NCLEX Cancer and Oncology Nursing Practice Exam
Which of the following is the most common side effect of chemotherapy?
A) Diarrhea
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Pain
D) Anemia
A patient with cancer is receiving radiation therapy. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A) Monitor the patient’s vital signs.
B) Assess the patient’s skin for radiation burns.
C) Ensure the patient is well-hydrated.
D) Administer antiemetics as prescribed.
A nurse is teaching a patient with cancer about chemotherapy. Which of the following should the nurse include?
A) “You will need to avoid all physical activity during treatment.”
B) “Chemotherapy can cause hair loss, but it is usually temporary.”
C) “Chemotherapy will not affect your ability to work.”
D) “You will not need to follow a special diet during treatment.”
Which of the following is a common sign of radiation sickness?
A) Severe headache
B) Abdominal cramping
C) Nausea and vomiting
D) Sudden weight gain
A patient with cancer has a platelet count of 45,000/mm³. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
A) Place the patient on strict bed rest.
B) Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.
C) Monitor for signs of bleeding.
D) Administer blood transfusions.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following is a priority nursing assessment?
A) Respiratory rate
B) Bowel function
C) Blood pressure
D) White blood cell count
Which of the following chemotherapy side effects is associated with an increased risk of infection?
A) Alopecia
B) Nausea
C) Neutropenia
D) Fatigue
What is the primary nursing concern for a patient receiving chemotherapy with a low white blood cell count?
A) Risk for hemorrhage
B) Risk for infection
C) Risk for constipation
D) Risk for dehydration
A patient with cancer is experiencing pain. The nurse should assess for which of the following?
A) Pain scale rating
B) Appetite changes
C) Bowel movements
D) Skin temperature
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to manage nausea?
A) Administer antipyretics
B) Encourage the patient to eat large meals.
C) Offer ginger or peppermint tea.
D) Increase the patient’s fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
Which of the following findings would indicate a possible complication of a bone marrow suppression due to chemotherapy?
A) Elevated white blood cell count
B) Sudden weight gain
C) Low hemoglobin level
D) High platelet count
A patient is receiving external radiation therapy. The nurse should teach the patient to avoid which of the following?
A) Exposure to sunlight
B) Physical activity
C) Taking warm baths
D) Drinking cold beverages
Which of the following is an expected side effect of external radiation therapy?
A) Hair loss in the treatment area
B) Increased appetite
C) Weight gain
D) Decreased risk of infection
Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further teaching regarding chemotherapy side effects?
A) “I may experience nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy.”
B) “I should avoid people with infections during my treatment.”
C) “I will be able to continue working without any changes.”
D) “My hair may fall out, but it will grow back after treatment.”
Which of the following is the most common symptom of leukemia?
A) Fatigue
B) Weight gain
C) Night sweats
D) Difficulty breathing
A nurse is assessing a patient with metastatic cancer. Which of the following findings is most concerning?
A) Pain localized to the affected area
B) New onset of shortness of breath
C) Decreased appetite
D) Fatigue
Which of the following lab results would be most concerning for a patient receiving chemotherapy?
A) Hemoglobin 10 g/dL
B) Platelet count of 30,000/mm³
C) Sodium level 137 mEq/L
D) Potassium level 4.0 mEq/L
A patient with breast cancer is undergoing chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to manage fatigue?
A) Encourage the patient to increase physical activity.
B) Suggest the patient take afternoon naps.
C) Offer frequent small meals to improve energy levels.
D) Limit the patient’s fluid intake to reduce fatigue.
A patient with cancer has developed superior vena cava syndrome. Which of the following symptoms is most likely?
A) Swelling of the face and neck
B) Severe abdominal pain
C) Difficulty swallowing
D) Diarrhea
A patient with cancer asks the nurse about ways to cope with anxiety. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
A) “You should try to avoid thinking about your diagnosis.”
B) “It’s helpful to talk with other patients who have cancer.”
C) “You should avoid any physical activity to prevent stress.”
D) “Anxiety is a normal part of treatment and should be ignored.”
Which of the following should be included in a nurse’s assessment of a patient receiving chemotherapy?
A) Nutritional status
B) Eye color
C) Urine output
D) Urinary retention
A patient is receiving chemotherapy and develops mucositis. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Administer pain medication as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to avoid all oral care.
C) Offer hot liquids to soothe the mouth.
D) Recommend chewing gum to stimulate saliva production.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a newly diagnosed cancer. Which of the following is most important to include in the patient’s plan of care?
A) Educating the patient about the prognosis
B) Assessing the patient’s coping strategies
C) Reassuring the patient that treatment will be effective
D) Encouraging the patient to avoid all social interactions
Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
A) Ondansetron
B) Dantrolene
C) Prednisone
D) Lorazepam
A patient undergoing radiation therapy reports feeling tired and fatigued. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Encourage the patient to take regular naps.
B) Increase the patient’s physical activity level.
C) Discourage the patient from resting.
D) Restrict the patient’s intake of fluids.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following would be most concerning?
A) Complaints of mild nausea
B) WBC count of 3,000/mm³
C) Diarrhea
D) Mild hair loss
A nurse is providing care for a patient with cancer experiencing severe pain. Which of the following is a priority?
A) Administer prescribed analgesics as needed.
B) Encourage the patient to engage in physical therapy.
C) Discuss alternative therapies before providing medications.
D) Offer spiritual counseling to address emotional distress.
Which of the following is the most appropriate action for a nurse caring for a patient with terminal cancer?
A) Focus solely on the patient’s physical symptoms.
B) Emphasize curative treatments over palliative care.
C) Provide comfort measures to alleviate suffering.
D) Avoid discussions about end-of-life care.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving palliative care. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to address pain management?
A) Administer opioid analgesics regularly as prescribed.
B) Offer herbal supplements to reduce discomfort.
C) Encourage the patient to endure the pain.
D) Limit fluid intake to reduce discomfort.
Which of the following is an early warning sign of cancer?
A) Unexplained weight loss
B) Fever and chills
C) Leg swelling
D) Loss of appetite
A patient with lung cancer develops hemoptysis. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
A) Administer prescribed pain medications.
B) Monitor vital signs, particularly respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.
C) Encourage the patient to rest and avoid talking.
D) Place the patient in a low Fowler’s position.
A patient with prostate cancer is receiving hormone therapy. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction
C) Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
D) Increased urine output
A patient receiving chemotherapy develops oral mucositis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to manage this condition?
A) Apply ice packs to the mouth to reduce swelling.
B) Avoid the use of mouthwashes or rinses.
C) Encourage soft, bland foods and liquids.
D) Administer corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Which of the following interventions is most important when a patient is receiving chemotherapy and develops neutropenia?
A) Encourage high-protein meals.
B) Implement strict hand hygiene and isolation precautions.
C) Increase fluid intake to promote renal function.
D) Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?
A) Encourage the patient to take deep breaths to prevent lung congestion.
B) Advise the patient to eat large meals to avoid weight loss.
C) Monitor the patient for signs of gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea or vomiting.
D) Limit the patient’s fluid intake to prevent edema
A patient with cancer is receiving palliative care. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention?
