GRE (Graduate Record Examination) Practice Exam
These questions cover a mix of verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills. These questions should help you keep building your GRE skills.
- What is the primary purpose of the passage?
- A) To present a new theory
- B) To compare opposing viewpoints
- C) To summarize previous research
- D) To provide an overview of a topic
- Which of the following is most nearly the opposite of “exacerbate”?
- A) Intensify
- B) Alleviate
- C) Complicate
- D) Eliminate
- What is the author’s tone in the passage?
- A) Critical
- B) Humorous
- C) Objective
- D) Defensive
- If “pseudonym” means a fictitious name, what does “pen name” mean?
- A) A nickname used by an author
- B) A name given by parents
- C) An alias for a politician
- D) A name used in a play
- Choose the word that is most similar in meaning to “equivocal”.
- A) Clear
- B) Ambiguous
- C) Definite
- D) Honest
- Which sentence best completes the passage?
- “Despite her skepticism, she was ___________ by the compelling evidence presented at the conference.”
- A) buoyed
- B) unmoved
- C) overwhelmed
- D) disillusioned
- Which statement is true according to the passage?
- A) The author believes the results are inconclusive.
- B) The research supports the new hypothesis.
- C) The study was limited in its scope.
- D) Data analysis was flawed.
- What does the author mean by “dichotomy”?
- A) A solution
- B) A division into two opposing parts
- C) An explanation
- D) A challenge
- Select the phrase that best fits the following sentence: “His speech was filled with _______ that confused even the most learned attendees.”
- A) clarity
- B) jargon
- C) enthusiasm
- D) poise
- Which of the following would be an example of a “fallacy”?
- A) A fact supported by multiple sources
- B) An illogical argument
- C) A balanced discussion
- D) A clear hypothesis
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- What is the value of x if 2x + 3 = 7?
- A) 2
- B) 1
- C) 3
- D) 4
- A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is its area?
- A) 15 cm²
- B) 50 cm²
- C) 25 cm²
- D) 5 cm²
- The average of five consecutive numbers is 15. What is the largest of these numbers?
- A) 16
- B) 18
- C) 17
- D) 20
- If 3x – 4 = 8, what is the value of 2x?
- A) 5
- B) 8
- C) 6
- D) 4
- A train travels at a speed of 60 km/h. How long will it take to travel 150 km?
- A) 1.5 hours
- B) 2.5 hours
- C) 3 hours
- D) 4 hours
- If the perimeter of a square is 36 cm, what is the length of one side?
- A) 6 cm
- B) 9 cm
- C) 12 cm
- D) 18 cm
- A store offers a 10% discount on an item originally priced at $200. What is the sale price?
- A) $180
- B) $190
- C) $200
- D) $210
- What is the probability of rolling a sum of 7 with two fair dice?
- A) 1/12
- B) 1/6
- C) 1/8
- D) 1/36
- If the length of one side of a cube is doubled, what is the factor by which the volume increases?
- A) 2
- B) 4
- C) 6
- D) 8
- What is the next term in the sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16, …?
- A) 18
- B) 20
- C) 24
- D) 32
Analytical Writing Questions
- Which of the following would strengthen the argument in the passage?
- A) Including a counterpoint
- B) Providing historical data
- C) Presenting unrelated statistics
- D) Using personal anecdotes
- What is the flaw in this argument: “All dogs are mammals, and my pet is a mammal; therefore, my pet is a dog.”?
- A) It assumes that all mammals are dogs.
- B) It fails to define “mammal.”
- C) It relies on an unrelated comparison.
- D) It is based on faulty premises.
- If the author argues that “investing in technology leads to better educational outcomes,” which of the following would weaken this claim?
- A) Studies showing improved test scores with new technology
- B) Research indicating high costs and low long-term benefits
- C) Data on better teacher training programs
- D) Surveys of students’ opinions about tech use
- What is the best way to refute a claim that “a college degree guarantees a high-paying job”?
- A) Pointing out that some jobs do not require a degree
- B) Demonstrating that most college graduates earn high salaries
- C) Claiming that the job market is always stable
- D) Discussing the benefits of higher education in general
- When planning an argument essay, which of the following should be included?
- A) Emotional appeals
- B) Personal stories only
- C) Clear evidence and logical reasoning
- D) Only expert opinions
- Which of the following is an antonym of “mundane”?
- A) Ordinary
- B) Unremarkable
- C) Extraordinary
- D) Typical
- What is the meaning of the phrase “a double-edged sword”?
- A) A dangerous but necessary tool
- B) A weapon with two sharp edges
- C) A decision or action that has both positive and negative consequences
- D) A situation that is difficult to resolve
- Select the sentence that best summarizes the passage:
- A) The passage discusses a new scientific discovery.
- B) The author defends a particular stance on a social issue.
- C) The passage highlights contrasting views without a clear conclusion.
- D) The author’s opinion is supported by historical evidence.
- Which of the following best completes the sentence? “The researcher’s findings were ________ by the subsequent studies, indicating that the original conclusions were ________.”
- A) confirmed, accurate
- B) challenged, flawed
- C) ignored, insignificant
- D) supported, misleading
- Choose the most appropriate definition for the word “sanction”:
- A) To approve or permit
- B) To penalize or punish
- C) A recommendation
- D) An order or directive
- What does the phrase “without a shadow of a doubt” mean?
- A) With a hint of uncertainty
- B) With complete certainty
- C) In an ambiguous way
- D) Under difficult circumstances
- Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument?
- A) The argument is based on scientific evidence.
- B) If one condition is true, another will follow.
- C) The data provided is incorrect.
- D) The conclusion is supported by counterexamples.
- Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
- A) The author believes that change is essential.
- B) The passage suggests that progress has been hindered.
- C) The main idea is that traditional methods are effective.
- D) The author supports revolutionary ideas.
- What is the tone of the author in the following sentence: “The policies, while well-intentioned, failed to address the root of the problem.”?
