medication to a patient with a peptic ulcer. Which of the following medications is most likely prescribed for this condition?
     A) Omeprazole
     B) Hydrochlorothiazide
     C) Furosemide
     D) Ibuprofen

 

168. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which of the following is a common side effect of this class of medication?
     A) Bradycardia
     B) Tachycardia
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Increased appetite

 

169. A nurse is administering an antifungal medication to a patient with a fungal infection. Which of the following is a common side effect of antifungal therapy?
     A) Nausea
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Weight loss
     D) Hypertension

 

170. A patient is prescribed acetaminophen for mild pain. Which of the following is the most important consideration when administering this medication?
     A) Monitor for gastrointestinal bleeding
     B) Monitor for liver toxicity
     C) Ensure adequate hydration
     D) Ensure the patient has a prescription for the medication

 

171. A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking an anticoagulant. Which of the following actions should the nurse avoid?
     A) Administering the medication with food
     B) Encouraging the patient to avoid sudden movements
     C) Monitoring for signs of bleeding
     D) Encouraging the use of a soft-bristled toothbrush

 

172. A nurse is administering a bronchodilator to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following is the expected effect of this medication?
     A) Increased airway constriction
     B) Increased mucus production
     C) Bronchodilation
     D) Decreased oxygen saturation

 

173. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed atenolol for hypertension. Which of the following is an important consideration when administering this medication?
     A) Assess the patient’s blood pressure before administration
     B) Ensure the patient is well-hydrated
     C) Instruct the patient to take the medication at night
     D) Monitor the patient’s blood glucose levels

 

174. A patient is prescribed methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Hair loss
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Bradycardia
     D) Weight gain

 

175. A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize during the teaching session?
     A) “Take the medication with food to improve absorption.”
     B) “Avoid taking the medication with calcium or iron supplements.”
     C) “Take the medication only when you are feeling tired.”
     D) “Skip a dose if you feel well.”

 

176. A nurse is administering a medication to a patient with hypertension. The medication is a calcium channel blocker. Which of the following effects should the nurse expect from this medication?
     A) Decreased heart rate
     B) Decreased blood pressure
     C) Increased blood glucose levels
     D) Increased blood pressure

 

177. A nurse is administering a medication that works by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Which of the following medications is the nurse most likely administering?
     A) Duloxetine
     B) Sertraline
     C) Amitriptyline
     D) Clonidine

 

178. A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of seizures who is prescribed phenytoin. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for with this medication?
     A) Hepatic toxicity
     B) Nephrotoxicity
     C) Gingival hyperplasia
     D) Hypoglycemia

 

179. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of a proton pump inhibitor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following is an appropriate teaching point?
     A) “Take the medication with food.”
     B) “Take the medication in the morning before meals.”
     C) “You should avoid taking the medication on an empty stomach.”
     D) “Take the medication at night before bedtime.”

 

180. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder. Which of the following should the nurse monitor closely during lithium therapy?
     A) Serum sodium levels
     B) Serum calcium levels
     C) Liver function tests
     D) Blood glucose levels

 

 

181. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a diuretic. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hypokalemia
     B) Hypercalcemia
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Hyponatremia

 

182. A patient is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Weight gain
     C) Tremors
     D) Decreased urination

 

183. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving nitroglycerin for angina. Which of the following is the primary therapeutic effect of this medication?
     A) Decreases heart rate
     B) Relieves pain by dilating blood vessels
     C) Increases blood pressure
     D) Inhibits platelet aggregation

 

184. A nurse is teaching a patient about a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further education?
     A) “I will use a soft toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding.”
     B) “I will increase my intake of vitamin K-rich foods.”
     C) “I should avoid activities that may cause injury.”
     D) “I will have regular blood tests to monitor my INR.”

 

185. A nurse is administering phenytoin to a patient with epilepsy. Which of the following is an important aspect of patient teaching regarding this medication?
     A) “Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.”
     B) “It is important to have regular blood tests to monitor drug levels.”
     C) “Avoid taking the medication with antacids.”
     D) “If you miss a dose, take two doses the next time.”

