Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family Practice Exam
What is the primary focus of health promotion in newborn care?
A) Treating neonatal infections
B) Supporting optimal growth and development
C) Managing congenital anomalies
D) Administering vaccinations
Which of the following reflexes is normally present at birth?
A) Babinski reflex
B) Stepping reflex
C) Moro reflex
D) All of the above
When should the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine be administered to a healthy newborn?
A) At 6 weeks of age
B) Within 24 hours after birth
C) At 2 months of age
D) At 4 months of age
What is the recommended position for newborns during sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
A) Prone
B) Side-lying
C) Supine
D) Semi-prone
What is the primary energy source for newborns?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
Which of the following is a key indicator of adequate breastfeeding?
A) Weight loss of 10-15% in the first week
B) Six to eight wet diapers daily after day 5
C) Crying immediately after feeding
D) Breast engorgement in the mother
What is the most appropriate way to clean the umbilical cord stump?
A) With antiseptic solution
B) Using warm, soapy water
C) Keeping it dry and exposed to air
D) Applying antibiotic ointment
Which condition is screened for in all newborns via heel-prick blood tests?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
C) Sepsis
D) Hyperbilirubinemia
How often should a newborn be fed in the first weeks of life?
A) Every 2-3 hours
B) Every 4-5 hours
C) On demand only
D) Three times daily
What is the normal range for a newborn’s respiratory rate?
A) 20-40 breaths/min
B) 30-60 breaths/min
C) 40-80 breaths/min
D) 50-90 breaths/min
What is the most common cause of jaundice in newborns?
A) Breastfeeding jaundice
B) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
C) Physiological jaundice
D) Infection
Which vitamin is routinely administered to newborns to prevent bleeding disorders?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
What is the recommended method for soothing a crying newborn?
A) Allow the baby to cry it out
B) Swaddle and gently rock the baby
C) Feed the baby immediately
D) Turn on loud music
When is the Apgar score typically assessed?
A) At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
B) At birth and 24 hours later
C) At 5 and 10 minutes after birth
D) Every hour for the first 24 hours
Which of the following is a normal newborn finding?
A) Bilateral breast swelling
B) Cyanosis of the lips and face
C) Flaccid muscle tone
D) Persistent vomiting
What is the best way to prevent diaper rash in newborns?
A) Use powder with every diaper change
B) Apply petroleum jelly regularly
C) Keep the diaper area clean and dry
D) Use antibacterial wipes
Which type of formula is most suitable for a newborn unable to breastfeed?
A) Soy-based formula
B) Cow’s milk formula
C) Specialized hydrolyzed formula
D) Standard infant formula
Which of the following is a key milestone for newborns by one month of age?
A) Smiling responsively
B) Holding their head steady
C) Rolling over
D) Fixating on faces
When should the first well-baby visit typically occur after discharge?
A) Within 24 hours
B) At 2 weeks of age
C) 2-3 days after discharge
D) At 1 month of age
What is the recommended treatment for newborn colic?
A) Over-the-counter medication
B) Frequent feeding
C) Soothing techniques and patience
D) Restricting the mother’s diet
Which of the following is true about newborn stools?
A) Meconium is the first stool passed
B) Formula-fed babies have yellow, seedy stools
C) Stool frequency decreases after the first week
D) Breastfed babies’ stools are green and sticky
Which tool is used to screen for developmental delays in infants?
A) Denver Developmental Screening Test
B) Growth chart analysis
C) Apgar score
D) Behavioral checklist
Which behavior is indicative of bonding in a new family?
A) Avoiding eye contact with the baby
B) Talking to and holding the baby frequently
C) Asking nurses to care for the baby frequently
D) Reluctance to touch the baby
What is the best intervention to promote parent-infant attachment?
A) Encouraging skin-to-skin contact
B) Delaying feeding until the baby cries
C) Keeping the baby in the nursery
D) Restricting visitors in the first few days
What is the primary reason for a newborn hearing screening?