- A) Neutral
- B) Critical
- C) Supportive
- D) Enthusiastic
- Choose the word that best fits in the blank: “Her ________ attitude often made her unpopular among her peers.”
- A) optimistic
- B) pessimistic
- C) aloof
- D) friendly
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- What is the value of x if 4x + 7 = 19?
- A) 2
- B) 3
- C) 4
- D) 5
- A car travels 300 miles at an average speed of 60 miles per hour. How long does the journey take?
- A) 2 hours
- B) 3 hours
- C) 5 hours
- D) 6 hours
- A store sells a shirt for $60, offering a 20% discount. What is the discounted price?
- A) $48
- B) $50
- C) $52
- D) $58
- If a right triangle has one leg of length 3 cm and the hypotenuse of length 5 cm, what is the length of the other leg?
- A) 2 cm
- B) 4 cm
- C) 6 cm
- D) 7 cm
- The mean of 10 numbers is 12. If one number, 15, is replaced by 18, what is the new mean?
- A) 12.2
- B) 12.4
- C) 12.5
- D) 12.8
- A rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm. If both the length and width are increased by 50%, what is the new area?
- A) 60 cm²
- B) 75 cm²
- C) 80 cm²
- D) 90 cm²
- How many different 3-digit numbers can be formed using the digits 2, 4, and 6, with no repetition?
- A) 3
- B) 6
- C) 9
- D) 12
- What is the solution to the inequality 2x – 3 > 7?
- A) x > 2
- B) x > 5
- C) x > 3
- D) x > 4
- If a circular pool has a diameter of 10 meters, what is its circumference? (Use π ≈ 3.14)
- A) 10π meters
- B) 20π meters
- C) 31.4 meters
- D) 50 meters
- A company sells its product at $150 each and offers a 15% discount. What is the price after the discount?
- A) $127.50
- B) $135
- C) $145
- D) $150
- Which of the following best describes the reasoning flaw in this argument? “If crime rates rise in a neighborhood, then the presence of security cameras must be the reason.”
- A) It assumes causation from correlation.
- B) It provides too much statistical data.
- C) It includes contradictory statements.
- D) It states an obvious fact.
- Which of these statements best refutes the argument “A rise in consumer spending is always beneficial for the economy”?
- A) “Consumer spending can increase in an economy that is not growing.”
- B) “The economy benefits only when savings are high.”
- C) “Not all spending creates value for the economy.”
- D) “Consumer spending leads to higher employment rates.”
- What is an example of a counter-argument?
- A) Stating the benefits of a new policy
- B) Presenting the opposing viewpoint with evidence
- C) Summarizing the main idea
- D) Agreeing with the given argument
- Which of the following would strengthen the argument “Investing in public transportation improves air quality”?
- A) Showing statistics on reduced vehicle emissions
- B) Presenting a study on economic benefits
- C) Mentioning the number of people using public transit
- D) Reporting on traffic congestion levels
- What type of evidence is most persuasive in an argument?
- A) Anecdotal evidence
- B) Expert testimony
- C) Popular opinion
- D) Unrelated statistics
- If the sum of two consecutive integers is 45, what is the smaller integer?
- A) 21
- B) 22
- C) 23
- D) 24
- A train travels 180 km at an average speed of 60 km/h. How long will it take to complete the journey?
- A) 2 hours
- B) 3 hours
- C) 4 hours
- D) 5 hours
- If the area of a triangle is 48 cm² and its base is 6 cm, what is the height?
- A) 4 cm
- B) 6 cm
- C) 8 cm
- D) 12 cm
- What is the value of x if 5x + 2 = 3x + 8?
- A) 1
- B) 2
- C) 3
- D) 4
- A store sells three types of widgets at prices of $5, $7, and $10. If a customer buys 2 of each type, what is the total cost?
- A) $28
- B) $30
- C) $32
- D) $34
- The ratio of the lengths of the sides of a right triangle is 3:4:5. If the shortest side is 12 cm, what is the length of the hypotenuse?
- A) 15 cm
- B) 16 cm
- C) 18 cm
- D) 20 cm
- What is the area of a circle with a radius of 7 cm? (Use π ≈ 3.14)
- A) 49π cm²
- B) 154 cm²
- C) 154π cm²
- D) 21 cm²
- The total cost C (in dollars) of x items at $4 each and y items at $5 each can be represented by which of the following?
- A) C = 4x + 5y
- B) C = 5x + 4y
- C) C = 4x + y
- D) C = 5x + 2y
- If a bus leaves at 10:30 AM and arrives at 2:15 PM, how long is the bus ride?
- A) 3 hours and 45 minutes
- B) 3 hours and 15 minutes
- C) 3 hours and 30 minutes
- D) 4 hours
- What is the probability of drawing an Ace from a standard deck of 52 cards?
- A) 1/13
- B) 1/26
- C) 1/52
- D) 4/52
Analytical Writing Questions
- Which of the following best strengthens the argument: “The best way to improve productivity in the workplace is by allowing employees more autonomy”?
- A) Evidence showing how strict oversight improves productivity.
- B) Case studies of businesses that flourished when employees were given more freedom.
- C) Data showing that all workplaces are different.
- D) Testimonials from employees who prefer more structure.
- What flaw is present in this argument: “All successful companies are led by charismatic CEOs, so hiring a charismatic leader is the key to success”?
- A) It assumes causation from correlation.
- B) It uses too much statistical evidence.
- C) It is based on anecdotal evidence.
- D) It is overly generalized.
- Which of the following would be the strongest counterpoint to the argument that “Technology always improves education”?
- A) Technology is expensive and may not be available to all students.
- B) Students prefer traditional learning methods.
- C) Educators are resistant to change.
- D) Schools already use too much technology.
- What is the best approach to refuting the claim “Reading is the most important skill a person can have”?
- A) Emphasizing the role of other skills, such as critical thinking and social skills.
- B) Showing statistics on reading comprehension.
- C) Arguing that reading has limited value in certain careers.