 

186. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed amiodarone for an arrhythmia. Which of the following potential adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Photosensitivity
     B) Hyperkalemia
     C) Hypoglycemia
     D) Bradycardia

 

187. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor closely?
     A) Potassium levels
     B) Hemoglobin levels
     C) Sodium levels
     D) Calcium levels

 

188. A patient is receiving metoprolol for hypertension. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform before administering this medication?
     A) Blood pressure and heart rate
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Serum potassium level
     D) Serum glucose level

 

189. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of insulin for type 1 diabetes. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands proper insulin use?
     A) “I should inject my insulin into muscle tissue for faster absorption.”
     B) “I will rotate my injection sites to prevent tissue damage.”
     C) “I should only take my insulin after eating a meal.”
     D) “I can stop taking insulin if my blood glucose is normal.”

 

190. A nurse is administering lorazepam to a patient with anxiety. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Drowsiness
     B) Hypertension
     C) Tachycardia
     D) Increased appetite

 

191. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed clopidogrel. Which of the following is the primary therapeutic effect of this medication?
     A) Increases platelet aggregation
     B) Inhibits platelet aggregation
     C) Increases clotting factors
     D) Relieves pain

 

192. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an infusion of vancomycin. Which of the following potential adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Red man syndrome
     B) Tinnitus
     C) Hyperglycemia
     D) Hyperkalemia

 

193. A nurse is educating a patient on the use of statins for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following is an important consideration when taking this medication?
     A) Avoid consuming grapefruit juice
     B) Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia
     C) Take the medication only when experiencing chest pain
     D) Eat a high-fat diet to increase medication absorption

 

194. A patient is receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy?
     A) Ondansetron
     B) Famotidine
     C) Diphenhydramine
     D) Hydroxyzine

 

195. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed azithromycin for a bacterial infection. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Diarrhea
     B) Constipation
     C) Dehydration
     D) Bradycardia

 

196. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of oral contraceptives. Which of the following is an important consideration regarding this medication?
     A) “You should take the pill at the same time every day.”
     B) “The pill is not effective if taken with food.”
     C) “You can skip your periods by not taking the pill for one week.”
     D) “The pill increases the risk of urinary tract infections.”

 

197. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving warfarin therapy. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?
     A) Spinach
     B) Apples
     C) Bananas
     D) Rice

 

198. A nurse is educating a patient prescribed sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) “Take this medication on an empty stomach for best results.”
     B) “You can take this medication with alcohol without any concern.”
     C) “Do not take this medication with nitrates due to the risk of severe hypotension.”
     D) “This medication may cause drowsiness.”

 

199. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving lorazepam for short-term anxiety management. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration for this medication?
     A) Monitor for signs of hypertension
     B) Monitor for respiratory depression and sedation
     C) Monitor for tachycardia
     D) Monitor for nausea and vomiting

 

200. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hypertension
     B) Chest pain
     C) Visual disturbances
     D) Dehydration

 

201. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of gabapentin for neuropathic pain. Which of the following side effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) Drowsiness
     B) Insomnia
     C) Diarrhea
     D) Constipation

 

202. A nurse is administering morphine to a patient for pain relief. Which of the following is the most important assessment before administering this medication?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Blood glucose level
     D) Serum potassium level

 

203. A patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed amiodarone. Which of the following potential side effects should the nurse monitor for with this medication?
     A) Hypothyroidism
     B) Weight loss
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Bradycardia

 

204. A nurse is caring for a patient with osteoarthritis who is prescribed tramadol for pain relief. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Drowsiness
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Increased appetite
     D) Insomnia

 

205. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of enalapril for hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) “You should take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.”
     B) “Monitor for a persistent dry cough while on this medication.”
     C) “This medication may cause weight loss.”
     D) “You should avoid consuming dairy products while taking this medication.”

 

206. A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperlipidemia who is prescribed atorvastatin. Which of the following lab tests should be monitored during atorvastatin therapy?
     A) Liver function tests
     B) Serum glucose levels
     C) Serum potassium levels
     D) B-type natriuretic peptide levels

 

207. A nurse is administering an opioid analgesic to a patient. Which of the following is the most important action to take before administering this medication?
     A) Assess for pain level
     B) Check the patient’s vital signs, especially respiratory rate
     C) Ensure the patient has eaten a meal
     D) Ensure the patient is hydrated

 

208. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of fluoxetine for depression. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the medication’s use?
     A) “I will take this medication at night before bed.”
     B) “I should expect to feel better within a few days of starting the medication.”
     C) “It may take several weeks to notice the full effect of the medication.”
     D) “If I forget to take a dose, I should take two doses the next day.”