A) To diagnose infections
B) To prevent delayed language development
C) To detect ear malformations
D) To evaluate brainstem function
Set 2
What is the primary purpose of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life?
A) To introduce a variety of foods early
B) To reduce the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood
C) To provide optimal nutrition and antibodies
D) To help with weight loss for the mother
What is a key indicator of dehydration in a newborn?
A) Excessive saliva production
B) Fewer than 6 wet diapers per day
C) Increased crying at all times
D) Difficulty latching during breastfeeding
Which of the following conditions is most commonly treated with phototherapy in newborns?
A) Congenital heart defect
B) Neonatal sepsis
C) Hyperbilirubinemia
D) Respiratory distress syndrome
At what age should an infant be able to track a moving object with their eyes?
A) 1 week
B) 1 month
C) 3 months
D) 6 months
What is an important reason for using a pacifier during the first few months of life?
A) To promote early speech development
B) To soothe the baby and reduce the risk of SIDS
C) To help with digestion
D) To assist in teething
Which of the following is considered a contraindication for breastfeeding?
A) Maternal colds
B) Maternal use of certain medications
C) Maternal postpartum depression
D) Infant reflux
What should parents do if a newborn’s temperature is consistently above 100.4°F (38°C)?
A) Give them a warm bath and monitor closely
B) Continue monitoring and wait 24 hours
C) Seek medical advice immediately
D) Apply ice packs to the baby’s body
Why is skin-to-skin contact beneficial for newborns?
A) It helps regulate the baby’s body temperature
B) It prevents the baby from crying
C) It strengthens the baby’s muscles
D) It ensures the baby sleeps better
Which of the following is a common cause of colic in newborns?
A) Inadequate nutrition
B) Gastrointestinal discomfort
C) Underdeveloped muscles
D) Hormonal imbalances
What is a common symptom of neonatal hypoglycemia?
A) Lethargy and poor feeding
B) Persistent high fever
C) Diarrhea and vomiting
D) Excessive crying with no other symptoms
What is the main purpose of the newborn metabolic screening test?
A) To check for heart defects
B) To identify metabolic and genetic disorders early
C) To assess hearing ability
D) To monitor respiratory function
Which condition requires immediate medical attention and can be a sign of a potentially serious infection in newborns?
A) Dry skin
B) A small soft spot (fontanelle)
C) High fever with lethargy
D) A bit of mucous in the eyes
What is the best way to prevent diaper dermatitis?
A) Using alcohol-based wipes
B) Applying barrier creams at every diaper change
C) Using a powder to absorb moisture
D) Letting the baby go diaper-free for short periods
What is the most important action to prevent the spread of infection to a newborn?
A) Wearing gloves when handling the baby
B) Washing hands before handling the baby
C) Avoiding visitors for the first 2 weeks
D) Giving the baby a bath with antibacterial soap
What is an indicator that a newborn is ready to start breastfeeding?
A) The baby sleeps for long stretches between feeds
B) The baby shows signs of rooting or sucking motions
C) The baby is fussy and cries frequently
D) The baby’s eyes start following people
Which vitamin supplementation is recommended for breastfed newborns to support bone health?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Which of the following is true about newborn hearing screening?
A) It is only necessary if there are parental concerns
B) It should be done at least a week after birth
C) Early detection of hearing loss can help with language development
D) It is done only in high-risk infants
What is the appropriate action if a newborn has an umbilical hernia?
A) Immediate surgical repair
B) Monitor for changes and report any increase in size
C) Apply a compression bandage
D) Massage the area daily
What is the purpose of a newborn’s first pediatric visit?
A) To assess visual and hearing abilities only
B) To monitor growth and development, provide feeding guidance, and discuss preventive care
C) To schedule vaccinations for the first time
D) To discuss sleep training techniques
What is the recommended method for treating cradle cap?
A) Scratching off the flakes
B) Applying anti-fungal cream
C) Gently washing the scalp with baby shampoo and soft brushing
D) Using a harsh chemical treatment
What is the reason for testing newborns for congenital heart defects using pulse oximetry?
