Anti-infective Drugs Practice Exam
Exam guidance :
Understand Core Concepts
- Mechanisms of Action: Study how anti-infective drugs work (e.g., bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic).
- Drug Classes: Familiarize yourself with antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics.
- Spectrum of Activity: Know the pathogens each drug class targets (e.g., Gram-positive, Gram-negative, fungi).
Learn Key Drugs and Their Uses
- Memorize common anti-infective agents (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides).
- Focus on indications, contraindications, and typical dosing regimens.
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
- Be aware of common and severe side effects (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity).
- Understand drug interactions, such as those with warfarin or oral contraceptives.
Resistance Mechanisms
- Study how pathogens develop resistance (e.g., MRSA, VRE).
- Learn about stewardship principles to prevent resistance.
Practice Calculations
- Work on dosage calculations, especially for pediatric or renal dosing adjustments.
Exam Strategy
- Practice Questions: Take mock exams or flashcard quizzes to identify weak areas.
- Eliminate Options: Use logic to rule out incorrect answers in multiple-choice questions.
- Time Management: Allocate time wisely during the exam.
Resources to Use
- Textbooks: Pharmacology books such as “Goodman & Gilman” or “Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology.”
- Online Platforms: Utilize websites or apps like Examsage.com for practice tests and explanations.
- Guidelines: Review treatment protocols like those from the CDC or WHO for anti-infective drugs.
By combining a structured study plan with focused practice, you’ll improve your understanding and performance in the Anti-infective Drugs Practice Exam.
Practice Questions and Answers for Anti-infective Drugs Exam
What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?
Answer: Beta-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and prevent the final step of cell wall assembly, causing cell lysis.
Explanation: Without a proper cell wall, bacteria cannot maintain their structural integrity and will burst due to osmotic pressure.
- Which of the following antibiotics is classified as a macrolide?
- A) Amoxicillin
- B) Azithromycin
- C) Ciprofloxacin
- D) Doxycycline
What is the primary use of fluoroquinolones?
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat fungal infections?
- A) Isoniazid
- B) Fluconazole
- C) Rifampin
- D) Metronidazole
- What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
Answer:
- Which of the following is a common side effect of aminoglycosides?
- A) Ototoxicity
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Hypertension
What is the first-line treatment for tuberculosis?
Ans:
What class of drugs does ciprofloxacin belong to?
Ans:
- Which of the following is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza?
- A) Acyclovir
- B) Oseltamivir
- C) Clindamycin
- D) Rifampin
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Ans:
- Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
- A) Cephalexin
- B) Vancomycin
- C) Penicillin
- D) Amoxicillin
What is the common side effect of nitrofurantoin in patients with impaired renal function?
Ans:
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat malaria?
- A) Metronidazole
- B) Quinine
- C) Azithromycin
- D) Rifampin
- Which of the following is a common side effect of antibiotics in the penicillin class?
- A) Hepatotoxicity
- B) Allergic reactions
- C) Cardiotoxicity
- D) Hematuria
- Which antibiotic is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- A) Amoxicillin
- B) Piperacillin
- C) Erythromycin
- D) Doxycycline
Answer:
- What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?
Answer:
- What type of infections are treated with doxycycline?
Answer:
- Which of the following is a common side effect of fluconazole?
- A) Diarrhea
- B) Hepatotoxicity
- C) Photosensitivity
- D) Tinnitus
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat a herpes simplex virus infection?
- A) Oseltamivir
- B) Acyclovir
- C) Azithromycin
- D) Rifampin
Answer:
- Which of the following antibiotics can be used to treat Clostridium difficile infection?
- A) Metronidazole
- B) Amoxicillin
- C) Vancomycin
- D) Penicillin
Answer:
- What class of drug is used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- A) Macrolides
- B) Antifungals
- C) Antituberculars
- D) Fluoroquinolones
Answer:
- What is a common adverse effect of rifampin?
- A) Hepatotoxicity
- B) Hypoglycemia
- C) Discoloration of urine
- D) Hypertension
Answer:
- Which of the following is used to treat infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
- A) Miconazole
- B) Metronidazole
- C) Fluconazole
- D) Clindamycin
Answer:
- What is the primary mechanism of action of quinolones?
Answer:
- Which antibiotic is effective against anaerobic bacteria?
- A) Penicillin
- B) Clindamycin
- C) Ciprofloxacin
- D) Azithromycin
Answer:
- Which of the following is used to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
- A) Penicillin
- B) Vancomycin
- C) Cephalexin
- D) Amoxicillin
Answer:
- Which antibiotic is known to cause photosensitivity?
- A) Tetracycline
- B) Penicillin
- C) Erythromycin
- D) Gentamicin
Answer:
- What is the primary use of albendazole?
Answer:
- Which class of antibiotics does azithromycin belong to?
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat infections caused by Candida species?
- A) Fluconazole
- B) Ciprofloxacin
- C) Rifampin
- D) Metronidazole
Answer:
- Which of the following is an adverse effect of sulfonamide antibiotics?