 

209. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy and is prescribed an antiemetic. Which of the following medications is commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
     A) Ondansetron
     B) Lorazepam
     C) Diphenhydramine
     D) Furosemide

 

210. A nurse is caring for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who is prescribed methotrexate. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
     A) Hepatotoxicity
     B) Hypotension
     C) Hyperglycemia
     D) Insomnia

 

 

211. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension who is prescribed losartan. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when administering this medication?
     A) Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia
     B) Monitor for elevated blood glucose levels
     C) Monitor for increased heart rate
     D) Monitor for signs of dehydration

 

212. A nurse is administering an intravenous infusion of morphine to a patient for pain relief. Which of the following is the most important nursing intervention?
     A) Assess the patient’s respiratory rate
     B) Offer the patient oral fluids
     C) Encourage the patient to ambulate
     D) Monitor the patient’s temperature

 

213. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin. Which of the following laboratory values should be monitored closely during therapy?
     A) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
     B) Potassium levels
     C) Serum albumin
     D) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

 

214. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a prescription for levothyroxine. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates understanding of proper medication use?
     A) “I will take my medication with food to avoid stomach upset.”
     B) “I should take my medication at the same time every day.”
     C) “I can stop taking my medication once my thyroid function returns to normal.”
     D) “I should take my medication before bed to improve absorption.”

 

215. A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hypokalemia
     B) Hyperkalemia
     C) Hypercalcemia
     D) Hypoglycemia

 

216. A patient with asthma is prescribed salmeterol. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication’s use?
     A) “I will take this medication as needed for acute asthma attacks.”
     B) “I will use this medication every 12 hours as a long-term control medication.”
     C) “I should stop using this medication if I feel better.”
     D) “This medication is used to relieve shortness of breath immediately.”

 

217. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed aspirin for pain relief. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
     B) Hyperkalemia
     C) Drowsiness
     D) Insomnia

 

218. A nurse is administering metformin to a patient with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Lactic acidosis
     B) Hypoglycemia
     C) Weight gain
     D) Hyperglycemia

 

219. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed a benzodiazepine. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Drowsiness
     B) Elevated blood pressure
     C) Tachycardia
     D) Hyperactivity

 

220. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving insulin glargine. Which of the following is the most appropriate time for the nurse to administer this medication?
     A) Before meals
     B) With the first meal of the day
     C) At bedtime
     D) After exercise

 

221. A patient with depression is prescribed sertraline. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Sexual dysfunction
     B) Increased appetite
     C) Weight loss
     D) Dry mouth

 

222. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed prednisone. Which of the following should the nurse include in the patient’s education?
     A) “Take this medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.”
     B) “You may stop the medication once you feel better.”
     C) “This medication is not effective for joint pain.”
     D) “You should increase your salt intake while on this medication.”

 

223. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous potassium chloride. Which of the following actions is the most important?
     A) Administer the infusion slowly
     B) Infuse with a fast drip rate to improve absorption
     C) Administer without dilution
     D) Monitor blood glucose levels frequently

 

224. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving a medication for hypothyroidism. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration?
     A) Monitor the patient for symptoms of hyperthyroidism
     B) Administer the medication with food
     C) Limit fluid intake during treatment
     D) Monitor the patient for symptoms of depression

 

225. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving ciprofloxacin for a bacterial infection. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Tendon pain or swelling
     B) Weight gain
     C) Dehydration
     D) Hyperglycemia

 

226. A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is prescribed tiotropium. Which of the following is the expected effect of this medication?
     A) Bronchodilation
     B) Decrease in mucus production
     C) Reduction in inflammation
     D) Increased respiratory rate

 

227. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of metoprolol for hypertension. Which of the following is an important instruction to include?
     A) “You may stop taking the medication if your blood pressure improves.”
     B) “It may take several weeks to see the full effect of the medication.”
     C) “Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption.”
     D) “You should avoid taking this medication with food.”