- D) Providing examples of successful people who did not read much.
- Which of the following is an effective way to organize an argument essay?
- A) Starting with a personal anecdote, followed by evidence, then a counterargument, and concluding with a summary.
- B) Stating the argument, giving examples, providing a counterargument, and ending with a restatement of the main point.
- C) Listing the benefits and drawbacks without presenting a clear thesis.
- D) Presenting evidence before stating the main argument.
- Which of the following most closely matches the meaning of “bellicose”?
- A) Peaceful
- B) Hostile
- C) Generous
- D) Neutral
- Select the sentence that best expresses the main idea of the passage:
- A) The author explains how economic policies affect the job market.
- B) The passage outlines various historical events.
- C) The author argues that modern technology has improved our lives.
- D) The passage discusses conflicting opinions about a social issue.
- What is the most accurate definition of “recalcitrant”?
- A) Cooperative
- B) Stubbornly disobedient
- C) Intelligent
- D) Enthusiastic
- Which of the following is the best summary of the passage?
- A) A description of recent scientific discoveries
- B) A critical examination of economic trends
- C) A detailed account of a historical event
- D) A generalization about the effectiveness of a policy
- What is the most suitable word to complete the sentence: “The politician’s ________ response failed to reassure the public.”
- A) heartfelt
- B) evasive
- C) definitive
- D) honest
- Which of the following sentences contains a logical fallacy?
- A) “Since most people agree with the policy, it must be right.”
- B) “The policy has been effective in the past, so it will work again.”
- C) “The study shows the policy reduces unemployment.”
- D) “The policy is popular among voters.”
- Select the correct meaning of “vindicate” in the sentence: “The evidence helped to vindicate the scientist’s theory.”
- A) To disprove
- B) To confirm
- C) To weaken
- D) To criticize
- Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The author’s work is ________ by its ability to inspire and challenge readers.”
- A) characterized
- B) diminished
- C) criticized
- D) regarded
- What does the phrase “to throw caution to the wind” mean?
- A) To be very careful
- B) To act without concern for potential risks
- C) To start something cautiously
- D) To take preventive measures
- Which of the following words means “to shorten”?
- A) Amplify
- B) Curtail
- C) Expand
- D) Lengthen
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- A box contains 4 red balls, 6 blue balls, and 10 green balls. What is the probability of picking a red ball?
- A) 1/2
- B) 1/5
- C) 1/10
- D) 4/20
- If a company’s revenue in year 1 was $10,000 and it increased by 15% each year, what was the revenue in year 3?
- A) $11,500
- B) $13,500
- C) $13,775
- D) $15,000
- Solve for x: 2x + 3 = 7x – 12.
- A) -3
- B) 3
- C) 5
- D) 15
- A recipe calls for 3 cups of flour to make 12 muffins. How many cups are needed to make 30 muffins?
- A) 6 cups
- B) 7.5 cups
- C) 8 cups
- D) 10 cups
- If a car depreciates in value at a rate of 10% per year and its current value is $20,000, what will its value be after 2 years?
- A) $16,800
- B) $18,000
- C) $19,000
- D) $20,000
- What is the value of x in the equation 3x + 4 = 2x + 12?
- A) 2
- B) 4
- C) 8
- D) 10
- A store sells an item for $120 with a profit margin of 20%. What was the cost of the item?
- A) $96
- B) $100
- C) $104
- D) $108
- What is the area of a trapezoid with bases of 5 cm and 7 cm and a height of 4 cm?
- A) 20 cm²
- B) 24 cm²
- C) 26 cm²
- D) 30 cm²
- The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 1,260°. How many sides does the polygon have?
- A) 7
- B) 9
- C) 10
- D) 12
- If the perimeter of a square is 36 cm, what is the length of one side?
- A) 6 cm
- B) 8 cm
- C) 9 cm
- D) 12 cm
Analytical Writing Questions
- Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-supported argument?
- A) It only presents the author’s opinion without outside evidence.
- B) It uses only one type of evidence, such as statistics.
- C) It provides multiple types of evidence and analysis to support the claim.
- D) It avoids addressing any opposing viewpoints.
- What is an effective strategy for concluding an analytical essay?
- A) Summarizing the main points without any new insight.
- B) Restating the thesis in a new way and emphasizing its significance.
- C) Introducing a completely unrelated topic for further thought.
- D) Presenting a new argument to shift the focus.
- What is the primary role of a counterargument?
- A) To support the main thesis with more evidence.
- B) To acknowledge and respond to opposing views.
- C) To summarize the entire argument.
- D) To state the main idea without supporting evidence.
- Which of the following is true of a strong example in an argument?
- A) It is based on personal opinion.
- B) It is detailed and directly related to the point being made.
- C) It is unrelated to the topic.
- D) It only provides general information.