A) Provide emotional support for both the patient and family.
B) Focus solely on curative therapies.
C) Discourage family members from discussing end-of-life concerns.
D) Limit narcotic pain medications to avoid dependence.
A nurse is teaching a patient about the side effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I may lose my hair, but it should grow back after treatment.”
B) “I should take precautions to avoid infections during treatment.”
C) “I should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.”
D) “Chemotherapy will cure my cancer without any side effects.”
A patient is being treated for ovarian cancer and is experiencing severe fatigue. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
A) Encourage bed rest for long periods to conserve energy.
B) Suggest frequent short periods of activity throughout the day.
C) Advise the patient to avoid all physical activity.
D) Limit fluid intake to reduce energy consumption.
Which of the following is the most important intervention for a patient with cancer experiencing pain due to bone metastasis?
A) Administer opioid analgesics as prescribed.
B) Use ice or heat packs to reduce pain.
C) Encourage the patient to engage in physical activity.
D) Recommend meditation and relaxation techniques.
A patient receiving chemotherapy has developed peripheral neuropathy. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Advise the patient to rest the affected area.
B) Monitor for signs of infection and pressure ulcers.
C) Teach the patient to wear compression stockings to improve circulation.
D) Encourage the patient to increase physical activity to relieve symptoms.
A nurse is caring for a patient with advanced pancreatic cancer. The patient is experiencing intractable pain. Which of the following is the nurse’s priority action?
A) Administer the prescribed opioid analgesic.
B) Provide emotional support to the patient.
C) Suggest relaxation techniques and guided imagery.
D) Reassure the patient that pain will decrease with time.
A patient with cervical cancer is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
A) Renal failure
B) Skin irritation at the treatment site
C) Hearing loss
D) Visual disturbances
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of cancer who is now in remission. Which of the following is the most important nursing action?
A) Encourage the patient to maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine.
B) Schedule the patient for regular follow-up appointments and screenings.
C) Advise the patient to avoid all social interactions to prevent infections.
D) Focus only on managing pain, as the cancer is no longer active.
Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse give to a patient undergoing chemotherapy who is experiencing a decrease in appetite?
A) Recommend eating three large meals per day to increase calorie intake.
B) Suggest small, frequent meals with high-calorie and high-protein foods.
C) Encourage the patient to consume only liquids and avoid solid foods.
D) Advise the patient to avoid any food with a strong odor.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who has developed hypercalcemia due to bone metastasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A) Administer calcium supplements as prescribed.
B) Increase fluid intake to promote excretion of calcium.
C) Administer a diuretic to reduce fluid retention.
D) Limit the patient’s mobility to prevent fractures.
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy who is at risk for thrombocytopenia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Encourage frequent hand washing and strict hygiene.
B) Limit the patient’s activity to prevent bruising.
C) Monitor the patient’s blood pressure closely for hypertension.
D) Encourage the patient to consume high-fiber foods to prevent constipation.
A patient is receiving chemotherapy and develops stomatitis. The nurse should recommend which of the following actions?
A) Use a hard-bristled toothbrush to clean the mouth.
B) Avoid spicy or acidic foods.
C) Encourage mouthwash with alcohol to reduce bacterial growth.
D) Encourage the patient to drink large amounts of citrus juice.
A patient with lung cancer is receiving palliative care. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following symptoms?
A) Severe chest pain
B) Dyspnea and oxygen desaturation
C) Weight gain and swelling
D) Severe nausea and vomiting
A nurse is educating a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy about the importance of maintaining hydration. The nurse explains that hydration helps prevent which of the following complications?
A) Mucositis
B) Nephrotoxicity
C) Alopecia
D) Anemia
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed radiation-induced skin changes. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) Apply ice packs to the area to reduce redness.
B) Use mild soap and water to cleanse the affected area.
C) Rub the skin gently to increase circulation.
D) Apply greasy ointments to the skin to prevent dryness.
A patient with breast cancer is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
A) Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to drink ginger tea.
C) Offer ice chips to hydrate the patient.
D) Suggest deep breathing exercises to manage nausea.
A patient with cancer asks about the prognosis. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?
A) “You should not worry about the prognosis. Focus on getting well.”
B) “The prognosis varies greatly depending on the type and stage of cancer.”
C) “The prognosis is always poor for patients with cancer.”
D) “The prognosis depends on whether you follow the treatment plan.”
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. The nurse should monitor for which of the following side effects?
A) Difficulty swallowing
B) Diarrhea
C) Hair loss on the scalp
D) Shortness of breath
A patient with cancer has developed a persistent cough. The nurse should assess for which of the following possible complications?
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Cardiac tamponade
C) Metastasis to the lungs
D) Bowel obstruction
A nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is preparing for surgery. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following risk factors?
A) Hypertension
B) Anxiety about surgery
C) History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
D) Allergies to medications
A patient receiving chemotherapy develops extreme fatigue. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?
A) Encourage the patient to rest frequently but avoid prolonged bed rest.
B) Increase physical activity to improve energy levels.
C) Limit fluid intake to avoid the need for frequent bathroom trips.
D) Discourage visitors to allow the patient to rest.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who develops constipation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Administer a laxative as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to avoid high-fiber foods.
C) Restrict fluid intake to reduce bowel movement frequency.
D) Limit physical activity to prevent excessive movement of the intestines.
A nurse is providing preoperative education to a patient undergoing surgery for bladder cancer. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
A) Avoiding deep breathing exercises after surgery.
B) The importance of postoperative pain management.
C) Avoiding all physical activity for several weeks after surgery.
D) Limiting fluid intake to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who has received chemotherapy and is at risk for thrombocytopenia. Which of the following should the nurse implement?
A) Monitor for signs of bleeding or bruising.
B) Advise the patient to engage in strenuous exercise.
C) Encourage the patient to eat foods rich in vitamin K.
D) Restrict fluid intake to prevent fluid retention.
A patient receiving chemotherapy develops fever. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer antipyretics as prescribed.
B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
C) Provide a cool compress to the patient.
D) Restrict fluids to prevent further fluid retention.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who develops neutropenia. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
A) Encourage increased fluid intake.
B) Implement strict hand hygiene and isolation precautions.
C) Increase the patient’s protein intake.
D) Monitor vital signs for early signs of infection.
A patient with breast cancer is receiving tamoxifen therapy. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a side effect of tamoxifen?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hot flashes
C) Increased appetite
D) Hypotension
A nurse is caring for a patient with advanced pancreatic cancer who is experiencing severe pain. The priority nursing action is to:
A) Reassure the patient that the pain will decrease over time.
B) Administer prescribed opioid analgesics to relieve pain.
C) Encourage deep breathing exercises to manage pain.
D) Suggest meditation as the primary method for pain relief.
A nurse is educating a patient about the side effects of chemotherapy. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I should expect hair loss during treatment.”
B) “I need to monitor for signs of infection due to low white blood cell counts.”
C) “Nausea and vomiting will be minimal during treatment.”
D) “I may experience fatigue and a decrease in appetite.”
A patient receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer complains of redness and irritation at the treatment site. The nurse should:
A) Apply a cold compress to reduce redness.