 

228. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. Which of the following electrolytes should the nurse monitor regularly?
     A) Sodium
     B) Potassium
     C) Calcium
     D) Phosphate

 

229. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Persistent dry cough
     B) Increased appetite
     C) Low blood pressure
     D) Weight gain

 

230. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following is a priority assessment before administering this medication?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Heart rate
     C) Respiratory rate
     D) Serum potassium level

 

231. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed gabapentin for neuropathic pain. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Dizziness
     B) Vomiting
     C) Hypertension
     D) Tachycardia

 

232. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving amlodipine for hypertension. Which of the following is an important side effect to monitor for with this medication?
     A) Edema
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Dizziness
     D) Rash

 

233. A nurse is administering a flu vaccine to a patient with a history of allergies to eggs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
     A) Proceed with the vaccine and monitor for any adverse reactions
     B) Administer a different type of vaccine without eggs
     C) Avoid administering any vaccines
     D) Ask the patient to take antihistamines before the vaccine

 

234. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of propranolol for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Bradycardia
     B) Hypertension
     C) Tachycardia
     D) Weight loss

 

235. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving acetaminophen for pain relief. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration?
     A) Monitor for liver toxicity
     B) Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
     C) Monitor for signs of respiratory depression
     D) Monitor for increased blood pressure

 

236. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder. Which of the following should the nurse monitor closely?
     A) Sodium levels
     B) Potassium levels
     C) Blood glucose levels
     D) Vitamin D levels

 

237. A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes who is prescribed glipizide. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the medication’s use?
     A) “I should take the medication before meals to lower my blood sugar.”
     B) “I can skip the medication on days I don’t eat.”
     C) “I should take the medication only if my blood sugar is elevated.”
     D) “I can stop taking this medication once my blood sugar returns to normal.”

 

238. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving hydrocodone for pain relief. Which of the following is an important side effect to monitor for?
     A) Constipation
     B) Hypertension
     C) Weight loss
     D) Diarrhea

 

 

239. A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who is prescribed spironolactone. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hyperkalemia
     B) Hypokalemia
     C) Hypercalcemia
     D) Hyponatremia

 

240. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of warfarin for anticoagulation. Which of the following statements indicates that the patient understands the instructions?
     A) “I should avoid eating foods that are high in vitamin K.”
     B) “I can stop taking the medication when my clotting time is normal.”
     C) “It is safe to take over-the-counter pain relievers while using this medication.”
     D) “I should take the medication in the morning before eating.”

 

241. A nurse is administering amoxicillin to a patient with a bacterial infection. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient’s education?
     A) “Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption.”
     B) “Finish the entire course of medication, even if you feel better.”
     C) “You may stop taking the medication if you experience diarrhea.”
     D) “You should avoid taking this medication with any food.”

 

242. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed lorazepam. Which of the following is an important side effect to monitor for?
     A) Sedation
     B) Hyperactivity
     C) Hypotension
     D) Weight gain

 

243. A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed ibuprofen for osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the medication’s use?
     A) “I should take this medication on an empty stomach for maximum benefit.”
     B) “I can stop taking the medication once my pain improves.”
     C) “I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.”
     D) “This medication will reduce my pain but will not reduce inflammation.”

 

244. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Dizziness
     B) Nausea
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Constipation

 

245. A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension who is prescribed atenolol. Which of the following assessments is most important before administering this medication?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Serum potassium level
     D) Heart rate

 

246. A nurse is educating a patient with a history of asthma who is prescribed montelukast. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the medication’s purpose?
     A) “This medication will provide immediate relief of asthma symptoms.”
     B) “I should use this medication daily even when I feel well.”
     C) “I will take this medication only when I feel short of breath.”
     D) “This medication will prevent asthma attacks, but not treat them.”

 

247. A nurse is administering a chemotherapy agent to a patient with cancer. Which of the following is the most common side effect of chemotherapy?
     A) Alopecia
     B) Constipation
     C) Rash
     D) Edema

 

248. A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is prescribed insulin aspart. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
     A) Administer the insulin 30 minutes before meals
     B) Administer the insulin immediately after meals
     C) Monitor the patient for hypoglycemia after administration
     D) Avoid administering the insulin at night

 

249. A nurse is caring for a patient with depression who is prescribed duloxetine. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this medication?
     A) Hypertension
     B) Weight loss
     C) Drowsiness
     D) Seizures

 

250. A nurse is caring for a patient with gout who is prescribed allopurinol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient’s education?
     A) “Drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication.”
     B) “Limit your intake of vitamin C while on this medication.”
     C) “Avoid high-protein foods while taking this medication.”
     D) “You may stop the medication once your symptoms improve.”