- What type of evidence is most effective in convincing a reader? – A) Randomly chosen statistics that seem impressive. – B) Clear and relevant examples from credible sources. – C) Repetitive anecdotes. – D) Generalizations without specific details. –
- What is the most accurate meaning of “inscrutable”? – A) Easy to understand – B) Mysterious or difficult to interpret – C) Well-explained – D) Simple –
- Which of the following most accurately describes the tone of the passage? – A) Celebratory – B) Skeptical – C) Indifferent – D) Authoritative –
- If “prolific” means “producing many works,” which of the following is the best synonym? – A) Inactive – B) Fruitful – C) Weak – D) Diligent –
- What does the term “anomaly” mean as used in the following sentence: “The sudden increase in sales was an anomaly in an otherwise stable market”? – A) Predictable outcome – B) Unusual occurrence – C) Common trend – D) Minor change –
- Which of the following best describes the author’s main claim in the passage? – A) That the new technology is ineffective – B) That existing systems should be completely replaced – C) That the new technology has advantages but should be used cautiously – D) That the new technology is perfect and requires no improvement –
- What is the best word to complete the following sentence: “The scientist’s ________ approach led to groundbreaking discoveries.” – A) rigid – B) innovative – C) predictable – D) cautious –
- Choose the sentence that is most logically consistent with the passage: – A) “The author believes that the policy will be ineffective.” – B) “The author concludes that the policy is a step forward but has flaws.” – C) “The author believes that the policy is the only option.” – D) “The author states that the policy has no drawbacks.” –
- Which of the following best describes the relationship between the two paragraphs? – A) The second paragraph provides an example that supports the first. – B) The second paragraph contradicts the first. – C) The second paragraph offers an unrelated topic. – D) The second paragraph summarizes the first. –
- Choose the word that most closely matches the meaning of “sophisticated.” – A) Naive – B) Complex – C) Outdated – D) Basic –
- What is the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: “The new policy was implemented without proper ________ from experts.” – A) consultation – B) objection – C) celebration – D) implementation –
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- What is the value of x in the equation 4x – 7 = 2x + 3? – A) -5 – B) 5 – C) 10 – D) 7 –
- If 3a + 2b = 30 and a – b = 4, what is the value of a + b? – A) 5 – B) 8 – C) 10 – D) 12 –
- A store is offering a 25% discount on a $200 item. What is the sale price? – A) $150 – B) $160 – C) $175 – D) $180 –
- What is the median of the following data set: 3, 8, 5, 12, 6? – A) 3 – B) 5 – C) 6 – D) 8 –
- The area of a circle is given by the formula A=πr2A = \pi r^2A=πr2. If the area is 36π, what is the radius? – A) 3 – B) 4 – C) 6 – D) 9 –
- A train travels at a speed of 60 km/h. How far will it travel in 3.5 hours? – A) 180 km – B) 190 km – C) 200 km – D) 210 km –
- If the total cost of 5 pencils and 3 erasers is $2.60, and each pencil costs $0.40, what is the price of one eraser? – A) $0.30 – B) $0.50 – C) $0.60 – D) $0.70 –
- If a rectangular garden has a length of 10 meters and a width of 4 meters, what is the perimeter of the garden? – A) 14 meters – B) 28 meters – C) 40 meters – D) 24 meters –
- The ratio of the ages of two siblings is 4:5. If the older sibling is 20 years old, how old is the younger sibling? – A) 16 years – B) 18 years – C) 12 years – D) 15 years –
- The average of 10 consecutive even numbers is 30. What is the smallest number in the set? – A) 20 – B) 22 – C) 25 – D) 28 –
Analytical Writing Questions
- Which of the following strategies can help strengthen an argument in an analytical essay? – A) Using a variety of evidence, including statistics, examples, and expert opinions. – B) Relying on personal anecdotes only. – C) Avoiding any counterpoints to the main argument. – D) Using overly technical language to impress the reader. –
- What is the purpose of the introduction in an analytical essay? – A) To present the thesis statement and preview the main points. – B) To summarize the conclusion. – C) To provide unrelated background information. – D) To introduce a new argument that contradicts the thesis. –
- Which of the following is a common mistake to avoid when writing an analytical essay? – A) Including evidence that supports the thesis. – B) Writing clear and concise paragraphs. – C) Repeating the same evidence multiple times. – D) Addressing the counterargument. –
- What should be the focus of the conclusion in an analytical essay? – A) Introducing new examples to support the argument. – B) Summarizing the main points and restating the thesis in a new way. – C) Providing a detailed analysis of one main point. – D) Asking the reader to perform an action. –
- What is a critical component of an effective counterargument? – A) Presenting only the author’s perspective. – B) Acknowledging the opposing view and refuting it with evidence. – C) Ignoring other viewpoints. – D) Simply stating that the opposing view is incorrect. –
GRE analytical writing essay questions
Analytical Writing Questions & Sample Responses
1. Essay Topic:
“The following appeared in a memo from the director of a manufacturing company: ‘Our company has been experiencing a decline in production over the past year. To address this issue, we need to hire more employees. Research has shown that companies with larger workforces tend to be more productive. Therefore, by increasing our workforce, we can expect an increase in production.’
Critique the argument presented in the memo. What assumptions does the argument make? Are there other factors that should be considered?
Sample Response: The argument presented in the memo makes the assumption that simply increasing the number of employees will result in increased productivity. While it is true that a larger workforce can lead to higher production, the argument fails to consider several critical factors that could affect the outcome. First, the quality of the employees and their training levels play a crucial role in productivity. Hiring more employees without ensuring they have the skills required for the job may lead to inefficiencies or even a decline in productivity. Additionally, the argument assumes that the current workforce is underutilized and that more employees would fill this gap. However, it does not address potential operational issues such as outdated equipment, inadequate management strategies, or inefficient workflow processes. Without addressing these factors, simply increasing the workforce may not lead to the desired increase in production. Moreover, there is no mention of cost implications; hiring additional employees could significantly impact the company’s budget, especially if productivity does not improve as anticipated. Finally, the memo fails to take into account potential diminishing returns—after a certain point, adding more employees may not contribute proportionately to production increases. Therefore, while hiring more employees may seem like a logical solution, the argument lacks sufficient evidence and fails to consider important variables that could affect its effectiveness.*
2. Essay Topic:
“The following is an excerpt from a book review: ‘The author’s latest novel is a captivating tale of resilience and hope in the face of adversity. Unlike the author’s previous works, which focused on superficial themes, this book delves into the deeper aspects of human nature, exploring the emotional and psychological challenges that the characters face. Readers will find this work to be both engaging and thought-provoking.’
Evaluate the effectiveness of the book review. Does it provide enough evidence for the claims it makes?