B) Apply a thick layer of lotion to soothe the skin.
C) Advise the patient to avoid direct sun exposure to the affected area.
D) Recommend the patient to wear tight-fitting clothing to prevent friction.
A patient with cancer is receiving palliative care. Which of the following is the priority focus of care?
A) To cure the cancer completely.
B) To relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life.
C) To provide aggressive treatments regardless of the patient’s condition.
D) To prevent the patient from experiencing any side effects of treatment.
A patient with cancer is receiving chemotherapy and is experiencing nausea. The nurse should teach the patient to:
A) Avoid drinking fluids during meals to prevent nausea.
B) Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
C) Skip meals if feeling nauseous.
D) Eat spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The patient develops a persistent cough and shortness of breath. The nurse should:
A) Administer an expectorant as prescribed.
B) Increase the patient’s fluid intake.
C) Monitor the patient’s oxygen saturation and notify the healthcare provider.
D) Encourage the patient to rest and avoid physical activity.
A nurse is caring for a patient with breast cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to teach the patient regarding the prevention of infection?
A) “It’s important to avoid crowds and large gatherings.”
B) “Avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables to prevent infections.”
C) “You should limit your fluid intake to avoid fluid retention.”
D) “Wear tight-fitting clothing to avoid irritation to your skin.”
A patient with cancer is being treated with immunotherapy. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this treatment?
A) Hypertension
B) Hepatotoxicity
C) Weight loss
D) Electrolyte imbalances
A nurse is caring for a patient with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Which of the following interventions is most effective for the nurse to implement?
A) Administer prescribed antiemetics as soon as nausea is reported.
B) Allow the patient to eat solid foods before taking antiemetics.
C) Encourage the patient to avoid all fluids until nausea subsides.
D) Apply heat to the abdomen to alleviate discomfort.
A nurse is caring for a patient with advanced breast cancer who is experiencing bone pain due to metastasis. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to engage in weight-bearing exercises.
B) Administer pain medications as prescribed and provide comfort measures.
C) Restrict the patient’s activity to prevent further bone damage.
D) Recommend a high-calcium diet to strengthen the bones.
A nurse is providing education to a patient with ovarian cancer about the side effects of chemotherapy. The nurse should advise the patient to:
A) Eat small, frequent meals to reduce nausea.
B) Drink large amounts of caffeinated beverages to improve energy.
C) Avoid all dairy products during chemotherapy.
D) Increase salt intake to prevent fluid retention.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should assess for which of the following potential side effects?
A) Skin irritation at the treatment site
B) Increased appetite
C) Weight gain
D) Constipation
A nurse is caring for a patient with prostate cancer who is receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following potential side effects?
A) Hot flashes and fatigue
B) Increased libido
C) Decreased risk of osteoporosis
D) Increased appetite and weight gain
A patient with colon cancer is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following common side effects?
A) Constipation and nausea
B) Diarrhea and alopecia
C) Increased appetite and energy
D) Weight gain and fluid retention
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and develops mucositis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) Use an alcohol-based mouthwash to prevent infection.
B) Encourage frequent mouth rinses with warm saline solution.
C) Recommend using a hard-bristled toothbrush to keep the mouth clean.
D) Encourage spicy and acidic foods to stimulate appetite.
A nurse is caring for a patient with pancreatic cancer who is experiencing significant weight loss. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to eat small, frequent meals with high-protein, high-calorie foods.
B) Recommend the patient avoid food altogether to prevent discomfort.
C) Suggest a liquid diet to manage nausea and weight loss.
D) Advise the patient to drink large amounts of fluids with meals.
A patient with colorectal cancer is scheduled for a colostomy. The nurse should provide which of the following preoperative instructions?
A) “You will need to restrict your fluid intake before the procedure.”
B) “You will need to avoid solid foods for 24 hours before the procedure.”
C) “You will be instructed on how to care for your colostomy after surgery.”
D) “The colostomy will be permanent and requires no follow-up care.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with cervical cancer who is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should educate the patient about which of the following potential side effects?
A) Vaginal dryness and irritation
B) Hair loss on the scalp
C) Severe abdominal pain
D) Increased risk of lung infections
A patient with leukemia is receiving chemotherapy and develops thrombocytopenia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Encourage increased physical activity to promote circulation.
B) Apply a warm compress to affected areas.
C) Monitor for signs of bleeding and bruising.
D) Instruct the patient to avoid any physical contact with others.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of lung cancer who is receiving palliative care. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A) Managing pain and improving the patient’s comfort level.
B) Promoting strict adherence to the treatment regimen.
C) Encouraging the patient to continue with aggressive treatment options.
D) Limiting the patient’s contact with family members to reduce stress.
A nurse is caring for a patient with melanoma. Which of the following is the most important action for the nurse to take?
A) Teach the patient to monitor for new moles or changes in existing moles.
B) Recommend that the patient avoid sun exposure entirely.
C) Apply sunscreen to all areas of the body daily.
D) Advise the patient to undergo routine skin biopsies every year.
A nurse is providing post-procedure education to a patient undergoing a bone marrow biopsy. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I should avoid strenuous physical activity for a few days.”
B) “I may experience mild pain at the biopsy site.”
C) “I should expect to have no restrictions after the procedure.”
D) “I should report any unusual bleeding or bruising to the nurse.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage cancer who expresses a desire to discuss advanced directives. Which of the following should the nurse do?
A) Ignore the patient’s request until the physician arrives.
B) Encourage the patient to complete a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.
C) Offer to provide information on advance directives and assist with decision-making.
D) Reassure the patient that there is no need for advanced directives at this time.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and has developed alopecia. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to wear a wig or scarf to help with body image.
B) Reassure the patient that hair will grow back immediately after treatment.
C) Tell the patient that hair loss is a permanent side effect.
D) Advise the patient to avoid combing their hair to prevent further hair loss.
A nurse is teaching a patient with lung cancer about the importance of smoking cessation. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I should quit smoking because it can help improve my prognosis.”
B) “Smoking can increase the risk of recurrence of my cancer.”
C) “I should wait until after my treatment to quit smoking.”
D) “Smoking cessation can improve my overall health and quality of life.”
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. The nurse should provide which of the following instructions to help manage dry mouth?
A) “Drink fluids only during meals to prevent dehydration.”
B) “Use a humidifier in your bedroom to increase moisture in the air.”
C) “Limit your intake of liquids to avoid nausea.”
D) “Brush your teeth with a strong antiseptic mouthwash.”
A patient with colorectal cancer is receiving chemotherapy and develops mucositis. The nurse should recommend which of the following interventions to help manage this condition?
A) Avoid all solid foods and only consume liquids.
B) Rinse the mouth with alcohol-based mouthwash.
C) Eat soft, bland foods and drink plenty of fluids.
D) Limit fluid intake to prevent swelling in the mouth.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and develops anemia. The nurse should encourage the patient to:
A) Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
B) Eat foods rich in iron, such as red meat and leafy vegetables.
C) Avoid exercise to prevent fatigue.
D) Take iron supplements on an empty stomach for better absorption.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy and is concerned about the risk of neutropenia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A) Encourage the patient to wear a mask when in public places.
B) Advise the patient to avoid all visitors, including family members.
C) Monitor the patient’s temperature daily and report any fever.
D) Limit the patient’s fluid intake to reduce the risk of infection.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lymphoma who is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should assess the patient for:
A) Abdominal pain and bloating.
B) Skin irritation at the treatment site.
C) Muscle weakness and joint pain.
D) Urinary retention and incontinence.
A nurse is caring for a patient with breast cancer who is receiving adjuvant therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Diarrhea
C) Cardiotoxicity
D) Vision changes
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving palliative care. Which of the following is the primary goal of palliative care?
A) To provide curative treatment for the cancer.
B) To help the patient achieve complete remission.
C) To alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life.
D) To limit the use of pain medications to avoid dependency.
A patient with cancer is experiencing fatigue related to chemotherapy. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to stay in bed and rest as much as possible.
B) Suggest regular light exercise and rest periods throughout the day.
C) Recommend that the patient take stimulant medications for energy.
D) Instruct the patient to avoid napping during the day.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who had a mastectomy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I should avoid heavy lifting with my affected arm.”
B) “I can resume driving once I am pain-free.”
C) “I should not wear a tight-fitting bra immediately after surgery.”
D) “I should check my surgical site daily for any signs of infection.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with metastatic cancer who is experiencing severe pain. The nurse should:
A) Reassure the patient that pain is a normal part of the disease process.
B) Administer pain medications as prescribed and evaluate effectiveness regularly.
C) Discourage the patient from using any pain management techniques other than medications.
D) Delay pain management until the patient reports severe discomfort.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cervical cancer who is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should advise the patient to:
A) Apply lotion to the treated area to reduce skin irritation.
B) Avoid wearing loose clothing in the treated area.
C) Stay out of the sun and wear protective clothing over the treated area.
D) Take hot showers to relieve discomfort.
A nurse is educating a patient about the importance of self-breast examinations after treatment for breast cancer. The nurse should teach the patient to:
A) Perform self-examinations once a year.
B) Examine the breasts while lying down or standing.
C) Use only visual inspection to check for changes.
D) Avoid breast examinations if undergoing regular mammograms.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a side effect of the treatment?
A) Hypertension
B) Pulmonary fibrosis
C) Increased appetite
D) Diarrhea
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who develops thrombocytopenia. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to walk to prevent blood clots.
B) Advise the patient to use an electric razor to prevent cuts.
C) Instruct the patient to consume foods high in vitamin K.
D) Reassure the patient that thrombocytopenia is not a concern.
A patient with leukemia is receiving chemotherapy and develops a fever. The nurse should:
A) Delay treatment until the fever resolves.
B) Immediately assess for signs of infection and notify the healthcare provider.
C) Administer acetaminophen to reduce the fever.
D) Recommend fluids and rest to reduce the fever.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is experiencing nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A) Provide antiemetic medications as prescribed.
B) Recommend that the patient consume small amounts of food frequently.
C) Encourage the patient to drink clear liquids throughout the day.
D) Monitor the patient’s weight daily to assess for dehydration.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following potential side effects?
A) Hemorrhagic cystitis
B) Skin irritation at the treatment site
C) Respiratory depression
D) Peripheral neuropathy
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should educate the patient to:
A) Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
B) Eat only high-protein foods to reduce fatigue.
C) Use a soft toothbrush to prevent gum injury.
D) Avoid all exercise during the treatment period.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed a tumor of the pituitary gland. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse anticipate in this patient?
A) Increased appetite and weight gain
B) Shortness of breath and chest pain
C) Low blood pressure and dizziness
D) Visual disturbances and headaches
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and is concerned about their risk for infection. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to eat raw fruits and vegetables.
B) Educate the patient about the importance of hand hygiene.
C) Recommend that the patient stop all social activities.
D) Advise the patient to wear a mask during all activities.
A nurse is caring for a patient with prostate cancer who is receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The nurse should monitor for:
A) Increased appetite and weight gain
B) Hot flashes and fatigue
C) Hypotension and dizziness
D) Low blood sugar and hypoglycemia
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who develops mouth sores. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) Avoid spicy, acidic, or hot foods.
B) Drink only cold fluids to soothe the mouth.
C) Use alcohol-based mouthwash for oral hygiene.
D) Increase the intake of citrus fruits to promote healing.
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy who reports experiencing nausea and vomiting. The nurse should:
A) Encourage the patient to consume small, frequent meals throughout the day.
B) Recommend the patient lie down after meals to reduce symptoms.
C) Administer antiemetic medication as prescribed prior to meals.
D) Avoid administering any food or fluids for 24 hours to allow the stomach to rest.
A nurse is teaching a patient about the potential side effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following side effects should the nurse prioritize in teaching the patient about infection prevention?
A) Weight gain
B) Anemia
C) Neutropenia
D) Alopecia
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of bleeding?
A) Administer an injection of vitamin K.
B) Encourage the patient to take aspirin as prescribed for pain relief.
C) Use an electric razor for shaving.
D) Increase the patient’s fluid intake to reduce clot formation.
A patient with lung cancer is receiving palliative care and asks about ways to manage dyspnea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest?
A) Use of oxygen therapy as needed to relieve shortness of breath.
B) Restrict fluid intake to reduce the risk of aspiration.
C) Administer opioid medications to reduce pain, which will improve breathing.
D) Increase physical activity to help improve lung function.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and develops oral mucositis. The nurse should advise the patient to:
A) Use an alcohol-based mouthwash to disinfect the mouth.
B) Brush teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush after every meal.
C) Eat spicy foods to stimulate saliva production.
D) Avoid drinking water to prevent further irritation.
A nurse is assessing a patient who has undergone a mastectomy. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?
A) Mild redness around the incision site
B) Swelling in the arm on the side of the mastectomy
C) Discomfort at the surgical site when lifting the arm
D) Mild bruising near the surgical area
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who is concerned about hair loss. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate?
A) “Your hair will grow back quickly once the treatment is completed.”
B) “You can consider wearing a wig or scarf to manage the appearance.”
C) “There is nothing you can do to prevent hair loss during chemotherapy.”
D) “Hair loss is permanent after chemotherapy, so you need to adjust.”
A nurse is educating a patient who is undergoing radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The nurse should advise the patient to:
A) Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing around the treatment area.
B) Apply moisturizing lotion to the treatment area to reduce skin irritation.
C) Take hot showers to help relieve discomfort in the treatment area.
D) Stay out of direct sunlight but wear sunscreen after treatment.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy who has developed fatigue. The nurse should encourage the patient to:
A) Take short naps throughout the day to improve energy.
B) Stay in bed for long periods to allow full rest.
C) Increase caffeine intake to combat tiredness.
D) Avoid all physical activity to conserve energy.
A nurse is caring for a patient with pancreatic cancer who is experiencing abdominal pain. The nurse should administer which of the following medications to alleviate the patient’s pain?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Opioid analgesics as prescribed
C) NSAIDs such as ibuprofen
D) Antihistamines for nausea
A nurse is caring for a patient with breast cancer who is undergoing hormone therapy. The nurse should assess the patient for:
A) Increased appetite and weight gain
B) Decreased bone density and fractures
C) Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
D) Respiratory depression and hypoxia
A nurse is teaching a patient with colorectal cancer about lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of recurrence. The nurse should advise the patient to:
A) Increase the intake of red meat for additional protein.
B) Engage in regular physical activity.
C) Continue smoking to reduce stress.
D) Limit intake of fruits and vegetables.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone surgery for cervical cancer. The nurse should encourage the patient to:
A) Perform pelvic floor exercises to improve bladder control.
B) Engage in high-impact exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles.
C) Avoid any physical activity until full recovery is achieved.
D) Drink excessive fluids to prevent urinary retention.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and is at risk for infection. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
A) Avoid crowds and contact with individuals who are ill.
B) Increase the intake of raw fruits and vegetables for nutrition.
C) Discontinue the use of any prescribed antibiotics.
D) Encourage visitors, even if they are sick, to prevent isolation.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and is concerned about constipation. The nurse should recommend the patient:
A) Increase fiber intake and drink plenty of fluids.
B) Avoid any physical activity to prevent worsening of symptoms.
C) Decrease fluid intake to reduce bloating.
D) Use a stool softener only when necessary.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has received a bone marrow transplant and is at risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following signs?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Jaundice and diarrhea
C) Hypotension and fever
D) Pain at the transplant site
A nurse is teaching a patient who has been prescribed radiation therapy about skin care. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
A) Use a hot compress to the treated area for comfort.
B) Apply powder to the skin to absorb moisture.
C) Wear tight-fitting clothing to prevent irritation.
D) Gently cleanse the treated area with mild soap and water.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and reports a sore throat and difficulty swallowing. The nurse should recommend:
A) Gargling with warm salt water and avoiding spicy foods.
B) Drinking carbonated beverages to numb the throat.
C) Using throat lozenges containing menthol to relieve pain.
D) Eating acidic foods to soothe the throat.
A nurse is caring for a patient with prostate cancer who is undergoing radiation therapy. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
A) Avoid using a heating pad on the treatment area.
B) Apply topical ointments to the radiation site.
C) Take cool showers to prevent skin irritation.
D) Increase daily physical activity to enhance circulation.
A nurse is caring for a patient with ovarian cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the patient for:
A) Hypoglycemia and tachycardia
B) Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
C) Hypertension and fluid retention
D) Hyperglycemia and polyuria
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a stem cell transplant. The nurse should be most concerned if the patient develops which of the following symptoms?
A) Elevated white blood cell count
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Diarrhea and skin rash
D) Increased appetite
A nurse is teaching a patient about the potential side effects of radiation therapy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) “I should avoid exposure to the sun during treatment.”
B) “I may experience fatigue and skin irritation.”
C) “Radiation therapy will have no impact on my appetite.”
D) “I need to drink plenty of fluids during treatment.”
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to help reduce the risk of lymphedema in the affected arm?
A) Elevate the affected arm above the heart level.
B) Restrict the use of the affected arm to prevent swelling.
C) Massage the affected arm daily to improve circulation.
D) Apply warm compresses to the affected arm to reduce swelling.
A nurse is caring for a patient with leukemia who is experiencing thrombocytopenia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A) Encourage the patient to walk to the bathroom to improve circulation.
B) Administer platelet transfusions as prescribed.
C) Apply pressure to any cuts or abrasions for 10 minutes.
D) Administer aspirin as prescribed for pain relief.
A nurse is educating a patient who is receiving chemotherapy about managing alopecia. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include?
A) “Shampoo your hair with a mild shampoo every day.”
B) “Wear a wig or scarf to protect your scalp from the sun.”
C) “Avoid cutting your hair short to reduce hair loss.”
D) “Avoid wearing a hat to keep your head cool.”
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient after a bone marrow transplant. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
A) Stay away from crowded places to avoid infection.
B) Drink large amounts of alcohol to prevent dehydration.
C) Engage in intense physical activity to improve strength.
D) Avoid all visitors during the recovery period.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving radiation therapy for throat cancer. The patient complains of dry mouth and difficulty swallowing. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) Drink carbonated beverages to stimulate saliva production.
B) Use a humidifier at night to increase moisture in the air.
C) Consume foods that are hot and spicy to relieve symptoms.
D) Avoid drinking water to prevent further irritation.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. The nurse observes that the patient has developed a fever, chills, and sore throat. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A) Administer antipyretic medication as prescribed.
B) Monitor the patient’s temperature and report any changes.
C) Place the patient on neutropenic precautions.
D) Encourage the patient to rest and drink fluids.
A nurse is assessing a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following laboratory results is most important to report to the healthcare provider?
A) Hemoglobin of 12 g/dL
B) White blood cell count of 2,000/mm³
C) Platelet count of 200,000/mm³
D) Sodium level of 140 mEq/L
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving opioid pain medications. The patient reports feeling drowsy and unable to focus. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A) Increase the opioid dose to improve pain control.
B) Encourage the patient to drink fluids to reduce drowsiness.
C) Assess the patient’s respiratory rate and oxygen saturation.
D) Administer a mild stimulant to combat the drowsiness.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with brain cancer and is experiencing seizures. The nurse should take which of the following actions to prevent injury during a seizure?
A) Place the patient in a prone position during the seizure.
B) Insert a padded tongue blade into the patient’s mouth.
C) Loosen tight clothing around the patient’s neck.
D) Restrain the patient’s limbs to prevent movement.
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is experiencing severe dyspnea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed.
B) Elevate the head of the bed to improve lung expansion.
C) Encourage the patient to take deep breaths.
D) Provide a fan to increase air circulation.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has received chemotherapy and is at risk for stomatitis. The nurse should recommend which of the following to minimize the risk of mouth sores?
A) Use an alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day.
B) Brush teeth vigorously after each meal.
C) Consume bland, soft foods that are not too hot or cold.
D) Avoid drinking water and instead drink juices.
A nurse is caring for a patient with prostate cancer who is receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following side effects?
A) Increased libido and sexual drive
B) Decreased bone density and risk for fractures
C) Decreased blood pressure and dizziness
D) Increased appetite and weight gain
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize to prevent complications?
A) Monitor for signs of bleeding due to thrombocytopenia.
B) Encourage the patient to eat spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
C) Restrict fluid intake to reduce the risk of fluid retention.
D) Monitor blood glucose levels due to increased insulin resistance.
A nurse is teaching a patient with breast cancer about the potential side effects of tamoxifen therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
A) “Take tamoxifen with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.”
B) “You should expect weight loss while taking tamoxifen.”
C) “Tamoxifen can increase your risk for blood clots.”
D) “Tamoxifen may cause you to become very sleepy.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of leukemia. The nurse should prioritize monitoring for which of the following complications?
A) Infection due to neutropenia
B) Hyperkalemia due to renal failure
C) Hypotension due to fluid overload
D) Hyperglycemia due to corticosteroid therapy
A nurse is caring for a patient with cervical cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The patient reports vaginal dryness and irritation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest?
A) Use over-the-counter vaginal lubricants as needed.
B) Take warm baths to soothe vaginal discomfort.
C) Avoid using any vaginal creams to reduce irritation.
D) Use douches with mild soap to keep the vaginal area clean.
A nurse is caring for a patient with gastric cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The patient reports a poor appetite and weight loss. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A) Offer high-calorie, high-protein snacks throughout the day.
B) Recommend a liquid diet to ensure adequate nutrition.
C) Encourage the patient to avoid foods that trigger nausea.
D) Administer appetite-stimulating medication as prescribed.
A nurse is caring for a patient with melanoma who is scheduled for immunotherapy. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
A) Increased white blood cell count
B) Flu-like symptoms, including fever and chills
C) Respiratory distress and wheezing
D) Severe headaches and dizziness
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy for colon cancer. The nurse should instruct the patient to report which of the following symptoms immediately?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Abdominal cramping and bloating
C) Fever and sore throat
D) Hair loss and mouth sores
A nurse is teaching a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy about the risk of infection. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
A) “I should avoid crowded places and people who are sick.”
B) “I can continue to use my toothbrush after a cold sore has healed.”
C) “I should wash my hands frequently, especially before eating.”
D) “I should avoid handling raw meat or poultry.”
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone surgery for a malignant tumor. The nurse notices that the surgical site is inflamed, red, and warm to the touch. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A) Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
B) Assess the patient for signs of fever.
C) Apply a cold compress to the surgical site.
D) Continue monitoring the site for signs of healing.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving external radiation therapy. The nurse should advise the patient to avoid which of the following?
A) Taking a hot bath or using hot packs on the treated area.
B) Eating spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
C) Drinking large amounts of fluids to stay hydrated.
D) Wearing loose-fitting clothes to reduce irritation on the skin.
A nurse is assessing a patient with bone cancer. The patient reports pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected limb. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
A) Administer pain medication as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to use heat therapy for comfort.
C) Apply ice to reduce swelling in the affected area.
D) Limit the use of the affected limb to promote healing.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for colon cancer. The patient reports persistent nausea and vomiting. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
A) Antacids
B) Antiemetics
C) Laxatives
D) Antihistamines
A nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who has developed superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
A) Severe headaches and visual disturbances
B) Cyanosis and facial swelling
C) Hyperactive reflexes and confusion
D) Tachypnea and chest pain
A nurse is teaching a patient about managing radiation-induced skin changes. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend?
A) Apply hot compresses to the affected area.
B) Gently wash the affected area with mild soap and water.
C) Rub the skin vigorously to increase circulation.
D) Use alcohol-based lotions to soothe the skin.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse notices that the patient’s mouth is dry, red, and sore. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A) Recommend the patient use an alcohol-based mouthwash.
B) Encourage the patient to eat dry, crunchy foods to stimulate saliva production.
C) Offer the patient a humidified environment and frequent sips of water.
D) Advise the patient to avoid drinking fluids to reduce irritation.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and reports feeling extremely fatigued. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) Encourage the patient to rest for long periods of time throughout the day.
B) Suggest that the patient reduce fluid intake to avoid fatigue.
C) Advise the patient to continue exercising as much as possible to increase energy.
D) Recommend the patient take short, frequent breaks and avoid overexertion.
A nurse is providing teaching to a patient with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Which of the following should the nurse include in the education?
A) “You will need to undergo chemotherapy immediately.”
B) “Surgery and radiation are common treatment options.”
C) “Prostate cancer can only be treated with hormone therapy.”
D) “The diagnosis will be confirmed through blood tests only.”
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving immunotherapy for cancer. Which of the following is a common side effect of immunotherapy that the nurse should monitor for?
A) Hypotension and bradycardia
B) Increased risk of infection and fatigue
C) Hyperglycemia and polyuria
D) Excessive weight gain and bloating
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is experiencing difficulty swallowing due to a tumor obstructing the esophagus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to improve the patient’s nutritional intake?
A) Offer the patient small, frequent meals of soft, easy-to-swallow foods.
B) Encourage the patient to avoid drinking liquids with meals.
C) Recommend the patient eat foods that are high in fiber.
D) Advise the patient to eat larger, less frequent meals.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The patient develops mouth sores and difficulty swallowing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Encourage the patient to eat spicy foods to stimulate appetite.
B) Provide a high-calorie, soft-food diet to prevent weight loss.
C) Recommend that the patient avoid drinking fluids to reduce irritation.
D) Suggest using a mouthwash that contains alcohol to prevent infection.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse monitor for as a sign of advanced disease?
A) Jaundice and weight loss
B) Weight gain and lethargy
C) Severe abdominal cramping and bloating
D) Excessive thirst and polyuria
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and reports tingling and numbness in the fingers and toes. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Encourage the patient to perform range-of-motion exercises.
B) Assess the patient’s gait and coordination.
C) Advise the patient to rest the affected limbs as much as possible.
D) Offer the patient analgesics to relieve the discomfort.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer. The patient is experiencing shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough. What is the nurse’s priority intervention?
A) Administer oxygen as prescribed.
B) Increase fluid intake to thin the secretions.
C) Provide a humidifier to moisten the air.
D) Encourage deep breathing exercises to clear the airway.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and is experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
A) Encourage the patient to consume foods high in fiber.
B) Offer anti-diarrheal medications as prescribed.
C) Suggest the patient drink caffeinated beverages to improve bowel movement.
D) Limit the patient’s intake of fluids to prevent excessive fluid loss.
A nurse is caring for a patient with liver cancer. The nurse notices the patient has developed ascites. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer diuretics as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.
C) Position the patient in a low Fowler’s position.
D) Monitor the patient for signs of hypokalemia.
A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy who reports feeling nauseous. The patient is hesitant to take antiemetics due to fear of side effects. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
A) “It is important to take your antiemetics to prevent nausea and vomiting, as they are most effective when taken before symptoms begin.”
B) “You should wait until you start feeling sick, and then take your medication.”
C) “If you feel nauseous, you should try deep breathing exercises instead of taking medication.”
D) “Chemotherapy doesn’t typically cause nausea, so the antiemetics may not be necessary.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with breast cancer who is receiving hormonal therapy. The patient reports experiencing hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
A) “You should avoid using vaginal lubricants, as they may increase the risk of infection.”
B) “Hot flashes are normal; they will subside as you continue treatment.”
C) “You can try using a fan or wearing layers to manage hot flashes.”
D) “You should stop the hormonal therapy to avoid these side effects.”
A nurse is educating a patient with cancer about the importance of nutritional support. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
A) “I should aim for a balanced diet to maintain my strength during treatment.”
B) “It’s fine to skip meals if I don’t feel hungry, as long as I drink plenty of fluids.”
C) “High-protein foods can help support my immune system while I’m undergoing chemotherapy.”
D) “Eating small, frequent meals will be easier for me to tolerate.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. The patient reports experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?
A) Administer antidiarrheal medications as prescribed.
B) Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
C) Suggest the patient consume a bland diet to avoid irritating the digestive system.
D) Reassure the patient that diarrhea is a normal side effect of chemotherapy.
A nurse is caring for a patient with cervical cancer who is undergoing external radiation therapy. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?
A) Using moisturizing lotion on the skin in the treatment area.
B) Wearing loose, cotton clothing to reduce skin irritation.
C) Applying hot compresses to the treated area.
D) Shaving the treatment area with a razor.
A nurse is caring for a patient with leukemia who has a low white blood cell count. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?
A) Encourage the patient to ambulate regularly to improve circulation.
B) Place the patient in a private room to reduce the risk of infection.
C) Increase the patient’s dietary intake of fiber to prevent constipation.
D) Administer pain medications as prescribed to manage discomfort.
A nurse is providing care for a patient with prostate cancer who is receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for?
A) Hot flashes and erectile dysfunction
B) Increased appetite and weight loss
C) Hypotension and dizziness
D) Nausea and vomiting
A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage cancer who is experiencing difficulty breathing. The patient’s family asks if they can provide oxygen at home. Which of the following responses is appropriate?
A) “Oxygen will help, but it may cause respiratory distress if not used properly.”
B) “Oxygen is typically not used in home care for cancer patients.”
C) “Using oxygen at home will help alleviate shortness of breath and improve comfort.”
D) “I will need to consult with the healthcare provider to determine if oxygen therapy is appropriate.”
A nurse is educating a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy about the importance of managing side effects. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates that teaching has been effective?
A) “I should avoid all medications, even over-the-counter ones, during chemotherapy.”
B) “It’s normal to feel nauseous, and I should just let it pass on its own.”
C) “I can take antiemetics before chemotherapy to help prevent nausea.”
D) “I should try to remain active and exercise as much as possible, even if I’m tired.”
A nurse is assessing a patient with ovarian cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
A) Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
B) A new onset of dry mouth and fatigue
C) Shortness of breath and chest pain
D) Mild headache and mild nausea
A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who is receiving radiation therapy. The patient reports fatigue and feeling weak. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response?
A) “Fatigue is common during radiation therapy; try to rest when you feel tired.”
B) “You should push yourself to stay active to prevent becoming too weak.”
C) “Fatigue usually goes away after the radiation treatments are finished.”
D) “Take a walk every day to help increase your energy levels.”
A nurse is teaching a patient with lung cancer about the use of opioids for pain management. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
A) “I will need to take my pain medication on a regular schedule, even if I don’t feel pain.”
B) “Opioids can help manage my pain and improve my quality of life.”
C) “It’s important to take the medication exactly as prescribed to avoid addiction.”
D) “I should stop taking the medication once my pain improves, even if I have extra pills.”
A nurse is caring for a patient with multiple myeloma. Which of the following lab findings should the nurse anticipate?
A) Elevated white blood cell count
B) Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
C) Increased red blood cell count
D) Elevated potassium levels
Short Questions and Answers for Study Guide
1. Discuss the role of palliative care in oncology nursing.
Answer:
Palliative care in oncology nursing focuses on improving the quality of life for patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses. It aims to provide relief from pain and other distressing symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Oncology nurses play a crucial role in palliative care by assessing patient needs, managing symptoms, and offering emotional support. They collaborate with interdisciplinary teams to ensure holistic care, addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Nurses also educate families on what to expect during the progression of the disease and provide guidance in making end-of-life decisions. Effective communication and empathy are essential to fostering trust and ensuring that care aligns with the patient’s values and preferences.
2. Explain the importance of early detection in cancer management and the nurse’s role in patient education.
Answer:
Early detection significantly improves cancer outcomes by identifying malignancies at an earlier, more treatable stage. Screening methods, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, help reduce mortality rates. Nurses are pivotal in educating patients about the importance of regular screenings, recognizing warning signs of cancer, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits that may reduce risk factors. For example, educating patients on self-breast examinations and the symptoms of colorectal cancer empowers them to seek medical advice promptly. Nurses also provide support in overcoming barriers to screening, such as fear, lack of awareness, or access to healthcare. By promoting preventive care and early detection, nurses enhance patient outcomes and contribute to public health initiatives.
3. Describe the nursing interventions for managing chemotherapy-induced side effects.
Answer:
Chemotherapy often causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, mucositis, and immunosuppression. Nursing interventions aim to minimize these effects and improve patient comfort. For nausea and vomiting, nurses can administer prescribed antiemetics and encourage small, frequent meals. To manage fatigue, energy conservation strategies, such as prioritizing activities and incorporating rest periods, are essential. For mucositis, nurses may recommend oral hygiene practices, using mild mouthwashes, and avoiding spicy or acidic foods. Immunosuppressed patients should be educated about infection prevention, including hand hygiene and avoiding crowded places. Providing emotional support and connecting patients with resources, such as support groups or counseling, further aids in holistic care.
4. Compare and contrast the nursing care for patients undergoing radiation therapy versus chemotherapy.
Answer:
Nursing care for patients undergoing radiation therapy focuses on managing localized side effects, while care for chemotherapy patients addresses systemic side effects. In radiation therapy, nurses monitor for skin reactions such as redness, dryness, and peeling, and educate patients on gentle skincare and avoiding irritants. Fatigue is a common side effect, requiring strategies for energy conservation. In contrast, chemotherapy affects rapidly dividing cells throughout the body, leading to diverse side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and immunosuppression. Nurses manage these symptoms through medications, dietary adjustments, and infection prevention strategies. Emotional support is essential in both cases, as patients may experience anxiety about treatment and its side effects.
5. Analyze the psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis on patients and how nurses can provide support.
Answer:
A cancer diagnosis often triggers a range of emotional responses, including fear, anxiety, depression, and grief. Patients may worry about their prognosis, treatment side effects, and the impact on their family and finances. Nurses play a vital role in providing emotional support by creating a trusting relationship and offering a safe space for patients to express their feelings. Active listening, empathy, and validating their emotions are key interventions. Referring patients to counseling services, support groups, or spiritual care can also help. By fostering open communication and addressing psychological needs, nurses empower patients to cope with their diagnosis and treatment journey.
6. Describe the nursing considerations for patients with neutropenia caused by cancer treatment.
Answer:
Neutropenia, a common side effect of cancer treatment, increases the risk of infections due to a reduced white blood cell count. Nursing considerations include strict infection prevention practices, such as hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment, and maintaining a clean environment. Patients should avoid raw foods, crowded areas, and contact with sick individuals. Nurses monitor for early signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or redness, and promptly report these findings to the healthcare provider. Education on neutropenic precautions, such as avoiding live plants and wearing masks, is crucial. Emotional support is also essential, as isolation measures may affect the patient’s mental well-being.
7. Discuss the importance of cultural sensitivity in oncology nursing.
Answer:
Cultural sensitivity is critical in oncology nursing to provide patient-centered care that respects individual beliefs, values, and practices. Patients from diverse backgrounds may have unique perspectives on cancer treatment, pain management, and end-of-life care. For instance, some cultures emphasize holistic or alternative therapies, while others prioritize aggressive treatment approaches. Nurses must engage in active listening and avoid assumptions, ensuring that care plans align with the patient’s cultural preferences. Using interpreters when language barriers exist and educating patients in culturally appropriate ways enhance communication and trust. By demonstrating cultural competence, nurses improve patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment plans.
8. Evaluate the role of oncology nurses in promoting survivorship care.
Answer:
Oncology nurses play a pivotal role in survivorship care by addressing the long-term physical, emotional, and social needs of cancer survivors. Survivorship care includes monitoring for recurrence, managing chronic side effects, and promoting healthy lifestyle changes to reduce future cancer risks. Nurses provide education on follow-up care, such as routine screenings and self-monitoring for symptoms. They also offer support for psychosocial challenges, including body image changes, anxiety about recurrence, and financial concerns. Coordination with other healthcare providers ensures comprehensive care. By empowering survivors to take an active role in their health, oncology nurses contribute to improved quality of life and overall well-being.
9. Explain the challenges and strategies for managing pain in oncology patients.
Answer:
Pain management in oncology patients is challenging due to factors such as varying pain thresholds, fear of addiction to opioids, and side effects of pain medications. Nurses must conduct thorough pain assessments to determine the type, intensity, and location of pain. Multimodal approaches, combining pharmacological interventions like opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with nonpharmacological methods like relaxation techniques, are often effective. Patient education about the safe use of pain medications can alleviate fears of addiction. Addressing barriers to pain management, such as cultural attitudes or financial constraints, ensures equitable care. Regular reassessment and communication are key to achieving optimal pain control.
10. Discuss the nurse’s role in providing patient education about cancer prevention.
Answer:
Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients about cancer prevention through lifestyle modifications and early detection strategies. They promote awareness about the link between modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, and physical inactivity, and the development of cancer. Nurses educate patients about the importance of a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as regular physical activity. They also emphasize the need for routine screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, to detect cancer early. Vaccination campaigns, such as those for HPV to prevent cervical cancer, are another critical area of focus. By empowering individuals with knowledge, nurses help reduce the overall cancer burden.
11. Evaluate the ethical dilemmas nurses may face in oncology care and strategies for resolving them.
Answer:
Oncology nurses often encounter ethical dilemmas, such as balancing patient autonomy with beneficence, managing end-of-life care decisions, or addressing conflicts between patients and families regarding treatment options. For example, a patient may refuse life-prolonging treatment, creating tension with family members who desire aggressive care. Nurses resolve such dilemmas by advocating for the patient’s wishes while facilitating open communication among all parties. Adhering to ethical principles, such as respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, guides decision-making. Consulting ethics committees and using frameworks like the ANA Code of Ethics ensures that care decisions align with professional standards and the patient’s best interests.
12. Analyze the impact of cancer on family dynamics and the nurse’s role in family-centered care.
Answer:
Cancer affects family dynamics by introducing emotional, financial, and caregiving burdens. Family members may experience anxiety, depression, or role changes as they navigate the complexities of supporting a loved one with cancer. Oncology nurses provide family-centered care by addressing these challenges through education, emotional support, and resource coordination. For example, nurses can teach families how to manage symptoms, administer medications, or access community resources for financial assistance. They also serve as mediators during difficult conversations about prognosis and treatment options, ensuring that all voices are heard. By fostering open communication and providing tailored support, nurses strengthen family resilience and improve patient outcomes.
13. Explain the significance of informed consent in cancer treatment and the nurse’s responsibilities in the process.
Answer:
Informed consent is a fundamental aspect of ethical cancer care, ensuring that patients understand the benefits, risks, and alternatives of proposed treatments. Nurses play a key role in facilitating this process by assessing the patient’s comprehension of the information provided by the physician. They clarify medical jargon, address questions or concerns, and confirm that the patient’s decision is voluntary. Nurses also advocate for the patient’s right to make informed choices, ensuring that consent is obtained before initiating any procedure or treatment. By promoting understanding and autonomy, nurses uphold the ethical principle of respect for persons in oncology care.
14. Describe the nursing interventions for managing nutritional challenges in oncology patients.
Answer:
Cancer and its treatments often cause nutritional challenges such as anorexia, weight loss, and malabsorption. Nursing interventions aim to support adequate nutritional intake and prevent complications like cachexia. Nurses assess the patient’s dietary preferences, monitor weight changes, and collaborate with dietitians to develop individualized nutrition plans. Small, frequent meals high in protein and calories are often recommended. Managing treatment side effects, such as nausea and mouth sores, further enhances nutritional intake. For patients with severe malnutrition, nurses may assist with enteral or parenteral nutrition under medical supervision. Educating patients and families on food safety and meal preparation ensures sustained nutritional support throughout treatment.
15. Discuss the role of oncology nurses in managing psychosocial issues in adolescents with cancer.
Answer:
Adolescents with cancer face unique psychosocial challenges, including disrupted development, social isolation, and concerns about body image. Oncology nurses address these issues by providing age-appropriate support and education. They encourage adolescents to express their feelings and connect them with peer support groups to reduce feelings of isolation. Nurses collaborate with mental health professionals to address anxiety or depression and involve families in care plans to foster a supportive environment. They also provide guidance on coping strategies, helping adolescents navigate school, friendships, and career aspirations while managing their illness. By fostering resilience, nurses empower young patients to adapt to their circumstances and maintain a sense of normalcy.
16. Evaluate the role of telehealth in oncology nursing and its benefits for cancer patients.
Answer:
Telehealth has become an integral component of oncology nursing, offering patients increased access to care while reducing the burden of travel. Through virtual consultations, nurses assess symptoms, manage side effects, and provide patient education. Telehealth is particularly beneficial for monitoring patients in rural or underserved areas and those with limited mobility. It allows timely interventions for symptom management, improving overall outcomes. Nurses also use telehealth platforms to provide emotional support, ensuring continuity of care. However, challenges such as technological barriers and lack of personal interaction must be addressed. Despite these limitations, telehealth enhances patient-centered care and supports comprehensive oncology management.
17. Discuss the management of oncological emergencies and the nurse’s role in ensuring patient safety.
Answer:
Oncological emergencies, such as tumor lysis syndrome, spinal cord compression, and febrile neutropenia, require prompt recognition and intervention. Nurses play a critical role in identifying early signs and symptoms, such as fever, neurological changes, or electrolyte imbalances, and initiating appropriate protocols. For example, managing tumor lysis syndrome involves monitoring renal function, administering IV fluids, and correcting electrolyte abnormalities. In cases of spinal cord compression, nurses assess for back pain and neurological deficits, ensuring rapid escalation of care. By maintaining vigilance and collaborating with interdisciplinary teams, oncology nurses safeguard patient safety and improve outcomes during emergencies.
18. Analyze the importance of survivorship care plans in cancer recovery.
Answer:
Survivorship care plans are essential for guiding patients through the transition from active treatment to post-cancer care. These plans include detailed information about follow-up appointments, recommended screenings, and strategies for managing long-term side effects. Oncology nurses help patients understand and implement these plans, providing education on lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise, to reduce the risk of recurrence. They also address psychosocial needs, offering resources for mental health support and financial counseling. By facilitating personalized survivorship care, nurses empower patients to maintain their health and improve their quality of life after treatment.