- A) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- B) Photosensitivity
- C) C. difficile infection
- D) Nephrotoxicity
Answer:
- Which antibiotic should be avoided during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects?
- A) Penicillin
- B) Tetracycline
- C) Amoxicillin
- D) Erythromycin
Answer:
- Which drug is used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli?
- A) Ciprofloxacin
- B) Amoxicillin
- C) Clindamycin
- D) Rifampin
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
- A) Ribavirin
- B) Acyclovir
- C) Amoxicillin
- D) Ceftriaxone
Answer:
- What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Answer:
- What is a potential side effect of using antibiotics like amoxicillin or penicillin?
- A) Diarrhea
- B) Hepatotoxicity
- C) Seizures
- D) Hallucinations
Answer: A) Diarrhea
Explanation:
- What is the action of the drug oseltamivir in the treatment of influenza?
Answer:
- Which of the following is used to treat a Giardia intestinal infection?
- A) Rifampin
- B) Metronidazole
- C) Miconazole
- D) Clindamycin
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is a nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infection?
- A) Zidovudine
- B) Rifampin
- C) Isoniazid
- D) Cefazolin
Answer:
- What is the most common adverse effect of the antibiotic clindamycin?
- A) C. difficile-associated diarrhea
- B) Photosensitivity
- C) Ototoxicity
- D) Hypotension
Answer:
- Which of the following antifungal agents is used topically for fungal infections of the skin?
- A) Ketoconazole
- B) Griseofulvin
- C) Amphotericin B
- D) Terbinafine
Answer:
- What is the primary action of zidovudine in the treatment of HIV?
Answer:
- Which of the following is an example of a broad-spectrum antibiotic?
- A) Penicillin
- B) Ciprofloxacin
- C) Cephalexin
- D) Erythromycin
Answer:
- Which of the following medications can cause “red man syndrome”?
- A) Rifampin
- B) Vancomycin
- C) Clindamycin
- D) Amoxicillin
Answer:
- Which class of drugs is used to treat fungal infections like ringworm and athlete’s foot?
- A) Macrolides
- B) Antifungals (Azoles, Allylamines)
- C) Tetracyclines
- D) Antivirals
Answer:
- What is the mechanism of action of itraconazole?
Answer:
- Which of the following is a common side effect of rifampin?
- A) Hypoglycemia
- B) Red-orange discoloration of urine
- C) Hyperkalemia
- D) Photosensitivity
Answer: B)
- Which of the following antiviral drugs is used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections?
- A) Acyclovir
- B) Valacyclovir
- C) Ganciclovir
- D) Oseltamivir
Answer:
- Which of the following antibiotics is considered a “last-line” treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
- A) Isoniazid
- B) Rifampin
- C) Linezolid
- D) Ethambutol
Answer:
- What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole in treating anaerobic infections?
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is used as a prophylactic treatment for malaria in travelers?
- A) Albendazole
- B) Hydroxychloroquine
- C) Rifampin
- D) Nitrofurantoin
Answer:
- Which antibiotic is commonly used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
- A) Amoxicillin
- B) Vancomycin
- C) Linezolid
- D) Doxycycline
Answer:
- Which of the following medications is used to treat cryptococcal meningitis?
- A) Fluconazole
- B) Rifampin
- C) Clindamycin
- D) Acyclovir
Answer:
- What class of drug is used for the treatment of HIV and works by inhibiting the integrase enzyme?
- A) Protease inhibitors
- B) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- C) Integrase inhibitors
- D) Fusion inhibitors
Answer:
- What is the primary action of penicillin antibiotics?
Answer:
- Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term use of corticosteroids in treating infections?
- A) Immunosuppression
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Hypertension
- Which of the following antibiotics is effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?
- A) Vancomycin
- B) Ceftriaxone
- C) Penicillin
- D) Tetracycline
Answer:
- Which of the following drugs is used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in HIV patients?
- A) Azithromycin
- B) Levofloxacin
- C) Rifampin
- D) Isoniazid
Answer:
- Which of the following is an example of an antivirals for treating influenza A and B?
- A) Oseltamivir
- B) Ganciclovir
- C) Acyclovir
- D) Amantadine
Answer:
- What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal drug amphotericin B?
Answer:
- Which of the following antibiotics is used primarily to treat Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)?
- A) Vancomycin
- B) Amoxicillin
- C) Erythromycin
- D) Levofloxacin
- Which of the following is an important side effect of using tetracyclines in children?
- A) Tooth discoloration
- B) Nephrotoxicity
- C) Seizures
- D) Liver toxicity
- Which of the following is the first-line treatment for latent tuberculosis infection?
- A) Rifampin
- B) Isoniazid
- C) Pyrazinamide
- D) Ethambutol
- Which of the following medications is most commonly used for the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles)?
- A) Acyclovir
- B) Methotrexate
- C) Oseltamivir
- D) Rifampin
- Which of the following is an example of a second-generation cephalosporin?
- A) Cefepime
- B) Cefuroxime
- C) Ceftriaxone
- D) Cephalexin