Sample Response: The book review presents an overall positive assessment of the author’s latest novel, highlighting its deeper thematic focus and emotional complexity. However, the review lacks sufficient evidence to substantiate its claims. The statement that the novel “delves into the deeper aspects of human nature” is strong but remains vague without specific examples of themes or events that support this assertion. Additionally, the claim that this book is different from the author’s previous works in focusing on more profound themes is compelling but not backed up with concrete comparisons. To strengthen the review, it would be helpful to cite examples of particular scenes or character development that illustrate the psychological challenges mentioned. Furthermore, the phrase “engaging and thought-provoking” is subjective and does not offer any context or support for why the novel succeeds in these areas. Including brief quotations or summaries of key passages would make the review more persuasive. While the review effectively conveys enthusiasm for the book, it falls short of providing a comprehensive analysis that readers would need to make an informed decision about whether to read it.*
3. Essay Topic:
“The following argument was made by a local government official: ‘The city has seen an increase in traffic congestion, which is negatively impacting the quality of life of its residents. To address this issue, we plan to expand the public transportation system by adding new bus routes and train lines. This expansion will help reduce the number of cars on the road and improve overall traffic flow.’
Critique the argument, considering the evidence provided and any additional factors that should be taken into account.
Sample Response: The argument put forth by the local government official suggests that expanding public transportation will alleviate traffic congestion and improve residents’ quality of life. While this may be a reasonable solution, there are several weaknesses in the argument that need to be addressed. First, the argument assumes that people will choose public transportation over driving if new routes and train lines are introduced. However, there is no evidence provided to support this assumption. Factors such as the convenience, affordability, and reliability of public transportation options must be taken into account. If the new systems are not well-integrated or fail to meet the needs of commuters, they may not result in a significant reduction in the number of cars on the road.
Additionally, the argument does not consider the potential costs associated with expanding the public transportation system. The initial investment and ongoing maintenance could be substantial, and it is important to evaluate whether the budget for this project could be better allocated to other initiatives aimed at reducing traffic, such as road improvements, carpooling incentives, or flexible work hours. Moreover, the expansion plan does not take into account the possibility of increased demand leading to overcrowded buses and trains, which could deter people from using public transit.
Lastly, the argument overlooks other possible contributing factors to traffic congestion, such as inadequate traffic management, poor urban planning, and population growth. Addressing these factors in addition to expanding public transportation could result in a more comprehensive and effective solution. Overall, while expanding the public transportation system may be beneficial, the argument would be stronger if it provided evidence for its assumptions and considered alternative or complementary approaches.*
4. Essay Topic:
“The following was a statement from a university’s administration: ‘To enhance the learning experience of our students, we are considering implementing a new policy that allows students to take an additional elective course each semester, free of charge. This will increase their exposure to different subjects and help them become more well-rounded individuals.’
Analyze the potential benefits and drawbacks of this policy.
Sample Response: The university’s proposed policy of allowing students to take an additional elective course free of charge could have several positive impacts. For one, it could enhance students’ educational experience by providing them with the opportunity to explore diverse fields of study, fostering a well-rounded academic background. This could be particularly beneficial for students who are undecided about their major or who wish to develop interdisciplinary skills that may improve their career prospects. Additionally, the policy may help students discover new interests and talents, contributing to greater academic satisfaction and personal growth.
However, there are also potential drawbacks to this policy that should be considered. One significant concern is the possible strain on the university’s resources. Offering additional courses at no cost could lead to overcrowded classes, reduced access to popular electives, and increased pressure on faculty. This may negatively impact the quality of education and the ability of students to engage meaningfully with the material. Furthermore, some students may take advantage of the free courses without genuinely committing to learning, which could diminish the value of the program. Finally, the policy could result in a financial burden on the university if it leads to higher administrative costs and resource allocation issues.
Overall, while the policy has the potential to enrich the student experience and promote a well-rounded education, it would be prudent for the university to carefully assess its capacity to implement this change effectively and consider potential adjustments to maintain educational quality and sustainability.*
- What is the meaning of the word “profound”?
- A) Superficial
- B) Deep and meaningful
- C) Unclear
- D) Unimportant
- In the context of the passage, the term “equivocal” most likely means:
- A) Clear and obvious
- B) Ambiguous and uncertain
- C) Strong and certain
- D) Easy to understand
- Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The research findings were ______, challenging the widely accepted theory.”
- A) inconclusive
- B) definitive
- C) controversial
- D) unrelated
- Which of the following sentences is the most logical continuation of the paragraph?
- A) “This could be seen as a direct contradiction to the main thesis.”
- B) “The study, however, did not account for external variables.”
- C) “This is supported by the works of numerous scholars.”
- D) “Given these results, the argument stands stronger than ever.”
- What is the primary purpose of the author’s argument in the passage?
- A) To highlight the flaws of the current theory
- B) To introduce a new model that simplifies the existing data
- C) To provide an exhaustive analysis of the topic
- D) To compare two opposing viewpoints
- If “mitigate” means “to make less severe,” which of the following is a synonym?
- A) Intensify
- B) Alleviate
- C) Exacerbate
- D) Ignore
- Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
- A) Critical
- B) Optimistic
- C) Neutral
- D) Defensive
- The author most likely believes that:
- A) Current solutions are sufficient and do not need any changes.
- B) Further investigation is necessary to confirm the hypothesis.
- C) The implications of the findings are overstated.
- D) The new approach could be revolutionary.
- Which of the following sentences contains a logical flaw?
- A) “If A leads to B, and B leads to C, then A must lead to C.”
- B) “If a person reads more books, their intelligence increases.”
- C) “All dogs are mammals, so all mammals are dogs.”
- D) “All students who study pass the exam, so studying guarantees a passing grade.”
- In the passage, the phrase “a double-edged sword” refers to:
- A) A tool used for precise cutting
- B) Something with both positive and negative consequences
- C) A beneficial outcome that is not anticipated
- D) An issue that can be easily solved
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- If the area of a rectangle is 48 square units and the length is 8 units, what is the width?
- A) 6 units
- B) 4 units
- C) 12 units
- D) 8 units
- A store sells a product for $50 after a 20% discount. What was the original price of the product?
- A) $40
- B) $60
- C) $65
- D) $70
- What is the value of x in the equation 2x + 3 = 11?
- A) 2
- B) 4
- C) 5
- D) 7
- A car travels 180 miles in 3 hours. What is its average speed in miles per hour?
- A) 50 mph
- B) 55 mph
- C) 60 mph
- D) 65 mph
- The mean of five numbers is 12. If four of the numbers are 8, 10, 14, and 16, what is the fifth number?
- A) 12
- B) 15
- C) 18
- D) 20
- What is the value of 3x + 2y if x = 4 and y = 6?
- A) 14
- B) 20
- C) 24
- D) 26
- If 5x = 25, what is the value of x?
- A) 2
- B) 3
- C) 4
- D) 5
- A train departs from a station at 2:30 PM and arrives at its destination at 5:15 PM. How long is the train journey?
- A) 2 hours and 15 minutes
- B) 2 hours and 45 minutes
- C) 3 hours and 15 minutes
- D) 3 hours and 45 minutes
- The price of a product is increased by 25%, and then decreased by 20%. If the original price was $100, what is the final price?
- A) $85
- B) $90
- C) $95
- D) $100
- A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2 green balls. If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is blue?
- A) 1/3
- B) 1/4
- C) 1/2
- D) 1/10
- What is the slope of the line given by the equation 3x – 2y = 6?
- A) -3/2
- B) 3/2
- C) -2/3
- D) 2/3
- If a square has a side length of 5 units, what is its perimeter?
- A) 10 units
- B) 15 units
- C) 20 units
- D) 25 units
- What is the value of 2^3 + 4^2?
- A) 16
- B) 24
- C) 28
- D) 32
- A store buys a jacket at $80 and marks it up by 30%. What is the selling price?
- A) $88
- B) $104
- C) $110
- D) $120
- A group of 15 students has an average score of 80. If 5 new students join the group with an average score of 90, what is the new average?
- A) 81
- B) 82
- C) 83
- D) 84
- Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The scientist was ______ by the unexpected results of the experiment.”
- A) shocked
- B) pleased
- C) confused
- D) inspired
- The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as:
- A) Humorous
- B) Critical
- C) Neutral
- D) Skeptical
- Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?
- A) The author’s argument is supported by strong evidence.
- B) The author refutes common misconceptions.
- C) The author presents a novel perspective on a well-known issue.
- D) The author highlights a problem and suggests potential solutions.
- The term “paradox” most nearly means:
- A) Contradiction
- B) Clarity
- C) Simplicity
- D) Irrelevance
- In the context of the passage, the phrase “a slippery slope” most likely means:
- A) A gradual decline in quality
- B) An unavoidable path leading to undesirable outcomes
- C) An easy way to reach an objective
- D) A method that produces consistent results
- Which of the following statements is most likely true based on the passage?
- A) The author prefers not to take sides in the debate.
- B) The topic is one that has been heavily debated.
- C) The author supports the main argument without question.
- D) The author’s argument is based on personal anecdotes.
- Which of the following best explains the use of evidence in the passage?
- A) To support a counterargument
- B) To create a persuasive argument
- C) To prove the author’s personal viewpoint
- D) To summarize previous research
- What does the word “candid” most likely mean?
- A) Honest and straightforward
- B) Reserved and quiet
- C) Hesitant
- D) Untrustworthy
- The author’s use of the word “quintessential” suggests that:
- A) The example is the best representation of its type
- B) The example is one of many similar examples
- C) The example is not representative of its type
- D) The example is controversial
- Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?
- A) The second paragraph expands on the main point made in the first.
- B) The second paragraph refutes the main point made in the first.
- C) The second paragraph introduces a new topic.
- D) The second paragraph summarizes the first.
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- If a circle has a radius of 7 units, what is its area? (Use π ≈ 3.14)
- A) 49π
- B) 154 square units
- C) 100 square units
- D) 22 square units
- (Area = π × r² = 3.14 × 7² = 3.14 × 49 ≈ 154)
- A store offers a 15% discount on a $200 item. What is the sale price of the item?
- A) $170
- B) $180
- C) $185
- D) $190
- (Discount = 200 × 0.15 = 30; Sale price = 200 – 30 = 170)
- What is the value of x in the equation 3x – 5 = 16?
- A) 5
- B) 7
- C) 10
- D) 15
- (3x – 5 = 16 → 3x = 21 → x = 7)
- If 4y = 24, what is the value of y?
- A) 2
- B) 3
- C) 4
- D) 6
- (4y = 24 → y = 24/4 = 6)
- A group of 12 friends splits a $60 bill evenly. How much does each person pay?
- A) $4
- B) $5
- C) $6
- D) $7
- ($60 ÷ 12 = $5)
- What is the median of the following set of numbers: 2, 7, 9, 15, 18?
- A) 7
- B) 9
- C) 10
- D) 15
- (Median is the middle number in an ordered set.)
- If a triangle has two sides of length 5 and 12, what is the length of the hypotenuse?
- A) 7
- B) 10
- C) 13
- D) 15
- (Using the Pythagorean theorem: 5² + 12² = c² → 25 + 144 = c² → c² = 169 → c = 13)
- A rectangular prism has a length of 4 units, a width of 3 units, and a height of 5 units. What is the volume of the prism?
- A) 12 cubic units
- B) 60 cubic units
- C) 80 cubic units
- D) 100 cubic units
- (Volume = length × width × height = 4 × 3 × 5 = 60)
- If the perimeter of a square is 36 units, what is the length of one side?
- A) 6 units
- B) 9 units
- C) 12 units
- D) 18 units
- (Perimeter = 4 × side → 36 = 4 × side → side = 9)
- A car’s value depreciates by 10% each year. If the car’s initial value is $20,000, what will be its value after 2 years?
- A) $16,200
- B) $14,400
- C) $18,000
- D) $15,000
- ($20,000 × 0.9 × 0.9 = $14,400)
- What is the solution to the inequality 2x + 3 > 7?
- A) x > 2
- B) x < 2
- C) x > 5
- D) x < 5
- (2x + 3 > 7 → 2x > 4 → x > 2)
- A bag contains 4 red, 3 blue, and 5 green balls. If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is red?
- A) 1/2
- B) 1/3
- C) 1/4
- D) 4/12
- (Probability = 4/(4 + 3 + 5) = 4/12 = 1/3)
- If a number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%, what is the net change in the number?
- A) 4% increase
- B) 4% decrease
- C) 0%
- D) 10% decrease
- (Increase by 20% → 1.2x; Decrease by 20% → 1.2x × 0.8 = 0.96x → Net change = -4%)
- The sum of two numbers is 36, and their difference is 12. What are the two numbers?
- A) 12 and 24
- B) 18 and 18
- C) 15 and 21
- D) 24 and 12
- (x + y = 36; x – y = 12 → 2x = 48 → x = 24, y = 12)
- A store originally priced an item at $150. After a 10% discount and then a 15% markup, what is the final price?
- A) $138.75
- B) $144.75
- C) $150.50
- D) $157.50
- ($150 × 0.9 = $135; $135 × 1.15 = $138.75)
- What is the most appropriate synonym for “mitigate”?
- A) Increase
- B) Alleviate
- C) Complicate
- D) Intensify
- Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
- A) The passage argues that a change in policy is necessary.
- B) The passage reviews existing literature on the topic.
- C) The passage discusses the implications of a new study.
- D) The passage compares two opposing viewpoints.
- The author uses the phrase “a thorny issue” to convey:
- A) A problem that is easily solved
- B) A complex and difficult problem
- C) A situation that is minor and inconsequential
- D) An issue that is completely resolved
- In the context of the passage, the word “ubiquitous” most nearly means:
- A) Rare
- B) Everywhere
- C) Forgotten
- D) Limited
- The passage suggests that the author believes the new policy:
- A) Will be difficult to implement
- B) Has little chance of being successful
- C) Will have significant benefits if adopted
- D) Is already outdated and irrelevant
- Which of the following best describes the author’s use of evidence?
- A) To provide context for the argument
- B) To reinforce the author’s viewpoint
- C) To support a counterargument
- D) To show that other perspectives are flawed
- The tone of the passage can be best described as:
- A) Pessimistic
- B) Indifferent
- C) Analytical
- D) Sarcastic
- The word “prolific” in the context of the passage most nearly means:
- A) Limited in quantity
- B) Producing many works or results
- C) Slow and steady
- D) Simple or straightforward
- If the passage argues that “the increase in demand led to a shortage,” what is the author’s conclusion?
- A) Demand is not the main issue causing the shortage.
- B) The shortage will resolve itself over time.
- C) A solution to the shortage needs to be found.
- D) The increase in supply will balance out the demand.
- Which of the following is an assumption the author makes in the passage?
- A) That the audience is familiar with the topic
- B) That all readers will agree with the conclusion
- C) That the data used is comprehensive
- D) That the problem is not solvable
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- If 2x + 3 = 9, what is the value of x?
- A) 2
- B) 3
- C) 4
- D) 6
- (2x + 3 = 9 → 2x = 6 → x = 3)
- A rectangular garden has a length of 12 meters and a width of 5 meters. What is the perimeter of the garden?
- A) 30 meters
- B) 34 meters
- C) 40 meters
- D) 60 meters
- (Perimeter = 2 × (length + width) = 2 × (12 + 5) = 34)
- If a book is originally priced at $25 and is on sale for 20% off, what is the sale price?
- A) $5
- B) $10
- C) $20
- D) $22
- (20% of $25 = $5; Sale price = $25 – $5 = $22)
- The average of four consecutive even numbers is 20. What is the sum of these numbers?
- A) 72
- B) 80
- C) 84
- D) 90
- (Average of four consecutive even numbers = 20; Sum = 4 × 20 = 80)
- What is the solution to the inequality 3x – 2 ≤ 10?
- A) x ≤ 4
- B) x ≤ 6
- C) x ≥ 4
- D) x ≥ 6
- (3x – 2 ≤ 10 → 3x ≤ 12 → x ≤ 4)
- A class of 30 students has an average score of 80. If 10 more students join the class with an average score of 85, what is the new average score?
- A) 81
- B) 82
- C) 83
- D) 84
- (Total initial score = 30 × 80 = 2400; Total for new students = 10 × 85 = 850; New total score = 2400 + 850 = 3250; New average = 3250 / 40 = 81.25)
- If a car travels 180 miles at 60 mph, how long does it take?
- A) 1 hour
- B) 2 hours
- C) 3 hours
- D) 4 hours
- (Time = distance / speed = 180 / 60 = 3 hours)
- A store sells an item for $300 after a 25% markup on its cost. If the cost was $240, what is the percentage markup?
- A) 20%
- B) 25%
- C) 30%
- D) 40%
- (Markup = $300 – $240 = $60; Percentage markup = ($60 / $240) × 100 = 25%)
- What is the area of a triangle with a base of 10 units and a height of 8 units?
- A) 20 square units
- B) 40 square units
- C) 50 square units
- D) 80 square units
- (Area = 0.5 × base × height = 0.5 × 10 × 8 = 40)
- If the ratio of apples to oranges in a basket is 2:3, and there are 20 apples, how many oranges are there?
- A) 10
- B) 15
- C) 25
- D) 30
- (2:3 means for every 2 apples, there are 3 oranges. If there are 20 apples, then 20 × (3/2) = 30 oranges)
- A cube has a volume of 64 cubic units. What is the length of one side?
- A) 2 units
- B) 4 units
- C) 8 units
- D) 16 units
- (Volume = side³ → 64 = side³ → side = 4)
- What is the value of 15% of 200?
- A) 20
- B) 25
- C) 30
- D) 40
- (15% of 200 = 200 × 0.15 = 30)
- If the perimeter of a rectangle is 40 units and the length is 10 units, what is the width?
- A) 5 units
- B) 6 units
- C) 8 units
- D) 10 units
- (Perimeter = 2 × (length + width) → 40 = 2 × (10 + width) → 20 = 10 + width → width = 10)
- A number is increased by 15% and then decreased by 10%. If the original number was 50, what is the final value?
- A) 51
- B) 52
- C) 53
- D) 54
- (50 × 1.15 = 57.5; 57.5 × 0.9 = 51.75 ≈ 52)
- If a right triangle has one leg of length 5 units and the hypotenuse of length 13 units, what is the length of the other leg?
- A) 5 units
- B) 8 units
- C) 10 units
- D) 12 units
- (Using the Pythagorean theorem: a² + 5² = 13² → a² + 25 = 169 → a² = 144 → a = 12)
- Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “ephemeral”?
- A) Temporary
- B) Permanent
- C) Constant
- D) Rejuvenating
- The author uses the term “quixotic” to imply:
- A) Practical and realistic
- B) Idealistic and impractical
- C) Logical and systematic
- D) Deceptive and cunning
- In the context of the passage, the word “expound” most nearly means:
- A) To simplify
- B) To explain in detail
- C) To argue against
- D) To criticize harshly
- The author mentions the “paradox of progress” to highlight:
- A) The benefits of rapid development
- B) The drawbacks of focusing solely on economic growth
- C) The inconsistency between theory and practice
- D) The loss of traditional values
- Which of the following best describes the relationship between the second and third paragraphs?
- A) The third paragraph contradicts the second.
- B) The third paragraph summarizes the findings in the second.
- C) The third paragraph provides a solution to the issue in the second.
- D) The third paragraph provides an example that supports the second.
- The phrase “a looming challenge” most likely means:
- A) A problem that is easily solved
- B) A problem that is not significant
- C) A problem that is imminent and difficult
- D) A challenge that has already been overcome
- The author’s use of anecdotal evidence serves to:
- A) Distract the reader from the main argument
- B) Support the main argument with real-life examples
- C) Summarize existing literature
- D) Introduce a counterpoint
- If the author states, “Although the policy aims for equity, it has inadvertently perpetuated inequality,” what is the author’s attitude?
- A) Supportive
- B) Neutral
- C) Critical
- D) Indifferent
- The passage suggests that the primary reason for the issue discussed is:
- A) A lack of funding
- B) A flawed policy approach
- C) Inadequate data analysis
- D) Public resistance
- Which of the following best describes the author’s tone?
- A) Alarmist
- B) Optimistic
- C) Reflective
- D) Pessimistic
Quantitative Reasoning Questions
- A company sells 150 units of a product at $20 each. If the cost per unit is $12, what is the company’s profit?
- A) $1,200
- B) $1,800
- C) $2,200
- D) $3,000
- (Profit per unit = $20 – $12 = $8; Total profit = 150 × $8 = $1,200)
- If 3x – 7 = 2x + 5, what is the value of x?
- A) 2
- B) 3
- C) 6
- D) 12
- (3x – 7 = 2x + 5 → x = 12)
- What is the area of a trapezoid with bases 10 units and 15 units and a height of 6 units?
- A) 75 square units
- B) 90 square units
- C) 150 square units
- D) 180 square units
- (Area = 0.5 × (base1 + base2) × height = 0.5 × (10 + 15) × 6 = 90)
- A train travels at 60 mph and leaves a station at 9:00 AM. Another train leaves the same station at 10:00 AM traveling at 80 mph. How many hours after the first train departs will the second train catch up?
- A) 2 hours
- B) 3 hours
- C) 4 hours
- D) 5 hours
- (Distance traveled by the first train in 1 hour = 60 miles; speed difference = 80 – 60 = 20 mph; Time = 60/20 = 3 hours)
- A triangle has side lengths 5, 12, and 13 units. What type of triangle is it?
- A) Equilateral
- B) Isosceles
- C) Right
- D) Scalene
- (5² + 12² = 13² → 25 + 144 = 169, satisfying the Pythagorean theorem)
- What is the sum of the first 10 positive integers?
- A) 45
- B) 50
- C) 55
- D) 60
- (Sum = (n(n+1))/2 = (10 × 11)/2 = 55)
- If a square has an area of 49 square units, what is the length of one side?
- A) 4 units
- B) 5 units
- C) 7 units
- D) 9 units
- (Side = √49 = 7)
- If the ratio of the ages of John and Mark is 3:4, and John is 24 years old, how old is Mark?
- A) 18
- B) 24
- C) 32
- D) 36
- (24 × 4/3 = 32)
- A 10% increase followed by a 10% decrease results in a net change of:
- A) 0%
- B) 1%
- C) 5%
- D) 9%
- (Initial value = 100; After 10% increase = 110; After 10% decrease = 110 × 0.9 = 99; Net change = -1%)
- What is the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads two times in a row?
- A) 1/4
- B) 1/2
- C) 1/3
- D) 1/8
- (Probability of heads once = 1/2; Probability of heads twice = 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4)
- A store buys a product at $120 and sells it for $150. What is the percentage markup?
- A) 20%
- B) 25%
- C) 30%
- D) 40%
- (Markup = $150 – $120 = $30; Percentage markup = ($30/$120) × 100 = 25%)
- A bag contains 4 red, 3 blue, and 5 green balls. If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability of drawing a blue ball?
- A) 1/3
- B) 1/4
- C) 3/12
- D) 1/2
- (Total number of balls = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12; Probability = 3/12 = 1/4)
- The area of a circle is 100π square units. What is the radius of the circle? (Use π ≈ 3.14)
- A) 5 units
- B) 10 units
- C) 15 units
- D) 20 units
- (Area = π × r² = 100π → r² = 100 → r = 10)
- If a bag contains 3 red, 4 blue, and 5 green marbles, what is the probability of drawing a green marble?
- A) 5/12
- B) 3/12
- C) 4/12
- D) 5/4
- (Total number of marbles = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12; Probability = 5/12)
- What is the value of 20% of 250?
- A) 25
- B) 40
- C) 50
- D) 75
- (20% of 250 = 0.2 × 250 = 50)