 

251. A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic pain who is prescribed fentanyl patches. Which of the following is an important nursing intervention?
     A) Remove the patch if the patient experiences a rash
     B) Apply the patch to the patient’s abdomen
     C) Monitor the patient for signs of respiratory depression
     D) Encourage the patient to change the patch site every 2 hours

 

252. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving hydralazine for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Dizziness
     B) Tachycardia
     C) Hyperkalemia
     D) Hyperglycemia

 

253. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed valproic acid for epilepsy. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for during treatment?
     A) Liver function tests
     B) Blood pressure
     C) Potassium levels
     D) Renal function tests

 

254. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed clopidogrel for prevention of stroke. Which of the following is an important side effect to monitor for?
     A) Bleeding
     B) Tachycardia
     C) Hypertension
     D) Weight loss

 

255. A nurse is educating a patient with rheumatoid arthritis about the use of methotrexate. Which of the following should the nurse include in the education?
     A) “You should take this medication on an empty stomach.”
     B) “You may experience increased energy while on this medication.”
     C) “This medication may cause liver damage, so regular monitoring is required.”
     D) “You can stop taking this medication once you experience symptom relief.”

 

256. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving insulin glargine. Which of the following is true about this medication?
     A) It is a long-acting insulin that provides basal insulin coverage.
     B) It is a rapid-acting insulin that is used to control postprandial blood glucose levels.
     C) It can be mixed with other insulins for convenient administration.
     D) It should be taken immediately before meals for best effectiveness.

 

257. A nurse is caring for a patient with epilepsy who is prescribed phenytoin. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for during treatment?
     A) Gingival hyperplasia
     B) Hypoglycemia
     C) Respiratory depression
     D) Weight gain

 

258. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. Which of the following is the most common side effect?
     A) Muscle pain
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Rash
     D) Dizziness

 

259. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of albuterol for asthma. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the instructions?
     A) “I should use this medication every day, even if I am feeling well.”
     B) “I will use this medication when I feel short of breath or have an asthma attack.”
     C) “This medication is used to treat the underlying cause of asthma.”
     D) “I should avoid using this medication during an asthma attack.”

 

260. A nurse is administering morphine to a patient postoperatively. Which of the following is an important intervention to prevent complications?
     A) Encourage the patient to perform deep breathing exercises
     B) Instruct the patient to lie flat for 30 minutes after administration
     C) Limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload
     D) Administer the medication on an empty stomach

 

261. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enalapril for hypertension. Which of the following is a common side effect of this medication?
     A) Cough
     B) Weight loss
     C) Increased appetite
     D) Diarrhea

 

262. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the use of lisinopril. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates understanding?
     A) “I can stop taking this medication once my blood pressure returns to normal.”
     B) “I should take this medication with food to prevent stomach upset.”
     C) “I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly while taking this medication.”
     D) “I should avoid drinking fluids while taking this medication.”

 

 

263. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed acyclovir for herpes simplex virus. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Nausea and vomiting
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Nephrotoxicity
     D) Weight gain

 

264. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the use of amlodipine. Which of the following should the nurse include in the patient education?
     A) “You may experience dizziness, especially when standing up quickly.”
     B) “This medication will reduce your heart rate.”
     C) “You should avoid foods high in potassium.”
     D) “It is important to take this medication on an empty stomach.”

 

265. A nurse is administering a dose of digoxin to a patient with atrial fibrillation. Which of the following should the nurse assess before administering the medication?
     A) Serum potassium levels
     B) Blood glucose levels
     C) Serum sodium levels
     D) Serum creatinine levels

 

266. A nurse is teaching a patient with a new prescription for sertraline. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the education?
     A) “You may experience drowsiness, so take this medication before bedtime.”
     B) “It is safe to drink alcohol in moderation while on this medication.”
     C) “This medication may take 2-4 weeks to show full effects.”
     D) “You can stop taking this medication as soon as you feel better.”

 

267. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed prednisone for an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect?
     A) Hyperglycemia
     B) Hypokalemia
     C) Hypotension
     D) Weight loss

 

268. A nurse is administering acetaminophen to a patient with mild pain. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention?
     A) Monitor the patient for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.
     B) Ensure the patient does not exceed the maximum daily dosage.
     C) Assess the patient’s renal function before administration.
     D) Instruct the patient to take the medication on an empty stomach.