A) To check the baby’s blood pressure
B) To detect low blood sugar levels
C) To measure blood oxygen saturation and detect congenital heart defects
D) To monitor heart rate for irregularities
Why is it important for a newborn to receive the first breast milk, known as colostrum?
A) It helps build the baby’s immune system
B) It is rich in sugars for energy
C) It is more nutritious than mature milk
D) It helps with teething pain
When is it safe for parents to introduce solid foods to a baby?
A) At 3 months of age
B) At 4-6 months of age
C) At 9-12 months of age
D) At 1 year of age
Which factor is most associated with an increased risk of SIDS?
A) Breastfeeding
B) Sleeping in the supine position
C) Bed-sharing with the parents
D) Using a pacifier during sleep
Which of the following is true regarding newborn vision?
A) Newborns can see clearly up to 15 feet away.
B) Newborns can focus best on objects at 12-18 inches away.
C) Newborns prefer to look at moving objects rather than still ones.
D) Newborns can distinguish between different colors.
Set 3
Which action should parents take if their newborn’s skin turns yellow?
A) Apply lotion to the skin
B) Use a warm compress to reduce discoloration
C) Seek medical attention for potential jaundice
D) Feed the baby more frequently
What is the best practice for storing expressed breast milk?
A) Leave it at room temperature for up to 12 hours
B) Refrigerate it for up to 24 hours
C) Store it in the freezer for up to 6 months
D) Warm it using a microwave
What is an important safety precaution for parents when using a crib for their newborn?
A) Placing the crib near a window with curtains
B) Using soft bedding and pillows in the crib
C) Ensuring the crib meets current safety standards and has a firm mattress
D) Keeping the crib in direct sunlight
How often should a newborn typically have bowel movements in the first week of life?
A) Once a day
B) 2-3 times per day
C) 4-6 times per day
D) Varies, depending on the baby’s diet and health
Which is a key sign that a newborn might have a tongue tie?
A) Excessive drooling
B) Difficulty latching during breastfeeding
C) Frequent hiccups
D) Large, bulging fontanelle
What is the primary reason for recommending iron supplementation in infants who are exclusively breastfed after 4-6 months?
A) To improve brain development
B) To prevent iron deficiency anemia
C) To enhance immunity
D) To aid in digestion
What is a common sign that a newborn may have reflux?
A) Increased appetite and rapid weight gain
B) Projectile vomiting after feedings
C) Excessive sleepiness
D) Decreased urination
Which of the following is the best approach to introducing a bottle to a breastfed baby?
A) Introduce the bottle as early as possible to prevent nipple confusion
B) Wait until breastfeeding is well established (around 3-4 weeks)
C) Use a bottle immediately after the first breastfeeding session
D) Use a pacifier instead of a bottle
What is the main reason for placing a newborn under a heating lamp in the delivery room?
A) To improve skin color
B) To maintain body temperature and prevent hypothermia
C) To clean the skin
D) To stimulate the baby to cry
Which of the following is true about newborn sleep patterns?
A) Newborns typically sleep 4-6 hours at a time.
B) Most newborns sleep for 16-18 hours a day.
C) Newborns should be placed on their stomach to sleep.
D) Newborns sleep through the night by 3 months of age.
What is the purpose of the newborn hearing screening test?
A) To check for ear infections
B) To assess brain activity
C) To detect hearing loss early for intervention
D) To measure the size of the eardrum
What is a common reason for newborns to experience “baby acne”?
A) Poor hygiene
B) Hormonal changes from the mother during pregnancy
C) Exposure to allergens
D) Excessive use of lotions and creams
How can parents support healthy social and emotional development in their newborn?
A) Avoid eye contact to prevent overstimulation
B) Engage in frequent, responsive interactions and talk to the baby
C) Limit time spent holding the baby to encourage independence
D) Schedule strict feeding times without response to cues
When should a newborn be seen by a pediatrician for their first check-up?
A) Within 24 hours after discharge from the hospital
B) At 1 week of age
C) At 1 month of age
D) At 3 months of age
What is the appropriate treatment for a newborn with a low-grade fever?
A) Immediate use of fever-reducing medication
B) Dress the baby in light clothing and monitor the temperature
C) Give the baby a cold bath to reduce fever
D) Delay seeking medical attention unless the fever rises above 102°F
What is the recommended method for cleaning a newborn’s face?
A) Using a wet cloth and baby soap
B) Using a gentle, damp cloth and avoiding soap on sensitive areas
C) Applying alcohol-based wipes
D) Using a scrub brush to remove dirt
Which of the following is a sign of a properly fitting diaper?
A) A tight, snug fit that leaves indentations on the skin
B) Leaks or wetness around the edges
C) No redness or irritation on the skin
D) A diaper that causes the baby to cry when put on
What is the most common cause of dehydration in a newborn?
A) Overfeeding
B) Not enough wet diapers
C) Excessive crying
D) Exposure to cold temperatures
What should parents do if their newborn is having difficulty latching during breastfeeding?
A) Wait and see if the baby figures it out
B) Express milk and bottle-feed instead
C) Consult a lactation consultant for guidance
D) Introduce formula to supplement breastfeeding
Which of the following activities can help reduce the risk of postpartum depression in new mothers?
A) Practicing strict self-care routines without help
B) Isolating themselves to focus on their baby
C) Seeking support from family, friends, or a professional counselor
D) Avoiding talking about their feelings
What is a potential benefit of skin-to-skin contact for newborns?
A) It reduces the risk of jaundice.
B) It promotes bonding and can stabilize the baby’s temperature, heart rate, and breathing.
C) It prevents colic.
D) It improves digestive function only.
How can parents ensure that their baby is safe while sleeping in the crib?
A) Place the baby on their side to sleep.
B) Use a crib with a soft, plush mattress.
C) Keep the crib free of pillows, toys, and blankets.
D) Cover the baby’s face lightly with a blanket.
When is it safe for parents to introduce fruit juice into a newborn’s diet?
A) At 1 month of age
B) At 6-12 months of age
C) At 12 months of age or later
D) At 2 months of age
What is the most common cause of umbilical cord infection in newborns?
A) Inadequate drying after bath time
B) Poor hygiene during diaper changes
C) Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord
D) Exposure to contaminated water
Which action is not recommended for parents to take when helping a newborn settle down?
A) Rocking the baby gently in a cradle or swing
B) Letting the baby cry it out for long periods
C) Singing or talking softly to the baby
D) Providing skin-to-skin contact
What is the recommended method for burping a newborn after feeding?
A) Hold the baby on their stomach on your lap
B) Hold the baby upright against your shoulder
C) Place the baby face-down on a soft surface
D) Lay the baby down and pat their back
What is a sign that a newborn may be underfed?
A) Sleeping for long periods after feedings
B) Passing fewer than six wet diapers in a 24-hour period
C) Gaining weight steadily over the first week
D) Crying infrequently
Which of the following is a true statement about the newborn’s immune system?
A) It is fully mature at birth.
B) It relies heavily on antibodies passed from the mother through breast milk.
C) It is independent of maternal antibodies after 1 month of age.
D) Newborns have no immune system and are completely vulnerable to infection.
What is the best way to manage a newborn’s dry skin?
A) Apply adult lotion for extra moisture
B) Use a mild, fragrance-free baby moisturizer and bathe the baby less frequently
C) Rub the skin with oil and massage firmly
D) Expose the skin to direct sunlight for a few minutes
Which of the following is true about pacifier use in newborns?
A) Pacifiers should be used only after breastfeeding is well established.
B) Pacifiers can cause an increased risk of dental problems later on.
C) Pacifier use can help reduce the risk of SIDS.
D) Pacifiers should be avoided at all costs.
What is an appropriate way to manage a newborn’s umbilical cord stump?
A) Keep it covered with a bandage at all times.
B) Clean it with alcohol and let it air dry.
C) Bathe the baby in water and scrub the stump.
D) Apply an ointment to keep it moist.
When should a newborn receive their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine?
A) At birth
B) At 2 months of age
C) At 4 months of age
D) At 6 months of age
What is the main reason for conducting a newborn screening test?
A) To determine the baby’s weight
B) To identify potential metabolic, genetic, or hearing disorders early
C) To check the baby’s blood type
D) To assess feeding and digestion
What is the most appropriate position for a newborn to sleep in?
A) On their stomach
B) On their side
C) On their back
D) On their side with a pillow
Which of the following is a sign that a newborn may have a fever?
A) Having warm hands and feet
B) Crying more than usual
C) A temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) measured rectally
D) Increased appetite
How can a parent prevent diaper rash?
A) Using scented wipes and lotions
B) Changing diapers frequently and using a barrier cream
C) Keeping the baby in wet diapers for longer periods to avoid interruptions
D) Using regular adult diapers
What is the typical duration for a newborn to breastfeed at each feeding session?
A) 5-10 minutes per session
B) 15-20 minutes per session
C) 30-45 minutes per session
D) 1-2 hours per session
What is the primary cause of cradle cap in newborns?
A) Poor hygiene and infrequent washing of the scalp
B) Excessive use of hair products
C) Overproduction of oil in the scalp
D) Allergic reaction to formula
What should parents do if their newborn shows signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth and decreased urination?
A) Wait a few more hours and check again
B) Increase the frequency of feedings and consult a doctor if symptoms persist
C) Offer water to the baby immediately
D) Try giving the baby a small amount of diluted juice
Which type of milk is best for a newborn?
A) Cow’s milk
B) Goat’s milk
C) Breast milk or formula specifically designed for infants
D) Whole milk
At what age is it generally considered safe for a baby to begin teething?
A) 1-2 months
B) 4-6 months
C) 7-9 months
D) 12 months
How often should a newborn have a wet diaper?
A) Once every 12 hours
B) Twice a day
C) 4-6 times a day
D) 8-10 times a day
What is the most important step parents should take when handling a newborn?
A) Holding the baby upright at all times
B) Always supporting the baby’s head and neck
C) Making sure the baby’s hands are always covered
D) Avoiding skin-to-skin contact
What should parents do if their baby seems to be constantly hungry and is not gaining weight?
A) Feed them on a fixed schedule and limit feedings to 30 minutes
B) Increase the frequency of feedings and consult a pediatrician
C) Start offering formula instead of breast milk
D) Wait a few days to see if the baby’s appetite improves
What is an appropriate way to handle a newborn who is crying excessively?
A) Let the baby cry it out until they fall asleep
B) Offer a pacifier, feed, or check for discomfort
C) Shake the baby gently to get their attention
D) Leave the baby alone in their crib
What is the ideal temperature for a newborn’s room?
A) 60-65°F (15-18°C)
B) 68-72°F (20-22°C)
C) 74-78°F (23-26°C)
D) 80-85°F (27-29°C)
What is the primary reason for placing newborns under phototherapy?
A) To treat dehydration
B) To manage jaundice
C) To improve digestion
D) To prevent infection
Why should newborns avoid secondhand smoke exposure?
A) It can cause fever and chills.
B) It can increase the risk of respiratory infections and SIDS.
C) It can prevent them from developing a strong appetite.
D) It improves their immune response.
How should parents prepare formula for a newborn?
A) Use hot tap water to mix the formula.
B) Mix it with water at room temperature and shake well.
C) Boil the water before mixing it with the formula.
D) Add sugar to make it taste better.
What is a sign that a newborn might be experiencing colic?
A) Crying for a few minutes before falling asleep
B) Crying excessively, usually in the late afternoon or evening, for more than 3 hours per day
C) Only crying when they are hungry
D) Rarely crying, except for diaper changes