IT Governance and Ethics Practice Exam Quiz
What is the primary objective of IT governance?
To minimize IT expenses
B. To ensure alignment of IT with business objectives
C. To develop software applications
D. To maintain hardware infrastructure
Which framework is widely used for IT governance?
ITIL
B. COBIT
C. ISO 9001
D. Six Sigma
What does the term “ethical hacking” refer to?
Unauthorized access to computer systems
B. Legal testing of systems to identify vulnerabilities
C. Using hacking tools for criminal purposes
D. Writing malicious code
Which of the following is NOT a principle of ethical IT practices?
Integrity
B. Accountability
C. Transparency
D. Profitability
What is a key component of IT risk management in governance?
Eliminating all risks
B. Identifying and mitigating risks
C. Ignoring low-impact risks
D. Prioritizing financial gains
What does COBIT stand for?
Control Objectives for IT
B. Corporate Objectives for IT Governance
C. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology
D. Cyber Objectives for IT Security
Which ethical principle ensures confidentiality in IT systems?
Autonomy
B. Integrity
C. Respect for privacy
D. Transparency
What is the purpose of a Code of Ethics in IT?
To maximize profits
B. To provide guidelines for professional conduct
C. To establish job descriptions
D. To train employees on technical skills
Which of the following is a key domain of IT governance in COBIT?
Deliver, Service, and Support
B. Human Resources
C. Marketing Management
D. Financial Accounting
What does the term “data integrity” mean?
Preventing unauthorized data access
B. Maintaining the accuracy and reliability of data
C. Ensuring fast data processing
D. Encrypting data
Which organization oversees professional ethics in IT?
ISO
B. IEEE
C. FDA
D. COBIT Institute
Which of the following is an ethical issue in IT?
Automation of processes
B. Data privacy violations
C. Faster application performance
D. Hardware upgrades
What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s relevance to IT governance?
It enforces data encryption standards
B. It mandates financial reporting transparency
C. It regulates software development processes
D. It governs network protocols
Which of the following is a benefit of IT governance?
Increased hardware lifespan
B. Enhanced alignment of IT and business strategies
C. Reduced software maintenance costs
D. Elimination of employee errors
What is an ethical concern regarding artificial intelligence?
Reducing processing times
B. Data bias in decision-making
C. Faster automation of tasks
D. Increased computing power
What does GDPR stand for?
General Data Processing Regulation
B. General Data Protection Regulation
C. Global Data Privacy Regulation
D. General Digital Privacy Rules
What is the primary focus of ISO/IEC 38500?
IT risk management
B. IT governance
C. Network security protocols
D. Software testing
What is a potential consequence of poor IT governance?
Enhanced customer satisfaction
B. Increased data breaches
C. Faster decision-making
D. Higher employee productivity
Which role is primarily responsible for IT governance in an organization?
IT Manager
B. Chief Information Officer (CIO)
C. Database Administrator
D. System Analyst
Which ethical principle focuses on respecting user rights and choices?
Non-maleficence
B. Beneficence
C. Autonomy
D. Fidelity
What does IT governance aim to improve?
Hardware maintenance
B. Decision-making and accountability
C. Outsourcing of IT functions
D. Employee recruitment
What is an ethical concern in cloud computing?
Rapid scalability
B. Data ownership and control
C. Low-cost solutions
D. Fast deployment
Which of the following supports ethical IT practices?
Exploiting system loopholes
B. Following fair access policies
C. Ignoring intellectual property rights
D. Hiding vulnerabilities
Which framework helps manage IT risks effectively?
COBIT
B. ITIL
C. ISO 31000
D. PRINCE2
What is the focus of the ITIL framework?
Financial reporting
B. IT service management
C. Hardware design
D. Network troubleshooting
What is an ethical responsibility of IT professionals?
Maximizing profits
B. Respecting user privacy
C. Avoiding continuous learning
D. Implementing only proprietary software
Which of the following is a key driver of IT governance?
Employee satisfaction
B. Regulatory compliance
C. Server downtime
D. Cost reduction
Which act focuses on protecting consumer data in the US?
HIPAA
B. GDPR
C. CCPA
D. PCI DSS
What is the principle of accountability in IT governance?
Delegating responsibilities to external vendors
B. Ensuring IT aligns with business priorities
C. Holding stakeholders responsible for decisions and outcomes
D. Preventing employee errors
What is the primary role of a board of directors in IT governance?
Developing software
B. Overseeing IT operations
C. Establishing IT policies and ensuring accountability
D. Managing network infrastructure
What is the primary focus of IT compliance within governance?
Improving system performance
B. Adhering to regulatory and legal standards
C. Reducing hardware costs
D. Training employees on new software
Which ethical issue arises from collecting user data without consent?
Software malfunction
B. Privacy violation
C. Data redundancy
D. Network overload
What is a key characteristic of a successful IT governance framework?
Centralized decision-making
B. Aligning IT goals with organizational objectives
C. Eliminating risks
D. Limiting IT innovation
Which principle ensures fairness in IT governance?
Transparency
B. Justice
C. Efficiency
D. Accountability
What is the role of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)?
Monitoring employee performance
B. Overseeing IT risk management and cybersecurity
C. Designing software applications
D. Maintaining physical hardware
Which of the following is an example of unethical behavior in IT?
Encrypting user data
B. Ignoring data breaches
C. Documenting system processes
D. Testing application vulnerabilities
Which framework is primarily concerned with IT service delivery?
ITIL
B. COBIT
C. ISO 27001
D. GDPR
What is the primary purpose of IT risk management?
To eliminate all risks
B. To identify, assess, and mitigate risks
C. To avoid IT project costs
D. To reduce hardware complexity
What is the main goal of data protection laws?
To enforce data retention policies
B. To safeguard individual privacy rights
C. To restrict access to IT systems
D. To optimize data storage costs
What is meant by “corporate social responsibility” in IT?
Maximizing IT profits
B. Developing eco-friendly IT policies
C. Training employees on system updates
D. Maintaining system uptime
What is the significance of IT governance in mergers and acquisitions?
Integrating IT systems and ensuring data security
B. Reducing costs associated with IT operations
C. Limiting innovation during transitions
D. Increasing the complexity of systems
What does the term “shadow IT” refer to?
Unauthorized IT systems and applications used by employees
B. Backup systems for critical IT functions
C. Systems specifically designed for cybersecurity
D. IT systems operating in low power mode
What is the purpose of an IT steering committee?
Managing daily IT operations
B. Aligning IT initiatives with organizational strategy
C. Handling IT hardware repairs
D. Developing software testing plans
What is the principle of “least privilege” in IT security?
Granting all users access to systems
B. Providing users only the access necessary for their roles
C. Eliminating administrator privileges
D. Restricting access to external systems
Which ethical issue is associated with artificial intelligence (AI)?
Redundant hardware resources
B. Bias in algorithmic decision-making
C. Higher software maintenance costs
D. Slower data processing
Which legislation governs healthcare data privacy in the United States?
HIPAA
B. GDPR
C. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
D. CCPA
What is the main focus of ISO 27001?
IT service management
B. Information security management systems
C. Data storage optimization
D. Software development
What is the ethical responsibility of IT leaders during system failures?
Concealing the issue from stakeholders
B. Providing transparency and timely updates
C. Blaming employees for technical issues
D. Prioritizing financial losses over system recovery
What is the significance of an IT governance charter?
It outlines technical troubleshooting steps
B. It defines the roles, responsibilities, and authority for IT governance
C. It tracks software licensing costs
D. It serves as a manual for system maintenance
Which of the following is a common goal of IT governance?
Enhancing IT complexity
B. Reducing the use of third-party tools
C. Creating value through IT investments
D. Eliminating all IT-related risks
What is the primary goal of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in relation to IT?
To eliminate IT security risks
B. To ensure accurate financial reporting and compliance
C. To reduce software development costs
D. To manage network traffic
Which of the following is a key requirement under Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) for IT governance?
IT systems must be publicly accessible
B. Financial data must be stored without encryption
C. Internal controls must be established to ensure data accuracy
D. Outsourced IT services must be disregarded
Which of the following is the focus of HIPAA in relation to IT governance?
Managing network infrastructure
B. Ensuring privacy and security of health information
C. Developing healthcare software applications
D. Creating hardware solutions for healthcare providers
Which of the following best describes an IT audit?
A review of software coding practices
B. An assessment of financial operations only
C. A comprehensive review of IT infrastructure, security, and compliance
D. A check for hardware failures
What is the role of an Information Technology Auditor?
To develop software for financial transactions
B. To ensure IT systems comply with legal regulations and corporate policies
C. To manage employee performance in IT departments
D. To design new network protocols
Which of the following is a major concern for IT auditors when reviewing a company’s financial systems under SOX?
Data encryption for social media
B. Unauthorized access to financial data
C. Software development timelines
D. Website aesthetics
What does the acronym “PHI” stand for in relation to HIPAA compliance?
Public Health Information
B. Personal Health Information
C. Protected Healthcare Integrity
D. Public Health Infrastructure
What is the significance of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in relation to IT governance?
It mandates that all healthcare data be stored in paper format
B. It encourages the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) and enhances privacy protections
C. It focuses solely on improving healthcare facility infrastructure
D. It eliminates IT risk management requirements
Which of the following is an essential step in preparing for an IT audit?
Reducing network bandwidth
B. Establishing a comprehensive inventory of IT assets
C. Increasing the use of external vendors
D. Limiting access to financial data
Under Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), who is primarily responsible for certifying the accuracy of financial reports?
IT administrators
B. Senior management and executives
C. External auditors
D. Software developers
Which of the following is a key challenge in maintaining compliance with data privacy regulations like GDPR and HIPAA?
Integrating cloud solutions with legacy systems
B. Managing secure data storage and ensuring access control
C. Reducing network speeds
D. Developing new software technologies
What is one of the core principles of data privacy under GDPR?
Data should be collected in a non-transparent manner
B. Individuals have the right to control and access their personal data
C. Data should be stored indefinitely
D. Data processing should not be secure
In the context of IT governance, which of the following is critical for ensuring compliance with government regulations?
Ignoring legacy systems
B. Establishing and monitoring effective internal controls
C. Reducing IT staff to minimize costs
D. Focusing solely on external vendor contracts
What is the role of encryption in IT governance related to data privacy laws like HIPAA?
To reduce the need for physical storage
B. To prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data
C. To speed up data transmission
D. To allow unlimited data sharing
Which of the following is a potential consequence of non-compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley regulations in IT?
Increased data security
B. Legal penalties and fines
C. Improved audit results
D. More efficient business operations
Which government body is responsible for enforcing HIPAA compliance in the United States?
Department of Justice (DOJ)
B. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
C. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
D. Federal Reserve Board
Which IT governance practice is critical when preparing for an audit to ensure data security?
Reducing access to all data systems
B. Implementing regular vulnerability assessments and patch management
C. Sharing all data publicly
D. Ignoring security threats
What is a significant ethical challenge when handling patient data in healthcare IT systems?
Decreasing storage capacity
B. Ensuring confidentiality while enabling access to authorized personnel
C. Reducing the use of software applications
D. Limiting access to online medical databases
How does IT governance support data privacy under regulations like GDPR?
By making data publicly accessible
B. By establishing protocols for data encryption, access control, and auditing
C. By ignoring data access requests
D. By minimizing employee involvement in data management
What is the purpose of conducting a risk assessment in IT governance?
To enhance employee productivity
B. To identify potential security vulnerabilities and compliance risks
C. To develop new business strategies
D. To reduce the overall budget for IT projects
Which of the following best describes the role of an IT governance framework in ensuring compliance with regulations like HIPAA?
It focuses on developing new technologies for healthcare
B. It helps organizations align IT practices with regulatory requirements and ethical standards
C. It minimizes the use of data security protocols
D. It ignores legal compliance to prioritize innovation
What is a key requirement of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) for organizations in terms of IT systems?
Implementation of financial reporting software
B. Establishing controls to prevent unauthorized access to financial data
C. Hiring external vendors for all IT functions
D. Limiting access to internal audit reports
Which of the following is a risk associated with inadequate data privacy practices under regulations like HIPAA?
Decreased employee productivity
B. Legal penalties, reputational damage, and loss of trust
C. Increased network speed
D. Reduced hardware costs
What does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act require organizations to do regarding their financial data and IT systems?
Ensure the data is publicly accessible
B. Implement a system for auditing and internal controls to ensure the accuracy of financial reports
C. Allow free access to all employees for system modifications
D. Ignore potential security vulnerabilities to reduce costs
What is the primary ethical issue related to data privacy and IT governance in healthcare organizations under HIPAA?
Protecting the intellectual property of medical software
B. Ensuring unauthorized third-party access to health records
C. Safeguarding the privacy and security of patient health information
D. Reducing the cost of electronic health record systems
Which of the following would be a violation of HIPAA privacy regulations in the context of IT governance?
Encrypting patient health data
B. Sharing patient data without patient consent
C. Implementing access controls for medical data
D. Regularly backing up patient data
Which key IT governance concept helps organizations meet compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) for financial reporting?
Encryption of financial data
B. Restricting IT access to only senior management
C. Ensuring proper internal controls and audit trails for financial data
D. Implementing unlimited access to financial records
Which type of IT audit is primarily focused on ensuring compliance with legal regulations such as SOX and HIPAA?
Technical audit
B. Financial audit
C. Compliance audit
D. Security audit
Which is a responsibility of an IT auditor during an audit of a healthcare organization under HIPAA?
Verifying software code for vulnerabilities
B. Ensuring access control policies protect patient health data
C. Updating outdated hardware systems
D. Monitoring the performance of healthcare staff
What is the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR in relation to IT governance?
To oversee the encryption of all data systems
B. To ensure that personal data is processed in compliance with GDPR and provide guidance on data privacy
C. To monitor IT budgets and resource allocation
D. To develop business strategies for IT projects
Under Sarbanes-Oxley, which of the following is required for financial reporting processes?
Data should be kept indefinitely for audit purposes
B. Financial transactions should be documented without verification
C. Adequate internal controls and audits to prevent fraud
D. Financial data should be encrypted but not verified
What does the concept of ‘data minimization’ under GDPR mean for IT governance?
Collecting as much data as possible for analysis
B. Storing all data indefinitely for business analysis
C. Limiting data collection to only what is necessary for processing
D. Eliminating the use of cloud storage for data
Which of the following is a key element of an IT governance framework for ensuring compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)?
Ensuring financial data is accessible to all employees
B. Implementing segregation of duties to prevent fraud
C. Limiting external audits to once every few years
D. Allowing unrestricted access to financial information
What is the role of encryption in IT governance when complying with HIPAA?
To allow all employees to access sensitive data
B. To ensure that sensitive health information is secured during transmission and storage
C. To decrease the cost of IT infrastructure
D. To increase the amount of data that can be shared
Which of the following is a responsibility of IT departments under Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance?
Regularly updating financial reports for public release
B. Ensuring the accuracy, confidentiality, and integrity of financial information
C. Increasing access to financial data for all employees
D. Developing marketing materials for shareholders
Which of the following would be a violation of GDPR in relation to IT governance?
Providing users with access to their personal data upon request
B. Retaining personal data without justification or consent
C. Ensuring personal data is securely encrypted
D. Limiting access to personal data to authorized personnel only
What is one of the primary goals of an IT audit in the context of compliance with HIPAA?
To improve the network speed of the healthcare organization
B. To assess whether personal health information is being appropriately secured and handled
C. To develop new features for medical software
D. To reduce the use of encryption protocols
Which of the following is NOT a component of an IT governance framework focused on regulatory compliance?
Clear policies for risk management
B. Regular audits and assessments
C. Limiting IT staff involvement in decision-making
D. Defined processes for handling sensitive data
What is a critical step in ensuring compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) for IT systems?
Avoiding the use of third-party software
B. Regularly testing and reviewing internal controls and systems for fraud prevention
C. Restricting access to financial systems
D. Ignoring potential IT vulnerabilities to reduce costs
In the context of IT governance and ethics, what does “data stewardship” mean?
Requiring employees to have full access to all organizational data
B. Ensuring that data is collected, processed, and protected responsibly throughout its lifecycle
C. Limiting the collection of data to internal sources only
D. Increasing the availability of all data for public access
What is a primary goal of IT governance in the context of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance?
To increase profits by lowering IT security costs
B. To ensure financial reporting is accurate and protected from unauthorized access
C. To allow unrestricted access to financial systems
D. To store financial records indefinitely without any controls
Which of the following actions would be considered unethical under IT governance practices related to data privacy laws like HIPAA?
Encrypting patient health information
B. Sharing patient data with unauthorized third parties
C. Implementing access control measures for medical records
D. Regularly backing up patient data to secure servers
Which IT governance principle is directly aligned with protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of health data under HIPAA?
Availability
B. Data minimization
C. Risk management
D. Data security and encryption
Which document is critical for ensuring compliance with HIPAA in an organization’s IT governance framework?
A non-disclosure agreement for vendors
B. The IT disaster recovery plan
C. A business associate agreement (BAA)
D. The system configuration management document
How can IT auditors assist organizations in preparing for Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance?
By eliminating all digital records
B. By identifying internal control weaknesses and recommending improvements
C. By outsourcing financial reporting to external vendors
D. By restricting access to financial information
Which of the following practices is essential for IT governance when managing sensitive data in compliance with GDPR?
Retaining data indefinitely for analysis
B. Limiting access to sensitive data to only authorized individuals
C. Sharing personal data freely within the organization
D. Encrypting data only on an ad-hoc basis
What is the purpose of an IT audit under Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) requirements?
To evaluate the financial performance of an organization
B. To assess whether the organization’s financial data systems are protected against fraud and errors
C. To reduce the cost of software applications
D. To ensure financial records are stored indefinitely
Which of the following is a key ethical concern regarding data privacy in IT governance?
Increasing the cost of encryption
B. Protecting sensitive personal information from unauthorized access or misuse
C. Encouraging unrestricted data sharing within an organization
D. Reducing the number of audit checks
Which of the following best describes the concept of “data integrity” in IT governance?
The process of storing data without any security measures
B. Ensuring that data is accurate, complete, and protected from unauthorized alterations
C. Increasing the availability of personal data for analysis
D. Allowing unrestricted access to all types of data
What is the role of encryption in ensuring compliance with privacy regulations like HIPAA and GDPR?
To make sensitive data unreadable to unauthorized individuals
B. To make data accessible to all employees
C. To store data on local servers
D. To avoid sharing data with external parties
In IT governance, what is the main purpose of implementing access control systems?
To reduce the complexity of IT operations
B. To ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive or critical data
C. To store all data in a central location
D. To ensure that financial transactions are publicly available
Which IT governance strategy helps organizations meet compliance with SOX by preventing fraud?
Implementing multi-factor authentication for financial systems
B. Allowing unrestricted access to financial records
C. Reducing encryption protocols for faster access
D. Eliminating external audits for cost savings
Which of the following is an ethical issue related to IT governance concerning personal data under GDPR?
Ensuring data is collected only for legitimate purposes
B. Storing personal data in non-secure formats
C. Allowing unrestricted access to personal data within the organization
D. Failing to inform users about data collection
Which of the following best describes the purpose of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) in IT governance?
To increase employee access to financial records
B. To ensure accurate and secure financial reporting systems to prevent fraud
C. To eliminate data security protocols in favor of transparency
D. To limit audits and reporting procedures
What is the ethical concern of unauthorized sharing of sensitive information under IT governance frameworks like HIPAA?
It helps improve organizational transparency
B. It could lead to patient harm, legal consequences, and reputational damage
C. It increases access to important health data
D. It reduces the need for encryption
Which of the following is a critical element of an IT governance framework that addresses IT audits in healthcare organizations under HIPAA?
Publicly sharing patient health records for transparency
B. Conducting regular audits to ensure compliance with patient data privacy standards
C. Minimizing data security measures to save costs
D. Allowing unrestricted access to medical data for research purposes
How does an organization ensure compliance with IT governance requirements under regulations like GDPR or HIPAA?
By allowing all employees access to sensitive personal data
B. By establishing clear data protection and privacy policies, and conducting regular audits
C. By ignoring compliance requirements to reduce costs
D. By outsourcing all data management tasks to external vendors
In the context of IT governance and ethics, what does the term “accountability” refer to?
The ability to track changes to data and systems to ensure compliance
B. The permission to share sensitive data with anyone
C. The unrestricted access to confidential information
D. The practice of eliminating IT audit checks
Which of the following is a primary reason for conducting an IT audit in healthcare under HIPAA?
To reduce the cost of healthcare software systems
B. To ensure that healthcare providers are not sharing sensitive patient data without consent
C. To increase healthcare data availability to unauthorized third parties
D. To allow employees to bypass encryption protocols
What is the importance of documentation in ensuring IT governance compliance with regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)?
It helps to verify compliance by providing evidence of internal controls and financial accuracy
B. It increases the complexity of financial data access
C. It reduces the transparency of financial operations
D. It eliminates the need for audits
Which of the following actions would be considered a violation of IT governance principles under GDPR?
Encrypting all personal data before storage
B. Sharing personal data without the explicit consent of the individual
C. Regularly auditing systems to ensure compliance
D. Limiting access to personal data to authorized individuals only
In the context of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), which of the following is required for financial systems?
Enabling unlimited access to financial data
B. Implementing effective internal controls over financial reporting
C. Storing financial data in unencrypted formats
D. Restricting the reporting of financial information to external auditors
What is a key objective of an IT audit for compliance with HIPAA?
To ensure that personal health information is easily accessible
B. To verify that patient health records are stored in secure and encrypted formats
C. To encourage unrestricted sharing of health data
D. To reduce the cost of compliance through minimal data protection
Under IT governance, what does “privacy by design” refer to?
Making privacy an afterthought in system design
B. Focusing on external audits to manage privacy issues
C. Integrating privacy protections into the design and architecture of IT systems from the beginning
D. Allowing unrestricted access to personal data for internal stakeholders
Which of the following is a common element of IT governance frameworks that ensures compliance with data privacy laws like GDPR?
Storing all personal data indefinitely
B. Providing clear procedures for data access, deletion, and processing
C. Ignoring user consent before collecting data
D. Sharing personal data with any third party for commercial purposes
What does the concept of “data minimization” mean under GDPR compliance?
Collecting as much data as possible to ensure complete records
B. Ensuring only necessary personal data is collected and retained for the shortest time possible
C. Storing data for an unlimited time to ensure full access
D. Allowing data sharing between companies for business growth
Which IT governance principle is essential for ensuring the availability and reliability of financial systems under Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)?
Risk management
B. Data minimization
C. Access control
D. System availability and reliability
Under HIPAA, what is the primary role of an IT audit in a healthcare organization?
To ensure the availability of all health records to the public
B. To assess and verify that sensitive health data is stored, processed, and shared in compliance with privacy laws
C. To allow third parties access to medical data for analysis
D. To remove all encryption protocols from medical records
What is a key requirement for complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in IT governance?
Ensuring that only top executives can access financial systems
B. Maintaining clear audit trails and logs to ensure the integrity of financial data
C. Minimizing encryption and access control protocols to improve efficiency
D. Sharing financial data freely across organizational departments
In the context of IT governance and data security, what is the principle of “least privilege”?
Allowing employees to access all systems and data
B. Granting users the minimum level of access necessary for their job functions
C. Sharing access to financial data without restrictions
D. Giving external auditors unrestricted access to internal systems
What does the term “data portability” mean under GDPR?
The right to keep personal data forever
B. The ability to transfer personal data from one service provider to another in a secure and standardized format
C. The freedom to use personal data without any restrictions
D. The right to store data on any unprotected storage medium
Under HIPAA, what is the consequence for a healthcare organization failing to conduct regular IT audits?
There is no penalty as long as the healthcare provider is well-meaning
B. The organization may face legal penalties and damage to its reputation
C. The organization will be exempt from compliance audits
D. There will be a reduction in the need for encryption and data protection
Which of the following would be a violation of IT governance practices under SOX compliance?
Implementing strong password policies
B. Allowing unrestricted access to financial reporting systems
C. Encrypting sensitive financial data
D. Performing regular IT audits of financial systems
Which of the following is an important aspect of IT governance when preparing for an IT audit under SOX?
Ensuring that financial systems are disconnected from the network
B. Ensuring that financial data is protected by strong internal controls and access restrictions
C. Allowing all employees to access financial records
D. Storing financial records without any encryption or security measures
Which of the following is NOT a requirement under the GDPR for managing personal data?
Personal data should be processed in a transparent manner
B. Personal data should be used for purposes other than originally intended
C. Personal data should be accurate and kept up to date
D. Personal data should be stored in a secure manner with appropriate access controls
What is the purpose of a Business Associate Agreement (BAA) in the context of HIPAA compliance?
To allow third parties to access health data without restrictions
B. To ensure that third-party vendors handling health data comply with HIPAA privacy and security requirements
C. To reduce the cost of data encryption for health records
D. To share patient data freely with any external organization
What role does IT governance play in ensuring compliance with privacy regulations like GDPR?
It ensures the organization can ignore the regulations to save on costs
B. It helps the organization protect personal data through privacy-by-design and accountability measures
C. It allows for unrestricted sharing of personal data with third parties
D. It reduces the need for auditing and oversight of data practices
Which of the following is a critical responsibility of an IT auditor when evaluating compliance with SOX?
Ensuring that only top executives have access to audit trails
B. Verifying that appropriate controls are in place to prevent fraudulent activities in financial reporting
C. Allowing internal teams to bypass security checks for efficiency
D. Reducing the number of audit checks to minimize costs
Under IT governance, what is the primary goal of implementing incident response plans in compliance with HIPAA?
To reduce the cost of healthcare IT systems
B. To ensure timely and effective response to data breaches involving personal health information
C. To allow unrestricted access to health data in emergencies
D. To store patient records without encryption
What is the role of encryption in maintaining compliance with IT governance under regulations like GDPR and HIPAA?
It allows for easier sharing of personal data
B. It ensures that sensitive personal and health data is unreadable to unauthorized parties
C. It eliminates the need for access controls
D. It allows for unrestricted access to all data
What does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) require organizations to do in terms of IT governance?
Allow external auditors unrestricted access to all internal systems
B. Implement and maintain robust internal controls over financial reporting
C. Reduce the costs of data encryption for financial data
D. Permit employees unrestricted access to financial records
Which of the following is a key consideration in IT governance for managing data privacy under GDPR?
Keeping all user data indefinitely for analysis
B. Implementing measures to anonymize personal data when feasible
C. Sharing personal data across all business units without restriction
D. Focusing solely on financial data without considering personal information
Under IT governance, what should be done if an organization experiences a data breach involving sensitive personal data?
The breach should be hidden from regulatory authorities to avoid penalties
B. The organization must notify affected individuals and regulatory bodies within specific timeframes
C. The organization should ignore the breach if no financial data was compromised
D. The organization should continue using the compromised system without any changes
What is the purpose of an IT governance framework?
To ensure that the IT department is independent from other business functions
B. To provide a set of principles that guide the management of IT assets and ensure compliance with regulations
C. To promote the use of proprietary technologies in an organization
D. To centralize control over all IT decisions to the IT department
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in terms of IT governance?
To ensure that all employees have access to all organizational data
B. To oversee the implementation of cybersecurity policies and compliance with regulations such as SOX and HIPAA
C. To monitor financial markets for compliance
D. To authorize unrestricted access to sensitive data for third-party vendors
Under GDPR, what is the “right to be forgotten”?
The right to access all personal data collected by an organization
B. The right to have personal data erased or anonymized when it is no longer needed for processing
C. The right to control which organization collects personal data
D. The right to download all personal data at any time
What should an IT audit focus on when reviewing an organization’s compliance with HIPAA?
Ensuring that personal health information is not stored or shared
B. Verifying that the organization implements proper data protection measures, including encryption and access control
C. Allowing unrestricted access to all health data by employees
D. Focusing exclusively on non-sensitive organizational data
Which of the following is a key compliance requirement under SOX for IT governance?
Financial data should be accessible only to top management
B. An independent audit of the IT systems used in financial reporting must be conducted
C. IT systems should not be subject to any form of oversight
D. IT data should be stored in any location without considering security
Which of the following best describes an example of ethical IT governance in the context of user data?
Selling user data to third parties without consent
B. Providing users with clear information about how their data will be used and obtaining their consent before processing their personal data
C. Sharing personal data across different organizations for profit
D. Ignoring data protection regulations in favor of increasing revenue
Under IT governance, how should sensitive data be handled to comply with GDPR?
It should be stored indefinitely in an unencrypted format
B. It should be processed only for the specific purposes it was collected and deleted when no longer needed
C. It should be shared with any third-party organization that requests it
D. It should be accessible by all employees without any restrictions
What is the role of an IT governance committee within an organization?
To make decisions about daily IT operations
B. To oversee the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and ensure compliance with regulations
C. To handle all technical troubleshooting for IT systems
D. To approve individual IT projects without consideration of their alignment with organizational goals
What is an example of a consequence of non-compliance with HIPAA in an IT governance context?
The organization may face penalties, legal consequences, and loss of trust from patients
B. The organization will receive financial incentives from the government
C. The organization will be exempt from regulatory audits
D. There will be no consequences as long as the organization takes corrective actions later
Under SOX, which of the following is a critical IT governance responsibility for ensuring the accuracy of financial reporting?
Ensuring that all financial records are printed and kept in hardcopy form
B. Providing access to financial systems for all employees without restriction
C. Implementing a system of internal controls and conducting regular audits of financial systems
D. Focusing only on the software used for financial reporting, without considering security
In the context of IT governance, what does the term “business continuity planning” refer to?
Ensuring that all IT systems remain operational during a disaster or crisis
B. Ensuring that financial data is stored indefinitely
C. Allowing employees to bypass security systems in emergencies
D. Reducing IT staff to minimize costs
Which of the following is NOT a principle of effective IT governance?
Aligning IT goals with business objectives
B. Ensuring compliance with legal, regulatory, and ethical standards
C. Limiting IT governance to the IT department
D. Protecting sensitive data and ensuring privacy
Which regulation requires organizations to ensure that personal health information is protected and accessible only by authorized individuals?
Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)
B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
C. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
D. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
Under GDPR, what is required of an organization regarding the processing of personal data?
Personal data should be processed lawfully, transparently, and for specific, legitimate purposes
B. Personal data should be processed without any regard for the purpose
C. Personal data should be shared with external organizations freely
D. Personal data should be deleted after collection without any processing
What is the primary focus of an IT audit under SOX compliance?
To ensure that financial systems are updated with the latest features
B. To verify that IT systems related to financial reporting are secure, accurate, and reliable
C. To review the general operation of IT systems without focusing on security
D. To ensure that all financial data is stored in paper form
Which of the following is a primary objective of implementing IT governance policies regarding user data?
To ensure that data is shared freely with third-party marketers
B. To protect sensitive user data and ensure compliance with privacy laws and regulations
C. To allow unlimited access to user data for all employees
D. To delete user data as soon as it is collected
What does the principle of “transparency” mean in the context of IT governance and data privacy?
Users are unaware of how their data is being collected and used
B. Organizations should provide users with clear, accessible information about how their personal data is collected, used, and protected
C. Personal data should be processed secretly
D. Organizations should avoid informing users about their data rights
Which of the following best describes a key responsibility of the IT governance team in ensuring compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)?
Ensuring all financial data is deleted within 30 days of collection
B. Implementing controls to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting systems
C. Allowing unfettered access to financial records for all employees
D. Storing financial records only in physical form without digital backups
What is the primary objective of implementing strong data encryption in an organization’s IT governance strategy?
To ensure data is not used by employees
B. To secure sensitive data and comply with privacy regulations like HIPAA and GDPR
C. To make data accessible to everyone in the organization
D. To reduce IT costs by avoiding security measures
Under HIPAA, which of the following must an organization do to maintain compliance regarding patient data?
Share patient data with any organization upon request
B. Encrypt patient data and limit access only to authorized personnel
C. Delete patient records immediately after treatment
D. Exempt financial data from patient privacy regulations
Which of the following is a potential ethical concern in the management of personal data in IT governance?
Ensuring that personal data is stored indefinitely for future use
B. Making personal data accessible to all employees within the organization
C. Collecting only necessary data and securing it against unauthorized access
D. Sharing personal data with third parties without consent
Which of the following best describes a strategy for managing third-party vendors in terms of IT governance?
Ignoring third-party access controls as they are not relevant
B. Ensuring third-party vendors comply with the organization’s IT security policies and regulatory requirements
C. Allowing vendors to access all organizational data without restriction
D. Using third-party vendors exclusively for non-critical functions
What is the purpose of data retention policies in the context of IT governance?
To store all data indefinitely for future use
B. To determine how long data should be stored based on legal, regulatory, and business requirements
C. To delete all data as soon as it is collected
D. To make all organizational data publicly accessible
Which of the following best describes the role of an IT auditor in ensuring compliance with IT governance regulations like SOX?
To monitor IT systems continuously without regard for regulations
B. To assess and ensure that internal controls and processes related to financial reporting are in place and effective
C. To prevent employees from using technology for business-related purposes
D. To review and approve all IT purchases
What is the purpose of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in IT governance?
To ensure uninterrupted access to sensitive data
B. To plan and implement strategies for maintaining IT operations during a disaster or crisis
C. To eliminate all risks related to data storage
D. To reduce IT spending by eliminating backup systems
What is the primary responsibility of an organization’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) regarding IT governance?
To ignore data privacy regulations in favor of innovation
B. To ensure that IT strategies align with business goals and comply with relevant regulations
C. To manage all day-to-day technical operations of the IT department
D. To reduce the number of IT audits
Which of the following is a key component of a data privacy policy in the context of IT governance?
Allowing unlimited access to personal data by third-party contractors
B. Ensuring that personal data is only used for the purpose it was collected and that it is protected from unauthorized access
C. Sharing personal data with other companies to generate revenue
D. Collecting as much personal data as possible for future analysis
What is the primary function of the IT governance committee?
To perform all technical troubleshooting in the IT department
B. To oversee and guide IT initiatives, ensuring they are aligned with business goals and regulatory requirements
C. To make all operational decisions for the IT department without consulting other departments
D. To provide unlimited access to sensitive company data for all employees
Under GDPR, what is a “data processor”?
An individual or organization that collects personal data for their own purposes
B. An individual or organization that processes personal data on behalf of a data controller
C. A third-party that is exempt from GDPR compliance
D. A person who manages IT infrastructure and security
What is a key ethical consideration in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in IT governance?
Ensuring that AI systems are designed and used transparently, without bias, and with consideration of their impact on privacy and fairness
B. Using AI to monitor employee activities without their consent
C. Allowing AI systems to make decisions without human oversight
D. Ignoring privacy concerns in favor of efficiency
Which of the following would be a violation of ethical IT governance?
Implementing strong security protocols to protect user data
B. Disabling employees’ access to data after they leave the organization
C. Using customer data for purposes other than those disclosed to the customer, without their consent
D. Ensuring that sensitive data is encrypted both in transit and at rest
Which of the following is an example of a compliance risk in IT governance?
Implementing regular software updates to improve security
B. Failing to meet regulatory requirements such as those set by SOX, GDPR, or HIPAA
C. Encouraging employees to regularly change their passwords
D. Encrypting sensitive customer information
What is the primary goal of IT governance in an organization?
To ensure that all IT systems are in use without regard for business needs
B. To manage IT resources, ensure compliance with regulations, and align IT strategies with business objectives
C. To allow unlimited access to organizational data for all employees
D. To focus exclusively on increasing profits through technology
What is the role of a Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR?
To oversee the legal and ethical use of personal data, ensuring that the organization complies with data protection laws
B. To manage the IT department’s hardware resources
C. To monitor employee performance and activities
D. To develop marketing strategies for the company
What is the consequence of non-compliance with SOX regulations in IT governance?
The organization may face financial penalties, loss of public trust, and legal consequences
B. The organization may receive government grants
C. The organization will be exempt from future audits
D. There are no consequences as long as the company corrects the issue later
Which of the following describes a key function of an IT governance framework?
To manage the organization’s IT budget
B. To ensure that all technology decisions align with organizational goals and comply with legal and regulatory requirements
C. To allow IT departments to operate independently from business objectives
D. To prevent audits and compliance checks
What is the best practice for handling an organization’s cybersecurity vulnerabilities under IT governance?
Ignoring vulnerabilities until they cause a major issue
B. Regularly assessing and patching vulnerabilities to protect sensitive data and ensure compliance with regulations
C. Allowing employees to access any system at their discretion
D. Storing all data on local devices without encryption
Which of the following is a primary consideration when designing an effective IT governance framework?
Ensuring only the IT department is involved in decision-making
B. Aligning IT strategies with organizational goals and regulatory requirements
C. Ignoring regulations as long as systems are functioning
D. Focusing only on the technical aspects of IT management
Which of the following is a key element of an IT governance model based on risk management?
Identifying and addressing potential IT risks to ensure that governance processes minimize harm to the organization
B. Ignoring potential risks in favor of faster system implementation
C. Focusing solely on the financial aspects of IT management
D. Reducing security measures to save costs
Under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), what must companies do to ensure the protection of personal data?
Share all personal data freely between departments
B. Provide adequate safeguards, like encryption, and allow individuals to control their data
C. Collect personal data indefinitely without consent
D. Ignore the rights of individuals regarding their personal data
What is the purpose of implementing a “least privilege” access policy in IT governance?
To ensure that users have access to all company data for productivity
B. To minimize the risk of unauthorized access by granting users only the necessary permissions
C. To give IT administrators unlimited access to all systems
D. To allow employees to bypass company policies for greater flexibility
Which of the following is an example of an ethical concern related to employee monitoring in IT governance?
Ensuring that employee activities are only monitored for security and productivity purposes, with clear policies in place
B. Monitoring employees’ every action without transparency or consent
C. Monitoring employees only when they request it
D. Allowing managers unrestricted access to employees’ personal data without justification
What is the primary goal of compliance with HIPAA in IT governance?
To prevent employees from accessing patient information
B. To protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient health data
C. To collect and sell patient health data to third parties
D. To disregard patient privacy concerns if they interfere with business goals
Which of the following is an example of a best practice for securing sensitive data within an organization’s IT infrastructure?
Storing data in unencrypted files accessible to all employees
B. Encrypting sensitive data both in transit and at rest to protect it from unauthorized access
C. Using weak passwords for data storage systems to simplify user access
D. Sharing encryption keys with unauthorized third parties to facilitate easier access
What is the primary responsibility of an organization’s Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) in IT governance?
To ensure the IT department operates without regard for legal and regulatory requirements
B. To oversee compliance with IT regulations and ensure the organization meets legal requirements such as SOX, HIPAA, and GDPR
C. To restrict all employee access to technology resources
D. To focus exclusively on IT infrastructure improvements without considering compliance issues
Under SOX regulations, what must organizations do to maintain compliance in relation to financial reporting?
Ensure that all financial records are stored digitally and can be altered easily
B. Implement internal controls and processes that guarantee the accuracy and reliability of financial data
C. Share financial data with third-party vendors without restriction
D. Ignore the need for financial audits if the company is privately owned
What is a critical aspect of data privacy in the context of IT governance?
Allowing free access to personal data for all employees
B. Ensuring that personal data is protected from unauthorized access and that individuals’ rights to privacy are respected
C. Collecting as much personal data as possible to improve marketing efforts
D. Ignoring privacy concerns if they do not affect revenue generation
Which of the following best describes the role of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in IT governance?
To manage the IT department’s financial budget
B. To ensure that all IT security protocols align with organizational goals and comply with relevant laws and regulations
C. To reduce IT security measures to save costs
D. To handle all internal employee relations issues within the IT department
Which of the following is an ethical concern related to the use of employee data within an organization’s IT systems?
Collecting data on employee performance with transparency and consent
B. Using employee data without their knowledge or consent for non-work-related purposes
C. Ensuring that employee data is securely stored and protected
D. All of the above
What is the main purpose of conducting a data audit in the context of IT governance?
To identify and eliminate all data stored within the organization
B. To assess the accuracy, integrity, and security of data and ensure compliance with regulatory standards
C. To ensure that all data is immediately deleted
D. To monitor employee behavior without their consent
Which of the following is an important factor in ensuring the success of an organization’s IT governance framework?
Having a top-down approach with strong leadership support for governance and compliance
B. Allowing employees to bypass governance policies for greater flexibility
C. Focusing solely on technological solutions without considering organizational needs
D. Ignoring the need for regular reviews and updates to governance strategies
Which of the following is a key challenge in IT governance concerning data security?
Ensuring all data is stored in physical form to reduce risks
B. Managing and mitigating the risks associated with data breaches and cyberattacks while ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements
C. Allowing unlimited access to data for all employees
D. Ignoring the use of encryption to save resources
What is a key aspect of implementing a privacy policy under IT governance?
Disregarding user consent for data collection
B. Ensuring that users are informed about how their personal data is used and giving them control over it
C. Sharing personal data with third parties without restrictions
D. Storing personal data indefinitely
Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of ensuring ethical behavior within IT governance?
Encouraging employees to bypass company policies when necessary for efficiency
B. Implementing clear ethical guidelines for technology use and ensuring accountability for all actions
C. Ignoring the impact of technology on privacy and ethics
D. Allowing IT staff to access sensitive data for personal use
What is the primary function of an IT governance framework in managing data breaches?
To prevent employees from reporting data breaches
B. To establish protocols and responses to mitigate the impact of data breaches and ensure compliance with laws
C. To ignore breaches if they don’t result in immediate financial losses
D. To delete all data immediately after a breach
Which of the following best describes the term “information asymmetry” in the context of IT governance?
A situation where all stakeholders have equal access to information
B. A situation where one party has more or better information than another party, often leading to unethical decision-making
C. A process where information is shared equally among all departments
D. A state where no information is shared at all between departments
What is the primary purpose of risk management in IT governance?
To eliminate all IT risks by shutting down systems and networks
B. To identify, assess, and manage risks to minimize negative impacts on organizational goals and regulatory compliance
C. To ignore potential risks to save on security resources
D. To allow any risk to be managed after it becomes an issue
Which of the following best describes a “compliance framework” in IT governance?
A set of regulations focused on ensuring profitability within an organization
B. A collection of policies and procedures that help organizations meet legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements
C. A system for monitoring employee activities in the workplace
D. A set of technologies that automates all IT-related governance tasks
What role does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) play in IT governance?
It requires companies to protect employees’ privacy but not their data
B. It establishes requirements for accurate financial reporting and internal controls over IT systems used in financial data processing
C. It focuses only on data privacy for consumer information
D. It mandates that organizations provide free access to financial records for all employees
Which of the following is a critical component of a data privacy policy under IT governance?
Collecting as much user data as possible without informing users
B. Clearly stating how data will be collected, stored, and used, and giving individuals control over their personal information
C. Selling data to third parties without user consent
D. Allowing unlimited access to personal data for marketing purposes
What is one of the main objectives of information technology (IT) audits in governance?
To reduce company expenses by eliminating IT systems
B. To verify that an organization’s IT systems and data management comply with internal policies and regulatory requirements
C. To ensure that employees use all IT systems to their fullest extent
D. To monitor only the financial transactions in IT systems
Which of the following is true about the role of IT governance in organizational ethics?
IT governance should solely focus on technical issues, ignoring ethical considerations
B. IT governance frameworks should align IT policies with ethical business practices and regulatory standards
C. Ethical issues in IT governance are not a concern as long as systems work efficiently
D. IT governance should prioritize efficiency over ethical concerns
What does the concept of “data stewardship” refer to in IT governance?
The practice of collecting data without regard for privacy or regulations
B. The management and oversight of data assets, ensuring that data is used ethically and in compliance with legal requirements
C. The transfer of data ownership to external third parties
D. Using data solely for profit-driven purposes
What is the main focus of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in relation to IT governance?
To reduce the cost of IT equipment in healthcare organizations
B. To ensure the security and privacy of health information in IT systems and processes
C. To allow unlimited access to health data for marketing purposes
D. To prevent healthcare organizations from using IT systems
Which of the following is an essential element for managing IT risks within an organization?
Identifying potential IT risks, assessing their impact, and implementing controls to mitigate them
B. Ignoring any risks as long as IT systems remain functional
C. Allowing all employees to have unrestricted access to IT systems
D. Removing all IT security measures to increase operational efficiency
Which of the following is a consequence of failing to comply with data protection laws like GDPR or HIPAA in IT governance?
Reduced investment in IT systems
B. Fines, legal action, and loss of trust from customers and stakeholders
C. Enhanced system functionality without any concerns
D. Increased profit for the organization
In the context of IT governance, what is the significance of “security governance”?
It refers to monitoring employee behavior only during work hours
B. It ensures that an organization’s information security policies and procedures support organizational goals and compliance requirements
C. It focuses on IT infrastructure without considering security risks
D. It aims to reduce the security budget to maximize profits
Which of the following is an example of unethical IT governance practice?
Ensuring proper encryption and secure storage of sensitive data
B. Ignoring data privacy regulations and sharing personal data with unauthorized parties
C. Conducting regular IT audits to ensure compliance with security policies
D. Setting up secure access controls for sensitive data
What is the purpose of an IT governance risk management framework?
To allow organizations to ignore security risks in favor of speed
B. To proactively identify and mitigate risks to protect organizational assets and ensure compliance with laws and regulations
C. To reduce the organization’s IT budget by eliminating risk management protocols
D. To ensure no actions are taken to mitigate risks until a problem arises
What does “confidentiality” mean in the context of IT governance and ethics?
Allowing all employees access to sensitive company data
B. Ensuring that data is accessible to only authorized personnel and protecting it from unauthorized access
C. Ignoring the importance of data privacy for customers
D. Publicly sharing all sensitive data for transparency purposes
What is the primary goal of IT governance in relation to organizational performance?
To reduce all IT expenditures regardless of system effectiveness
B. To align IT objectives with business goals, ensuring both compliance and performance improvements
C. To focus solely on technology solutions without considering broader organizational impact
D. To make technology decisions without consulting other departments
Which of the following is an example of a security best practice in IT governance?
Using weak passwords to reduce complexity
B. Encrypting sensitive data and ensuring secure access controls to prevent unauthorized access
C. Ignoring the implementation of multi-factor authentication
D. Allowing employees to share passwords freely
Which of the following is a risk associated with improper IT governance?
Maximized operational efficiency with no issues
B. Potential legal liabilities, financial penalties, and reputational damage from non-compliance or security breaches
C. Improved employee morale and productivity
D. Reduction in IT infrastructure investments
Which of the following is an IT governance best practice for responding to a data breach?
Ignoring the breach until it affects profits
B. Immediately notifying affected individuals and authorities, while initiating corrective measures
C. Focusing solely on internal company operations without considering external consequences
D. Deleting all data involved in the breach without investigating further
What does the term “accountability” mean in the context of IT governance?
Holding IT personnel responsible for everything that happens in the organization
B. Ensuring that individuals and teams are responsible for their actions and decisions related to IT systems and data security
C. Ignoring the role of employees in safeguarding IT systems
D. Allowing departments to act independently without any oversight
What is the purpose of an IT governance framework in healthcare organizations?
To reduce healthcare data privacy and security regulations
B. To ensure the secure and ethical management of sensitive patient data, in compliance with laws such as HIPAA
C. To ignore IT regulations if they interfere with operational efficiency
D. To outsource all IT functions without oversight
Which of the following is a best practice when implementing a compliance program in IT governance?
Ensuring all employees are trained on legal and regulatory requirements that impact their roles
B. Allowing employees to bypass compliance protocols for increased productivity
C. Ignoring industry standards and focusing solely on internal company procedures
D. Not auditing the program once it has been established
What is the primary purpose of IT governance in an organization?
To ensure the organization’s technology functions without any oversight
B. To align IT strategies with business objectives, ensuring compliance and efficient risk management
C. To focus solely on the efficiency of IT systems without considering business goals
D. To eliminate all forms of risk in the organization’s IT systems
Which of the following is an ethical concern in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in IT governance?
Using AI to automate routine tasks without considering bias or fairness
B. Ensuring AI algorithms are transparent, unbiased, and respect data privacy
C. Using AI only to increase profits without regard to ethical implications
D. Limiting AI to customer service functions only
What is one of the key principles behind the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
Making data freely available to any company that requests it
B. Giving individuals greater control over their personal data and how it is used
C. Allowing organizations to store and process personal data indefinitely
D. Limiting companies’ ability to use personal data for marketing
Which of the following is a key responsibility of an IT auditor in governance?
To create new software applications for the organization
B. To evaluate the effectiveness of IT policies, controls, and compliance with relevant regulations
C. To manage the organization’s IT infrastructure directly
D. To provide financial advice on IT spending
In the context of IT governance, which of the following is a key aspect of risk management?
Ignoring security risks to prioritize cost-cutting
B. Proactively identifying, assessing, and managing risks to protect the organization’s data and systems
C. Limiting IT resources to avoid risk exposure
D. Taking no action until a security breach occurs
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good data governance?
Ensuring data is accurate, accessible, and used ethically
B. Implementing strong data security and privacy measures
C. Ignoring industry standards and regulations related to data management
D. Defining clear roles and responsibilities for managing data
What is the role of IT governance in maintaining regulatory compliance?
To ignore compliance requirements if they are too costly to implement
B. To develop and enforce policies that ensure the organization adheres to relevant laws and regulations
C. To prevent the organization from following regulatory changes
D. To delegate regulatory compliance entirely to third-party vendors
Which of the following is a potential consequence of failing to comply with IT governance regulations, such as Sarbanes-Oxley?
Enhanced employee productivity
B. Legal liabilities, fines, and damage to the organization’s reputation
C. Increased profitability
D. Improved technology infrastructure without limitations
Which of the following is a key ethical issue related to cloud computing in IT governance?
Ensuring that cloud providers are transparent about their security practices and data handling policies
B. Restricting access to cloud resources for all employees
C. Ignoring the need for encryption when storing data in the cloud
D. Allowing all employees to store sensitive data without access restrictions
What is the significance of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the context of IT governance?
It focuses on providing tax cuts for companies implementing new IT systems
B. It mandates stringent internal controls and financial reporting practices to prevent fraud, impacting IT systems used for financial data management
C. It allows businesses to circumvent financial audits
D. It requires organizations to disclose all IT-related expenses
Which of the following is a recommended best practice for IT governance in healthcare organizations to ensure HIPAA compliance?
Storing sensitive health data without encryption
B. Implementing strong access controls and encryption methods for health data
C. Allowing unrestricted access to patient records for all employees
D. Ignoring patient consent when sharing data
Which of the following is an ethical issue in IT governance regarding employee monitoring?
Constantly monitoring employees without informing them, breaching their privacy rights
B. Keeping employees informed about monitoring practices and obtaining consent where required
C. Ignoring any form of employee monitoring for better productivity
D. Monitoring only employees who work remotely
In IT governance, what does “access control” refer to?
Limiting employee access to all systems, regardless of their role
B. A system of policies and tools that ensures only authorized individuals have access to sensitive data and IT systems
C. Giving unrestricted access to all employees for system maintenance
D. Limiting access to external vendors only
Which of the following actions is considered ethical in the context of IT governance?
Accessing an employee’s private data without consent for personal reasons
B. Implementing data security and privacy policies to protect personal and organizational data
C. Sharing sensitive personal data without user consent to third parties
D. Ignoring security breaches if they do not impact daily operations
What is the significance of an IT governance risk assessment?
To identify risks that could undermine the organization’s IT operations and implement measures to manage them
B. To provide a way to eliminate all IT-related risks
C. To focus solely on financial risks without considering IT-related threats
D. To allow risks to continue as long as they do not affect profitability
Which of the following is a best practice for handling sensitive customer data in IT governance?
Collecting as much personal data as possible for analysis
B. Storing sensitive customer data in unencrypted formats for easy access
C. Implementing encryption, access controls, and privacy policies to protect customer data
D. Sharing customer data without user consent for marketing purposes
Which of the following is a key requirement of an effective IT governance program?
Ignoring regulatory requirements to improve efficiency
B. Implementing structured policies and procedures that align IT operations with business goals and regulatory standards
C. Only focusing on IT systems without considering business impacts
D. Allowing managers to make decisions about IT governance without consulting external experts
What is the importance of ethical guidelines in IT governance?
To ensure compliance with international laws without considering business operations
B. To provide a framework for making fair and responsible decisions in managing IT systems and data
C. To encourage the use of unethical practices to improve business outcomes
D. To eliminate any legal responsibilities related to data security
Which of the following is a primary focus of data stewardship in IT governance?
Collecting as much data as possible without considering ethical concerns
B. Ensuring that data is properly managed, protected, and used responsibly throughout its lifecycle
C. Ignoring regulatory requirements for data management
D. Allowing anyone in the organization to access all data
What is the main objective of IT compliance management in governance?
To ensure that the organization’s IT operations are aligned with legal and regulatory requirements
B. To allow employees to bypass security measures for convenience
C. To prevent the IT department from implementing any new technologies
D. To focus solely on technical solutions without considering legal implications