 

269. A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about the use of ipratropium inhaler. Which of the following statements indicates understanding?
     A) “This medication will help open my airways and make it easier to breathe.”
     B) “I should use this inhaler during an asthma attack to get quick relief.”
     C) “I should use this inhaler only when I feel short of breath.”
     D) “I need to limit the amount of fluid I drink while using this inhaler.”

 

270. A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is prescribed metformin. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
     A) Hypoglycemia
     B) Diarrhea
     C) Weight gain
     D) Hyperkalemia

 

271. A nurse is caring for a patient who has just been started on lisinopril. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for during the first few days of therapy?
     A) Blood pressure
     B) Respiratory rate
     C) Serum calcium levels
     D) Blood glucose levels

 

272. A nurse is administering atenolol to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following assessments is essential prior to administration?
     A) Heart rate
     B) Serum potassium level
     C) Blood glucose level
     D) Oxygen saturation level

 

273. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of levothyroxine. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the instructions?
     A) “I will take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.”
     B) “I should take the medication in the morning on an empty stomach.”
     C) “I can stop taking the medication once I feel better.”
     D) “I will take this medication at bedtime to help me sleep.”

 

274. A nurse is educating a patient on the use of tramadol for pain management. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) “This medication is safe to take with alcohol.”
     B) “You may experience drowsiness, so avoid driving while taking this medication.”
     C) “This medication can cause a rapid heart rate.”
     D) “It is safe to take additional doses if you are still in pain.”

 

275. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving lithium for bipolar disorder. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse educate the patient to report immediately?
     A) Increased thirst and urination
     B) Mild tremors in the hands
     C) Mild weight gain
     D) Nausea and vomiting

 

276. A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed enoxaparin. Which of the following is a priority nursing assessment for this patient?
     A) Assess for signs of bleeding
     B) Monitor for hypertension
     C) Check blood glucose levels
     D) Monitor respiratory rate

 

277. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed gabapentin for neuropathic pain. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Sedation
     B) Constipation
     C) Tachycardia
     D) Diarrhea

 

278. A nurse is educating a patient prescribed hydrocodone for severe pain. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) “You should take this medication with a full glass of water.”
     B) “This medication can cause constipation, so you should increase fiber in your diet.”
     C) “It is safe to take this medication with alcohol in moderation.”
     D) “You may experience increased energy while taking this medication.”

 

279. A nurse is caring for a patient with a prescription for celecoxib for osteoarthritis. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a potential adverse effect?
     A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
     B) Weight loss
     C) Increased urination
     D) Hyperglycemia

 

280. A nurse is administering morphine sulfate to a patient postoperatively. Which of the following should the nurse do to reduce the risk of respiratory depression?
     A) Administer the medication slowly over a longer period of time.
     B) Encourage the patient to breathe deeply every hour.
     C) Keep the patient in a side-lying position at all times.
     D) Increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate.

 

281. A nurse is teaching a patient with Parkinson’s disease about the use of levodopa. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the medication’s purpose?
     A) “This medication will cure my Parkinson’s disease.”
     B) “I should avoid eating foods rich in protein while taking this medication.”
     C) “This medication helps to manage my symptoms by increasing dopamine levels in the brain.”
     D) “I will take this medication only during times of high stress.”

 

282. A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
     A) Hypokalemia
     B) Hyperkalemia
     C) Hypercalcemia
     D) Hypoglycemia

 

283. A nurse is educating a patient on the use of alendronate for osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
     A) “You should take this medication with food to prevent upset stomach.”
     B) “Take this medication with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes.”
     C) “You may take this medication before bedtime.”
     D) “You should avoid drinking any fluids while taking this medication.”

 

284. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension who is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following is important to include in the education?
     A) “Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods while taking this medication.”
     B) “It is safe to take this medication with any over-the-counter medications.”
     C) “You can stop taking this medication once your blood pressure returns to normal.”
     D) “You should avoid drinking water while taking this medication.”

 

285. A nurse is educating a patient with type 2 diabetes about the use of glipizide. Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the medication’s action?
     A) “This medication works by stimulating my pancreas to release more insulin.”
     B) “I should take this medication with my evening meal for best results.”
     C) “This medication will help my body become more sensitive to insulin.”
     D) “I can skip a dose if I am not eating a meal.”

$9.99 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart