NCLEX Safety and Infection Control Practice Exam

NCLEX Safety and Infection Control Practice Exam

 

1. Which is the best way to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

A. Using personal protective equipment (PPE)
B. Administering antibiotics prophylactically
C. Frequent hand hygiene
D. Isolating all patients

2. A nurse is donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for contact precautions. What should be applied first?

A. Gloves
B. Gown
C. Mask
D. Goggles

3. When a patient is on airborne precautions, which type of room is required?

A. Positive-pressure room
B. Negative-pressure room
C. Regular private room
D. Shared room with another patient on the same precautions

4. The nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis (TB). What type of mask should the nurse wear?

A. Surgical mask
B. N95 respirator
C. Face shield
D. Cloth mask

5. Which action should the nurse prioritize after a needlestick injury?

A. Wash the site with soap and water
B. Notify the supervisor immediately
C. Complete an incident report
D. Begin post-exposure prophylaxis

6. A patient is admitted with suspected Clostridium difficile (C. diff). What type of precautions should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Standard precautions only

7. What is the recommended duration for handwashing with soap and water?

A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 15 seconds
D. 20 seconds

8. The nurse is educating staff on the chain of infection. What is the “portal of exit” in this process?

A. Respiratory droplets from a patient with a cough
B. Dirty linens in the patient’s room
C. Healthcare worker’s hands
D. Contaminated surgical equipment

9. Which of the following is most effective in killing spores, such as those from C. diff?

A. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
B. Handwashing with soap and water
C. Antimicrobial wipes
D. Chlorhexidine solution

10. For droplet precautions, which distance should be maintained from the patient?

A. 1 foot
B. 3 feet
C. 6 feet
D. 10 feet

11. The nurse observes another healthcare worker failing to use PPE correctly. What is the best response?

A. Ignore the behavior
B. Report the issue to the infection control team
C. Immediately educate the coworker
D. Document the incident in the patient’s chart

12. Which patient condition requires the use of a private room?

A. Influenza
B. Varicella (chickenpox)
C. MRSA colonization in a wound
D. Clostridium difficile

13. What is the proper disposal method for a blood-soaked dressing?

A. General waste bin
B. Sharps container
C. Red biohazard bag
D. Yellow chemical waste bin

14. Which of the following statements about standard precautions is correct?

A. They are used only for patients with known infections
B. They include hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. They require isolation rooms for all patients
D. They eliminate the need for PPE

15. A patient in the ER is vomiting and has diarrhea. Which precaution should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Standard precautions only

16. Which item of PPE is removed last?

A. Gloves
B. Mask
C. Gown
D. Goggles

17. A nurse is caring for a patient on droplet precautions. Which piece of PPE is mandatory?

A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown and gloves
D. Face shield

18. What is the priority action when a nurse identifies a fire in the healthcare facility?

A. Extinguish the fire
B. Activate the fire alarm
C. Rescue patients in immediate danger
D. Confine the fire by closing doors

19. The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which technique is required?

A. Medical asepsis
B. Sterile technique
C. Contact precautions
D. Droplet precautions

20. What is the best way to reduce the risk of falls in older adult patients?

A. Keep the bed at the highest position
B. Ensure the call light is within reach
C. Apply restraints when the patient is agitated
D. Remove all mobility aids from the room

21. A patient requires protective (reverse) isolation. Which type of patient typically needs this precaution?

A. A patient with active tuberculosis
B. A patient undergoing chemotherapy
C. A patient with influenza
D. A patient with MRSA infection

22. When disposing of a used needle, the nurse should:

A. Recap the needle before disposing of it
B. Place it in a sharps container immediately
C. Dispose of it in the biohazard bag
D. Break the needle to prevent reuse

23. A patient on droplet precautions for influenza is being transported to radiology. What should the nurse ensure?

A. The transporter wears an N95 mask
B. The patient wears a surgical mask
C. The patient’s room is disinfected after transport
D. The transporter wears gloves and a gown

24. Which principle is essential for maintaining a sterile field?

A. Keep hands below the waist at all times
B. Avoid reaching over the sterile field
C. Touch the edges of the sterile drape to adjust it
D. Pour sterile solution from any height

25. What is the most effective way to prevent patient falls?

A. Assigning patients to rooms near the nursing station
B. Hourly rounding to address patient needs
C. Requiring all patients to use bed alarms
D. Keeping side rails up on all beds

26. The nurse is preparing to remove PPE after caring for a patient on contact precautions. Which item is removed first?

A. Gown
B. Gloves
C. Mask
D. Goggles

27. A nurse is teaching staff about infection control measures. Which of the following indicates a break in sterile technique?

A. Turning your back on a sterile field
B. Touching the sterile field with gloved hands
C. Keeping the sterile field above waist level
D. Disposing of contaminated materials in a biohazard bag

28. A nurse is cleaning a patient’s wound. What is the correct cleaning direction?

A. Circular motion from the outer edges to the center
B. From the center of the wound outward
C. From the top of the wound to the bottom
D. From one side of the wound to the other side

29. The nurse notices water spilled on the hospital floor. What is the priority action?

A. Notify housekeeping to clean it up
B. Place a wet floor sign and clean it immediately
C. Ensure that no patients walk through the area
D. Report the spill to the charge nurse

30. Which of the following requires mandatory reporting to public health authorities?

A. Hypertension
B. HIV diagnosis
C. Influenza vaccination status
D. Tuberculosis

31. The nurse is caring for a patient with VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus). Which type of precautions should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Standard precautions only

32. Which is an appropriate intervention to prevent pressure ulcers?

A. Use donut-shaped cushions under bony prominences
B. Turn and reposition the patient every 2 hours
C. Keep the head of the bed at a 45-degree angle
D. Massage reddened areas on the skin

33. The nurse is preparing to administer medication through an IV port. What should the nurse do first?

A. Flush the IV line with saline
B. Clean the port with alcohol
C. Administer the medication slowly
D. Confirm the patient’s name and ID band

34. Which is an appropriate intervention for a patient in physical restraints?

A. Release the restraints every 4 hours to check circulation
B. Tie the restraint straps to the side rails of the bed
C. Ensure that a healthcare provider’s order is in place
D. Apply restraints tightly to prevent movement

35. The nurse is caring for a patient with an open wound. Which action will best prevent infection?

A. Keeping the wound dry
B. Performing hand hygiene before wound care
C. Covering the wound with a transparent dressing
D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics

36. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter is at risk for a urinary tract infection (UTI). What is the best nursing action to minimize this risk?

A. Change the catheter daily
B. Maintain a closed drainage system
C. Empty the drainage bag every 8 hours
D. Irrigate the catheter with sterile saline daily

37. A nurse is preparing to administer an injection. What is the priority step to prevent infection?

A. Donning gloves before the procedure
B. Cleaning the injection site with an alcohol swab
C. Using a sterile syringe and needle
D. Applying a bandage after the injection

38. Which of the following is a priority nursing action for a patient in restraints?

A. Checking the patient’s vital signs every 4 hours
B. Documenting restraint checks every 2 hours
C. Ensuring the patient’s hydration and elimination needs are met
D. Releasing restraints only when the patient is calm

39. A patient is in protective isolation due to severe neutropenia. Which food should the patient avoid?

A. Pasteurized milk
B. Fresh fruit
C. Cooked vegetables
D. Bread

40. The nurse is donning PPE before entering a room for airborne precautions. Which sequence is correct?

A. Gown, gloves, N95 respirator, goggles
B. N95 respirator, gown, goggles, gloves
C. Gown, N95 respirator, gloves, goggles
D. Gloves, gown, goggles, N95 respirator

41. Which task can the nurse safely delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

A. Teaching infection control precautions to a patient
B. Administering a bed bath to a patient in isolation
C. Monitoring vital signs of a patient on airborne precautions
D. Performing sterile dressing changes for a surgical wound

42. A nurse witnesses a healthcare worker failing to perform hand hygiene after removing gloves. What is the appropriate action?

A. Report the incident to the infection control team
B. Remind the healthcare worker to perform hand hygiene
C. File an incident report immediately
D. Ignore it if no patient contact occurred

43. A patient has been placed on seizure precautions. What is a priority intervention?

A. Inserting a tongue depressor in the patient’s mouth during a seizure
B. Keeping oxygen and suction equipment at the bedside
C. Restraining the patient’s movements during a seizure
D. Ensuring all four side rails are raised at all times

44. What is the appropriate nursing action if the sterile field is accidentally touched by an ungloved hand?

A. Remove the unsterile item and continue the procedure
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the break in sterility
C. Restart the procedure with a new sterile field
D. Cover the contaminated area with a sterile drape

45. A nurse is preparing to assist with oral suctioning for a patient. Which type of precaution is most appropriate?

A. Droplet precautions
B. Airborne precautions
C. Standard precautions
D. Protective isolation

46. A nurse is caring for a patient with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). Which cleaning agent should be used to clean surfaces in the room?

A. Alcohol-based cleaner
B. Soap and water
C. Hydrogen peroxide wipes
D. Bleach-based disinfectant

47. A nurse is transporting a patient with active tuberculosis. What is the priority intervention?

A. Ensure the patient wears an N95 respirator
B. Use a dedicated elevator for the patient transport
C. Have the nurse wear an N95 respirator
D. Ensure the patient wears a surgical mask

48. Which is the most important nursing action to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?

A. Implementing appropriate isolation precautions
B. Ensuring timely administration of antibiotics
C. Performing consistent hand hygiene
D. Using sterile gloves for all procedures

49. A patient with MRSA is being discharged. What teaching point is most important?

A. Use bleach to clean all household surfaces
B. Wash hands thoroughly after touching wounds
C. Avoid contact with family members for 2 weeks
D. Take antibiotics until symptoms improve

50. The nurse is preparing to change the linens of a bed occupied by a patient in contact precautions. What is the correct action?

A. Shake out the linens to ensure no debris remains
B. Place linens directly on the floor until bagging them
C. Wear gloves and gown while removing linens
D. Use two pairs of gloves for added protection

51. A nurse is caring for a patient with suspected meningitis. Which precaution should be implemented immediately?

A. Standard precautions
B. Airborne precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Contact precautions

52. A patient in isolation refuses to wear a mask when leaving the room. What is the nurse’s best response?

A. Educate the patient on the importance of wearing a mask
B. Restrict the patient from leaving the room
C. Document the patient’s refusal and notify the provider
D. Provide the patient with a face shield as an alternative

53. Which of the following is a priority for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

A. Administering antibiotics prophylactically
B. Performing oral care with chlorhexidine
C. Elevating the head of the bed to 15 degrees
D. Repositioning the patient every 4 hours

54. The nurse is performing wound care for a patient with an infected leg ulcer. What is the appropriate disposal method for soiled dressings?

A. Dispose of them in a biohazard bag
B. Discard them in the regular trash
C. Flush them down the toilet
D. Place them in a sealed plastic bag before disposal

55. A patient has been diagnosed with chickenpox. Which individuals are at highest risk for contracting the disease?

A. A patient who received a chickenpox vaccine
B. A child with a mild cold
C. A pregnant nurse with no prior history of chickenpox
D. A nurse who had chickenpox as a child

56. A nurse is caring for a patient in droplet precautions. Which type of PPE is required when providing direct care?

A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gown and gloves only
D. Face shield only

57. A nurse is preparing to clean a patient’s central line dressing. Which solution is most effective for preventing infection?

A. 70% isopropyl alcohol
B. Sterile saline
C. Chlorhexidine gluconate
D. Hydrogen peroxide

58. A nurse is assessing the risk for falls in an elderly patient. Which intervention should be prioritized?

A. Providing nonskid footwear
B. Keeping all four side rails up
C. Using a wheelchair for all transfers
D. Avoiding medication adjustments

59. A nurse is caring for a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which room type is required?

A. Negative-pressure isolation room
B. Standard single room with a HEPA filter
C. Positive-pressure isolation room
D. Private room with a window for ventilation

60. When caring for a patient with an open wound colonized with MRSA, what is the most appropriate precaution?

A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions only

61. A nurse is transporting used syringes to the disposal area. What is the proper method?

A. Recap the syringes before disposal
B. Carry the syringes in a gloved hand
C. Place the syringes in a sharps container
D. Empty the syringes and discard them in the trash

62. The nurse finds a medication bottle on the bedside table of a confused patient. What is the priority action?

A. Document the finding in the patient’s chart
B. Remove the medication from the patient’s room
C. Ask the patient if they self-administered the medication
D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately

63. Which intervention minimizes the risk of infection during a sterile dressing change?

A. Pouring sterile saline onto the dressing before removing it
B. Keeping sterile supplies at least 1 inch from the edge of the sterile field
C. Donning clean gloves instead of sterile gloves
D. Using sterile gloves only when touching the wound bed

64. A nurse is assisting with a lumbar puncture. Which of the following is a sterile field violation?

A. Turning one’s back to the sterile field
B. Adjusting the patient’s bed height during the procedure
C. Reaching over the sterile field to hand the physician a syringe
D. Both A and C

65. A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection to a patient. What is the first step to reduce the risk of infection?

A. Clean the patient’s skin with an alcohol swab
B. Wear gloves during the injection
C. Use an antiseptic wipe to clean the vial stopper
D. Choose a clean and dry injection site

66. When entering the room of a patient on airborne precautions, what should the nurse do first?

A. Put on gloves
B. Apply an N95 respirator
C. Wash hands thoroughly
D. Wear a gown and goggles

67. A nurse notes redness and swelling around a patient’s IV site. What is the appropriate first action?

A. Document the findings and continue monitoring
B. Flush the IV site to ensure patency
C. Remove the IV catheter and apply a sterile dressing
D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately

68. The nurse is teaching a family member how to perform hand hygiene. What should the nurse emphasize?

A. Using hand sanitizer only when hands are visibly soiled
B. Washing hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water
C. Turning off the faucet with bare hands after washing
D. Drying hands with a reusable cloth towel

69. What is the best method to prevent infection in a patient with a central venous catheter?

A. Flushing the catheter daily with saline
B. Using a transparent dressing and changing it every 7 days
C. Performing hand hygiene before handling the catheter
D. Cleaning the catheter site with alcohol wipes daily

70. Which intervention is most effective in preventing aspiration pneumonia in a bedridden patient?

A. Performing oral suctioning every 4 hours
B. Elevating the head of the bed to 30–45 degrees
C. Administering thickened liquids only
D. Turning the patient every 2 hours

71. When removing personal protective equipment (PPE) after caring for a patient in isolation, which item should be removed first?

A. Gloves
B. Gown
C. Mask
D. Goggles

72. The nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. What action ensures adherence to aseptic technique?

A. Wearing clean gloves to handle the catheter
B. Using sterile gloves and a sterile catheter kit
C. Cleaning the urethral area with soap and water
D. Reusing the catheter if the packaging is intact

73. Which patient is at the highest risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

A. A child admitted for appendectomy
B. An elderly patient with an indwelling urinary catheter
C. A postoperative patient discharged within 24 hours
D. A patient with a minor laceration treated in the ER

74. A nurse is caring for a patient with Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection. Which hand hygiene method is most effective?

A. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
B. Washing hands with soap and water
C. Wearing double gloves during care
D. Using antibacterial hand wipes

75. Which of the following is an essential component of the surgical safety checklist?

A. Confirming patient allergies
B. Asking the patient to sign a consent form
C. Ensuring all equipment is sterile
D. Verifying staff roles in the operating room

76. The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a bedside procedure. What action contaminates the field?

A. Pouring sterile saline onto a sterile container
B. Touching the edge of the sterile drape
C. Reaching over the sterile field to adjust supplies
D. Donning sterile gloves before touching the field

77. A patient on droplet precautions is scheduled for an X-ray in the radiology department. What is the appropriate action?

A. Notify radiology of the patient’s precautions
B. Place a surgical mask on the patient during transport
C. Have the patient transported on a gurney covered with a blanket
D. Both A and B

78. What is the nurse’s priority when handling a needle-stick injury?

A. Clean the wound with soap and water immediately
B. Notify the healthcare provider of the injury
C. Report the incident to the charge nurse
D. Begin prophylactic treatment for bloodborne pathogens

79. A nurse is teaching a patient about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which statement indicates effective teaching?

A. “I should wipe from back to front after using the bathroom.”
B. “I should drink at least 8–10 glasses of water a day.”
C. “I should avoid urinating immediately after intercourse.”
D. “I should limit fluid intake to prevent urgency.”

80. The nurse is assessing a patient’s room for infection control compliance. Which observation requires correction?

A. A surgical mask is hanging on the door for repeated use
B. A sharps container is available and not overfilled
C. Hand sanitizer is readily available at the bedside
D. The patient’s trash bin has no biohazard material

81. The nurse is caring for a patient in a private room with a confirmed case of measles. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is required?

A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Gloves and gown only
D. Goggles and face shield

82. The nurse is caring for a patient with an open fracture. What is the nurse’s priority for preventing infection?

A. Administering antibiotics as prescribed
B. Maintaining sterile technique during dressing changes
C. Applying a tourniquet to control bleeding
D. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids to prevent dehydration

83. A patient is placed on contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What nursing intervention is appropriate?

A. Place the patient in a negative-pressure room
B. Wear gloves and a gown when entering the patient’s room
C. Allow visitors to forgo PPE if they avoid physical contact
D. Assign the patient to a semi-private room with another MRSA patient

84. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. What step reduces the risk of infection?

A. Using a syringe pre-filled by the pharmacy
B. Cleaning the injection site in a circular motion outward
C. Wearing sterile gloves during administration
D. Avoiding aspirating the syringe before injection

85. When caring for a patient with shingles, which intervention ensures proper isolation precautions?

A. Assign the patient to a room with a positive airflow system
B. Wear an N95 respirator when providing direct care
C. Limit visitors to those who are immune to chickenpox
D. Keep the patient’s door open for better monitoring

86. A nurse observes a colleague placing a contaminated needle on the patient’s bedside table. What is the first action?

A. Report the incident to the charge nurse
B. Remove the needle and dispose of it in the sharps container
C. Address the colleague about the improper disposal
D. Document the incident in the patient’s medical record

87. What is the nurse’s first priority when responding to a patient’s fire emergency?

A. Activate the fire alarm
B. Rescue patients in immediate danger
C. Contain the fire by closing doors
D. Extinguish the fire using a fire extinguisher

88. Which of the following interventions helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?

A. Replacing indwelling catheters every 48 hours
B. Keeping the catheter bag below bladder level
C. Using antibiotics prophylactically
D. Cleaning the perineal area with alcohol daily

89. A patient requires insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT). What is the nurse’s priority for infection control?

A. Use sterile gloves during the procedure
B. Maintain aseptic technique during insertion
C. Insert the tube using a clean technique
D. Administer prophylactic antibiotics post-insertion

90. A nurse is providing care for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Which action reduces the patient’s risk of infection?

A. Administering white blood cell growth factors prophylactically
B. Placing the patient in a room with negative airflow
C. Encouraging the patient to consume raw fruits and vegetables
D. Practicing meticulous hand hygiene before all patient interactions

91. The nurse is cleaning up a blood spill in a patient’s room. What is the correct procedure?

A. Use alcohol wipes to clean the spill
B. Cover the spill with a disposable towel and discard in regular trash
C. Clean the area with a 1:10 bleach solution
D. Allow the spill to dry before cleaning

92. A patient with active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. Which intervention is necessary?

A. Place the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room
B. Require all staff to wear surgical masks when entering the room
C. Initiate droplet precautions immediately
D. Allow the patient to ambulate freely with a surgical mask

93. During a code blue, the nurse accidentally touches a contaminated surface with a gloved hand. What is the best action?

A. Immediately change gloves and continue care
B. Finish the procedure before changing gloves
C. Disinfect the gloves with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
D. Notify the team leader about the contamination

94. Which intervention is the most effective in preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

A. Isolating all patients with infections
B. Using alcohol-based hand rubs between patient contacts
C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to all surgical patients
D. Screening all visitors for infectious diseases

95. A nurse is caring for a patient with a central venous catheter. What action reduces the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections?

A. Flushing the catheter with normal saline every 24 hours
B. Using sterile technique during dressing changes
C. Keeping the catheter site uncovered for easy inspection
D. Replacing the catheter every 3 days

96. Which action is appropriate when transferring a patient with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection?

A. Transporting the patient with a gown and gloves
B. Placing the patient in a clean isolation gown for transport
C. Avoiding transport unless medically necessary
D. Both B and C

97. The nurse is preparing to administer medications through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). What is the priority infection control measure?

A. Wearing sterile gloves during medication administration
B. Scrubbing the catheter hub with alcohol for 15 seconds
C. Administering antibiotics to prevent infection
D. Cleaning the catheter site with sterile water only

98. Which item is included in standard precautions for all patient care?

A. Wearing an N95 respirator during patient care
B. Using gloves when anticipating contact with body fluids
C. Isolating all patients with respiratory symptoms
D. Disinfecting equipment only after visible contamination

99. A patient has been diagnosed with varicella (chickenpox). What isolation precautions are appropriate?

A. Contact precautions only
B. Airborne and contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions only
D. Standard precautions only

100. What is the priority for the nurse when caring for a patient with a latex allergy?

A. Use latex-free gloves and equipment
B. Place an allergy alert bracelet on the patient
C. Remove all balloons from the room
D. Administer an antihistamine before any procedure

101. A nurse is preparing to care for a patient undergoing radiation therapy. Which statement about radiation safety is accurate?

A. Pregnant staff should limit their exposure to radiation patients
B. Staff should wear protective gowns when near the patient
C. Visitors should stay at least 3 feet away from the patient at all times
D. The patient should be placed on droplet precautions

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102. The nurse identifies that a coworker failed to wash their hands before entering a patient’s room. What is the appropriate action?

A. Notify the infection control nurse
B. Report the incident to the nurse manager
C. Remind the coworker to wash their hands
D. Ignore the incident to avoid conflict

103. Which factor increases a patient’s risk for developing a surgical site infection?

A. Administering antibiotics 24 hours postoperatively
B. Removing surgical drains within 12 hours
C. Controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic patients
D. Using hair clippers instead of razors for hair removal

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104. A nurse observes a patient with hepatitis B disposing of tissues in the trash. What is the correct intervention?

A. Double-bag all trash in the room
B. Use biohazard bags for all contaminated tissues
C. Place the patient on droplet precautions
D. Educate the patient on proper hand hygiene

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105. When providing education to a new nurse about handling linens, which statement is accurate?

A. Place soiled linens on the floor during bed changes
B. Roll soiled linens inward to contain contaminants
C. Dispose of all linens in biohazard bags
D. Shake linens to remove debris before placing in the hamper

106. A nurse is caring for a patient with neutropenia. Which precaution is most important?

A. Wearing a surgical mask when entering the room
B. Restricting fresh flowers and plants in the room
C. Using gloves for all patient contact
D. Placing the patient in a negative-pressure room

107. What is the most effective way to prevent a patient from developing pressure ulcers?

A. Repositioning the patient every 4 hours
B. Applying lotion to dry skin twice daily
C. Keeping the patient’s skin clean and dry
D. Using specialized pressure-relieving mattresses

108. The nurse is inserting an intravenous (IV) catheter. What action reduces the risk of infection?

A. Using clean gloves during the insertion
B. Selecting a catheter size proportional to the vein
C. Cleaning the insertion site with an alcohol swab
D. Removing the IV catheter every 48 hours

109. A patient is placed on droplet precautions for meningitis. What intervention ensures compliance?

A. Staff must wear N95 respirators when in contact with the patient
B. The patient must wear a surgical mask when leaving the room
C. Visitors must remain at least 6 feet away from the patient
D. Place the patient in a negative-pressure room

110. Which action by the nurse ensures proper disposal of biohazardous waste?

A. Placing soiled dressings in a regular trash bag
B. Placing used needles in a sharps container
C. Disposing of blood-stained gauze in a paper trash bin
D. Placing urine samples in a biohazard bag only when leaking

111. When disposing of used needles, what is the correct action by the nurse?

A. Recap the needle before placing it in the sharps container
B. Place the needle and syringe directly into the sharps container
C. Break the needle tip before disposal
D. Wrap the needle in gauze and discard in regular trash

112. A nurse is caring for a patient with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). Which is the most important infection control measure?

A. Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer after patient care
B. Wash hands with soap and water after patient care
C. Place the patient on droplet precautions
D. Use sterile gloves during care

113. A patient has been admitted with measles. What type of precautions should be implemented?

A. Contact precautions only
B. Airborne precautions
C. Droplet precautions only
D. Standard precautions only

114. Which action demonstrates proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A. Donning gloves before putting on a gown
B. Removing gloves before removing the gown
C. Wearing the same mask throughout an entire shift
D. Placing a used gown in a linen hamper

115. What is the nurse’s priority when preparing to insert a urinary catheter?

A. Educating the patient about the procedure
B. Ensuring the use of sterile technique
C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
D. Positioning the patient for comfort

116. A patient has active shingles with open lesions. What type of precautions should be initiated?

A. Standard precautions only
B. Contact and airborne precautions
C. Droplet precautions only
D. Airborne precautions only

117. A nurse notes that a sterile package has a small tear. What is the appropriate action?

A. Use the package if the contents appear intact
B. Discard the package and obtain a new one
C. Reseal the package with tape before use
D. Use the package immediately to avoid contamination

118. Which intervention is appropriate to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

A. Elevate the head of the bed to 30–45 degrees
B. Perform oral care with water every 8 hours
C. Increase sedation to reduce patient movement
D. Use sterile gloves when changing ventilator settings

119. A nurse is caring for a patient with neutropenia. What is the best dietary recommendation?

A. Avoid raw fruits and vegetables
B. Provide high-fiber foods to prevent constipation
C. Encourage high-protein foods to promote healing
D. Offer cold foods to prevent nausea

120. A patient has been placed in restraints. What is the nurse’s priority action?

A. Document the time restraints were applied
B. Assess the patient’s circulation and skin integrity regularly
C. Leave the patient in restraints for the entire shift
D. Delegate monitoring of restraints to unlicensed personnel

121. What is the proper technique for removing a contaminated gown?

A. Remove the gown from the neck first and roll outward
B. Pull the gown off quickly to avoid contamination
C. Remove the gown from the waist first and roll inward
D. Untie all ties, roll the gown inward, and dispose properly

122. The nurse prepares to collect a sputum sample for a patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB). What precaution is necessary?

A. Collect the sample in a well-ventilated area
B. Wear a surgical mask during the collection
C. Place the patient on droplet precautions
D. Use an N95 respirator during the procedure

123. The nurse is caring for a patient with suspected sepsis. Which intervention reduces the risk of infection spread?

A. Wearing sterile gloves during all patient care
B. Adhering to strict hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Keeping the patient in isolation at all times
D. Administering broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately

124. Which practice is essential for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?

A. Use clean gloves when inserting a urinary catheter
B. Keep the drainage bag below bladder level
C. Flush the catheter with sterile water every shift
D. Replace the catheter every 48 hours

125. A nurse is preparing to remove an IV catheter. Which is the proper step?

A. Use an alcohol swab to cleanse the insertion site after removal
B. Apply firm pressure over the site with sterile gauze
C. Remove the catheter and immediately discard in regular trash
D. Cut the catheter to ensure proper disposal

126. A nurse observes a colleague discarding unused medication into a sink. What is the best response?

A. Report the incident to the nurse manager
B. Notify the pharmacy to document the disposal
C. Educate the colleague about proper medication disposal
D. Ignore the incident as no harm was done

127. A nurse is educating a family about contact precautions for a patient with MRSA. Which instruction is correct?

A. “You must wear a gown and gloves when entering the room.”
B. “A surgical mask is sufficient for your protection.”
C. “Hand hygiene is optional if gloves are used.”
D. “You can reuse gowns if they appear clean.”

128. The nurse is assisting with an aseptic dressing change. What action breaks sterile technique?

A. Touching the sterile field with ungloved hands
B. Holding sterile items above waist level
C. Opening a sterile package away from the body
D. Keeping the sterile field in direct view

129. When should the nurse wear a surgical mask instead of an N95 respirator?

A. When caring for a patient on droplet precautions
B. When working with a patient with active tuberculosis
C. When performing a sterile procedure in an operating room
D. Both A and C

130. A nurse is cleaning surgical instruments after use. What is the first step?

A. Sterilize instruments with an autoclave
B. Rinse instruments with sterile water
C. Soak instruments in a disinfectant solution
D. Remove visible debris before disinfection

131. A nurse is preparing to assist a client with oral care. The client is in isolation for an airborne-transmitted infection. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is required?

A. Gown and gloves only
B. Surgical mask and gloves only
C. N95 respirator, gloves, and gown
D. N95 respirator, face shield, and gloves

132. When cleaning up a blood spill, which action is most appropriate?

A. Use a dry cloth to absorb the blood
B. Disinfect the area with alcohol-based sanitizer
C. Clean the area with soap and water before applying disinfectant
D. Cover the area and wait for environmental services

133. Which type of patient is at the highest risk for infection development?

A. A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter
B. A patient with a surgical wound that is healing well
C. A patient receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics
D. A patient with a peripheral IV catheter

134. A patient with influenza is admitted to the hospital. What precaution should be implemented?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Reverse isolation

135. Which is the best method for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

A. Using gloves for every patient interaction
B. Performing proper hand hygiene consistently
C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to patients
D. Wearing a mask at all times in the facility

136. A nurse is caring for a patient with a central line. How often should the dressing be changed if it remains intact?

A. Every 48 hours
B. Every 7 days
C. Every 24 hours
D. Every 10 days

137. The nurse is about to remove contaminated gloves. What is the proper sequence?

A. Grasp the wrist of one glove, pull it off, then remove the other glove
B. Pinch the palm of one glove, pull it off, then use a bare hand to remove the second glove
C. Grasp the outside of one glove, remove it, then use the gloved hand to remove the second glove
D. Pinch the cuff of one glove, pull it inside out, then remove the second glove without touching the outside

138. Which statement by a nurse shows understanding of sterile technique?

A. “I can use a sterile field for two procedures if it looks clean.”
B. “I should open sterile packages away from my body.”
C. “I can reach over the sterile field if my hands are clean.”
D. “A damp sterile field is acceptable in an emergency.”

139. When preparing to transfer a patient with tuberculosis, what action is appropriate?

A. Place the patient in a surgical mask for transport
B. Have the transporter wear an N95 respirator
C. Use contact precautions for the transfer
D. Avoid transporting the patient under any circumstances

140. What is the correct technique for performing hand hygiene with alcohol-based sanitizer?

A. Apply sanitizer and rub hands for 5 seconds until dry
B. Rub hands together, covering all surfaces, until dry
C. Use a paper towel to spread sanitizer evenly
D. Apply sanitizer and rinse hands with water after rubbing

141. A nurse is caring for a patient in protective (reverse) isolation. What is the primary reason for this precaution?

A. To protect healthcare workers from the patient’s infection
B. To minimize the patient’s exposure to pathogens
C. To contain pathogens within the patient’s room
D. To allow frequent visitors while preventing pathogen spread

142. The nurse is performing a dressing change on a post-operative wound. Which action maintains asepsis?

A. Placing all dressing supplies on the bedside table
B. Wearing sterile gloves when touching the wound
C. Cleaning the wound from the outer edges toward the center
D. Keeping hands below the level of the sterile field

143. What is the correct way to store sterile equipment?

A. On a low shelf in a clean area
B. In sealed packaging above waist level
C. In an open container to ensure airflow
D. In the same cabinet as clean equipment

144. Which action is inappropriate during the care of a patient with C. difficile?

A. Using hand sanitizer after care
B. Wearing gloves during patient contact
C. Using disposable equipment when possible
D. Placing the patient in a private room

145. What is the minimum time for scrubbing hands with soap and water during routine handwashing?

A. 10 seconds
B. 20 seconds
C. 30 seconds
D. 40 seconds

146. A nurse is assisting in the insertion of a central venous catheter. What is the best method to reduce the risk of infection?

A. Use clean gloves during the procedure
B. Apply a transparent dressing immediately after insertion
C. Maintain strict sterile technique throughout the procedure
D. Change the dressing daily for the first week

147. A nurse educator is reviewing modes of infection transmission. Which is an example of indirect contact?

A. Touching an open wound on a patient
B. Inhaling airborne droplets from a patient’s cough
C. Touching a contaminated doorknob
D. Being bitten by an infected mosquito

148. When preparing to administer an intramuscular injection, the nurse notices the alcohol swab has dried out. What is the appropriate action?

A. Use the swab as long as it appears clean
B. Proceed without cleaning the injection site
C. Discard the swab and obtain a new one
D. Use hand sanitizer to clean the injection site

149. The nurse is caring for a patient with suspected meningitis. What type of isolation precaution is needed until a definitive diagnosis is made?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Reverse isolation

150. A nurse observes a spill of hazardous medication on the floor. What is the initial action?

A. Notify environmental services immediately
B. Put on appropriate PPE and contain the spill
C. Block access to the area and leave the spill unattended
D. Clean the spill with soap and water

151. A nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) who is on antibiotics. What is the most important action to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms?

A. Discontinue antibiotics as soon as symptoms improve
B. Administer antibiotics as prescribed for the entire duration
C. Switch to a broad-spectrum antibiotic immediately
D. Start the patient on a different class of antibiotic after 5 days

152. When should a nurse change gloves while caring for a patient?

A. After every action that involves touching the patient’s skin
B. When visibly soiled or after performing an invasive procedure
C. After touching clean items before touching the patient
D. When gloves feel uncomfortable

153. A patient is on droplet precautions for suspected influenza. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn?

A. Surgical mask and gloves
B. Surgical mask, gown, and gloves
C. N95 respirator, gown, and gloves
D. N95 respirator and gloves only

154. Which of the following is a proper technique for cleaning an infected wound?

A. Start at the wound center and clean outward
B. Use sterile gloves and materials for the entire procedure
C. Use an alcohol-based solution for cleaning
D. Allow the wound to dry before covering it

155. A nurse is using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. How long should the nurse rub the hands together until the sanitizer has dried?

A. 10 seconds
B. 15 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 30 seconds

156. The nurse is caring for a client with a draining wound. Which precaution is essential?

A. Wear a surgical mask only
B. Use gloves and gown when changing the dressing
C. Avoid touching the dressing material
D. Allow visitors to enter the room without restrictions

157. A nurse is teaching a patient about infection prevention. What is the best advice regarding handwashing?

A. Use hand sanitizer only when soap and water are unavailable
B. Wash hands for at least 10 seconds
C. Wash hands after using gloves and before touching any objects
D. Wash hands only after using the restroom

158. A nurse is caring for a client with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. What isolation precautions should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Droplet precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Protective isolation

159. Which of the following is a correct practice for safe disposal of needles after an injection?

A. Recap the needle to prevent needle sticks
B. Discard the needle in a puncture-resistant container
C. Place the needle in a regular trash bag
D. Leave the needle in the syringe until it can be discarded

160. What is the purpose of standard precautions in infection control?

A. To protect healthcare workers from airborne pathogens
B. To protect patients from hospital-acquired infections
C. To prevent the transmission of infectious agents during routine care
D. To avoid using personal protective equipment (PPE) in most cases

161. A patient with a highly contagious gastrointestinal infection requires isolation. What is the correct type of precaution?

A. Droplet precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Standard precautions

162. The nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient with active tuberculosis. Which personal protective equipment should be used?

A. A standard surgical mask
B. An N95 respirator
C. A face shield and gloves
D. A gown and gloves

163. What is the correct method for using an alcohol-based hand rub?

A. Use a small amount and rub hands together until dry
B. Rub hands together until wet, then rinse with water
C. Apply the rub, then dry hands with a paper towel
D. Apply a large amount and rub hands for 1 minute

164. What is the first action the nurse should take if a needle stick injury occurs?

A. Report the injury to the supervisor
B. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water
C. Apply antiseptic to the wound immediately
D. Apply a sterile bandage to the wound

165. The nurse is caring for a patient with a tracheostomy. What is the most important action to prevent infection in this patient?

A. Keep the tracheostomy tube sterile at all times
B. Clean the stoma site once per shift
C. Perform hand hygiene before and after suctioning
D. Change the tracheostomy tube every week

166. What is the best practice for a nurse when providing care for a patient with a catheter to prevent a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A. Maintain the catheter in a closed system
B. Change the catheter daily
C. Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake
D. Provide perineal care only once a day

167. What is the most important infection control measure to prevent the transmission of the influenza virus?

A. Frequent handwashing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
B. Wearing a mask when in close contact with patients
C. Administering vaccines to patients and staff
D. Isolating infected patients immediately

168. A nurse is caring for a patient on contact precautions. Which of the following is a correct practice?

A. The patient may have visitors without restrictions
B. The nurse should wear gloves and a gown when entering the room
C. The nurse should only use gloves when handling contaminated items
D. The patient should remain in the room at all times

169. A nurse is preparing to clean up a blood spill. Which solution is most appropriate for disinfecting the area?

A. A mixture of bleach and water
B. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. Soap and water

170. When should a nurse perform hand hygiene in relation to patient care?

A. Before and after any patient contact
B. Only after patient contact
C. After handling dirty linen and trash
D. Before giving oral medication

171. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been placed on airborne precautions. What type of room should the patient be placed in?

A. A private room with negative pressure
B. A private room with positive pressure
C. A shared room with other patients on isolation
D. A room near the nurse’s station

172. A nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a patient. What is the most important infection control measure to take?

A. Clean the injection site with alcohol
B. Wear gloves during the injection
C. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before giving the injection
D. Clean the vial of the vaccine with alcohol before using it

173. The nurse is caring for a patient who is on contact precautions. What personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse wear when entering the patient’s room?

A. Gown and gloves
B. Gown, gloves, and mask
C. Gloves only
D. Gloves and N95 respirator

174. A patient with a history of tuberculosis is coughing in the waiting room. What action should the nurse take?

A. Ask the patient to leave the waiting room
B. Place the patient in a private room with the door closed
C. Advise the patient to wear a surgical mask and sit in the waiting area
D. Administer oxygen to the patient immediately

175. The nurse is caring for a patient with a MRSA infection. Which of the following should the nurse implement for infection control?

A. Place the patient on airborne precautions
B. Wear a mask and gloves when entering the room
C. Implement contact precautions
D. Provide a private room for the patient with no restrictions

176. Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce the risk of surgical site infections?

A. Perform hand hygiene before and after the procedure
B. Use an antiseptic agent to clean the surgical area
C. Administer prophylactic antibiotics before surgery
D. Ensure all surgical instruments are sterilized

177. What should the nurse do first if exposed to a needle-stick injury from a patient with hepatitis B?

A. Report the incident to the supervisor
B. Wash the injury site with soap and water
C. Apply an antiseptic to the wound immediately
D. Monitor for symptoms of hepatitis B

178. Which of the following is the priority intervention for infection control in a healthcare setting?

A. Isolation of all patients
B. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Wearing gloves when touching contaminated items
D. Use of antibiotics in all patient care

179. The nurse is teaching a patient about the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should be emphasized?

A. Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics
B. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
C. Increase vitamin C intake
D. Limit handwashing to twice per day

180. A nurse is caring for a patient with a surgical wound. Which of the following is the most important action to prevent infection?

A. Keep the wound dry and clean
B. Change the dressing twice a day
C. Apply antibiotic ointment to the wound
D. Clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide

181. A nurse is caring for a patient who is on droplet precautions. What PPE should be worn when interacting with the patient?

A. Gloves and gown
B. Surgical mask
C. N95 respirator
D. Gloves, gown, and N95 respirator

182. Which of the following is a correct practice when performing hand hygiene with soap and water?

A. Wet hands before applying soap
B. Lather the hands for at least 5 seconds
C. Scrub hands for a minimum of 10 seconds
D. Dry hands with a paper towel after scrubbing

183. The nurse is caring for a patient with a C. difficile infection. What isolation precaution should be followed?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Standard precautions

184. A nurse is caring for a patient with a respiratory infection. Which of the following should be done to prevent the spread of infection?

A. Use a tissue or elbow to cover coughs and sneezes
B. Wear a mask only if symptoms worsen
C. Limit the patient’s fluids to prevent excessive mucus production
D. Change the patient’s bedding once every 72 hours

185. When cleaning a patient’s wound, the nurse should use which of the following?

A. A clean, dry dressing
B. An antiseptic solution unless contraindicated
C. A hydrogen peroxide solution to disinfect the area
D. An alcohol-based hand sanitizer for wound cleaning

186. The nurse is teaching about the transmission of respiratory infections. Which of the following is the most important method to prevent the spread of infections?

A. Avoid sharing personal items like tissues
B. Wash hands after coughing, sneezing, or touching the face
C. Use a humidifier to decrease the spread of germs
D. Always wear a mask in the presence of respiratory symptoms

187. A nurse is caring for a patient who is immunocompromised. Which of the following should be implemented to prevent infection?

A. Encourage a high-fiber diet
B. Restrict visitors with any cold or flu symptoms
C. Administer a prophylactic antibiotic regimen
D. Discontinue all intravenous fluids to reduce infection risk

188. The nurse is assisting in the preparation of an isolation room for a patient with a contagious illness. Which of the following should be included in the room setup?

A. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
B. A closed trash can
C. A box of surgical masks
D. A dedicated thermos for the patient

189. The nurse is caring for a patient who requires standard precautions. Which of the following practices should the nurse follow?

A. Wear gloves when handling blood or bodily fluids
B. Isolate the patient in a private room
C. Require the patient to wear a mask at all times
D. Place a sign indicating that the patient is on airborne precautions

190. What should the nurse do first when preparing to clean a patient’s wound?

A. Put on gloves and wash hands
B. Clean the wound with alcohol
C. Assess the wound for signs of infection
D. Apply antibiotic ointment

191. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a severe allergic reaction. What should the nurse do to prevent further complications?

A. Administer a sedative to calm the patient
B. Call for help and administer epinephrine as ordered
C. Offer the patient water to help with the symptoms
D. Place the patient in a Trendelenburg position

192. A nurse is caring for a patient with a wound infection. Which of the following is the most important action to reduce the risk of infection transmission?

A. Clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide
B. Wear gloves when handling wound dressings
C. Change the dressing every 24 hours
D. Provide the patient with an antibiotic ointment

193. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for a nurse to take when performing hand hygiene?

A. Use soap and water for 15 seconds
B. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when hands are not visibly soiled
C. Rub hands together for at least 5 seconds
D. Dry hands with a towel after washing

194. A nurse is educating a patient about hand hygiene. Which of the following is the most important reason to wash hands frequently?

A. To prevent the spread of infection
B. To remove dirt and oil from hands
C. To protect the skin from dry weather
D. To promote relaxation

195. A nurse is caring for a patient with an indwelling catheter. What should the nurse do to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?

A. Encourage the patient to drink fluids
B. Keep the catheter bag above the level of the bladder
C. Perform hand hygiene before and after catheter care
D. Change the catheter every 72 hours

196. The nurse is caring for a patient with a wound infection. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?

A. Change the dressing only when it becomes wet
B. Always wear gloves and a gown when handling wound care supplies
C. Administer antibiotics as prescribed
D. Clean the wound with a disinfectant before applying the dressing

197. A patient is on isolation precautions for an infection. Which of the following should the nurse do to protect themselves?

A. Wear gloves and a mask when providing care
B. Wash hands before and after patient contact
C. Limit all visits from healthcare personnel
D. Use a surgical mask for all staff members in the room

198. A nurse is caring for a patient with an infection that requires droplet precautions. What should the nurse wear when interacting with the patient?

A. Gloves only
B. Surgical mask
C. N95 respirator
D. Gown, gloves, and mask

199. The nurse is educating a patient on preventing the spread of a viral infection. What should be emphasized?

A. Wash hands frequently and cover mouth when coughing
B. Take antibiotics regularly as prescribed
C. Rest and drink fluids only when feeling unwell
D. Avoid contact with any other sick individuals

200. A nurse is assisting a patient with personal hygiene. Which of the following should the nurse avoid doing?

A. Avoid touching the patient’s mucous membranes
B. Avoid cleaning the patient’s wounds with sterile gauze
C. Avoid cross-contaminating between different parts of the body
D. Avoid wearing gloves during the hygiene process

201. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed antibiotics. What should the nurse do to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

A. Administer antibiotics on time as prescribed
B. Encourage the patient to complete the full course of antibiotics
C. Administer a second round of antibiotics when the patient feels better
D. Discontinue antibiotics if the patient feels better

202. A nurse is teaching a patient about infection control practices. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?

A. Cleanse the hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before eating
B. Wear gloves when administering medication
C. Keep wounds covered with a sterile dressing
D. Limit exposure to cold to avoid catching infections

203. The nurse is providing care to a patient in isolation. Which action is most important in preventing the spread of infection?

A. Use a separate room for the patient
B. Perform hand hygiene before and after patient care
C. Wear a gown and gloves only if the patient is coughing
D. Place a sign on the door to indicate isolation precautions

204. A nurse is caring for a patient with a fever. What action should the nurse take to minimize the risk of infection transmission?

A. Provide acetaminophen to lower the fever
B. Encourage the patient to drink fluids and rest
C. Have the patient wear a mask if fever is associated with respiratory symptoms
D. Restrict visitors to reduce exposure

205. A nurse is caring for a patient who is immunocompromised. What should the nurse emphasize for infection prevention?

A. Avoidance of all visitors
B. Hand hygiene and avoiding crowds
C. Administration of all vaccinations
D. Wearing a mask at all times

206. A nurse is preparing to clean up a spill of body fluids in the patient’s room. What should the nurse use?

A. Disinfectant wipes and gloves
B. Soap and water only
C. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
D. Paper towels without gloves

207. The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and is at risk for infection. Which of the following should the nurse monitor closely?

A. Vital signs and skin condition
B. Urine output and bowel movements
C. White blood cell count and temperature
D. Blood glucose levels and appetite

208. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with a MRSA infection. Which of the following precautions should be used?

A. Standard precautions
B. Airborne precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Contact precautions

209. A nurse is caring for a patient who has an infected wound. Which action will prevent cross-contamination?

A. Wear gloves when handling dressings
B. Use hand sanitizer before touching the wound
C. Clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide
D. Allow the patient to clean the wound independently

210. A nurse is caring for a patient in isolation. Which of the following is an essential action to minimize the risk of infection?

A. Isolate the patient in a separate room with a closed door
B. Ensure that the patient wears a mask at all times
C. Limit patient movement outside the room
D. Discard used PPE in a biohazard bag

211. A nurse is providing care to a patient with a respiratory infection. Which of the following precautions is the most important to prevent the spread of infection?

A. Wear gloves when providing care
B. Use a surgical mask and gloves
C. Place the patient in a private room
D. Provide the patient with a tissue to cover coughs

212. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been placed on contact precautions. Which of the following should the nurse do?

A. Wear a mask when entering the patient’s room
B. Wear a gown and gloves when providing direct care
C. Ensure the patient wears a surgical mask
D. Limit visitors to immediate family members only

213. A nurse is educating a patient about the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Which of the following is the most effective method to prevent the transmission of infection?

A. Wear gloves at all times
B. Perform hand hygiene frequently
C. Maintain isolation for the duration of hospitalization
D. Use antibiotics to prevent infections

214. The nurse is preparing a sterile field for a procedure. Which action is correct to maintain sterile technique?

A. Allow the sterile field to be open for no more than 15 minutes
B. Place sterile items on the field once the procedure begins
C. Touch sterile items only with sterile gloves
D. Keep the sterile field at eye level

215. A nurse is caring for a patient who has a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection. Which of the following is the most important to reduce the spread of infection?

A. Wear gloves when touching the patient’s environment
B. Administer prescribed antibiotics
C. Ensure that the patient is isolated in a private room
D. Limit the number of visitors

216. A nurse is providing care to a patient with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement?

A. Droplet precautions
B. Airborne precautions
C. Contact precautions
D. Standard precautions

217. The nurse is caring for a patient with influenza. What is the most appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to wear?

A. N95 respirator
B. Surgical mask
C. Face shield and gloves
D. Gloves and gown

218. The nurse is teaching a patient with a central line how to care for the line at home. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?

A. Clean hands thoroughly before and after handling the central line
B. Apply a topical antibiotic ointment to the insertion site daily
C. Remove the dressing every 2-3 days
D. Change the tubing weekly, regardless of the condition

219. A nurse is caring for a patient in an acute care setting. The nurse notices that the patient’s wound has a foul odor and is draining greenish-yellow pus. What is the first action the nurse should take?

A. Notify the physician
B. Administer prescribed antibiotics
C. Clean the wound and apply a fresh dressing
D. Ensure that the patient is isolated

220. A nurse is performing a sterile dressing change on a patient with a surgical wound. Which of the following actions would break sterile technique?

A. Touching the sterile field with sterile gloves
B. Opening sterile packages without contaminating the contents
C. Turning the sterile gloves inside out to place on the hands
D. Keeping the sterile field within a 12-inch boundary

221. The nurse is caring for a patient with a respiratory infection. Which of the following actions is most important to prevent the transmission of the infection?

A. Wear gloves when handling contaminated materials
B. Ensure the patient wears a surgical mask when leaving the room
C. Place the patient in a private room with a negative pressure ventilation system
D. Educate the patient on frequent hand hygiene

222. The nurse is preparing to administer an injection to a patient with an active infection. What is the most important step in preventing the spread of infection during this procedure?

A. Wash hands before and after the procedure
B. Use a sterile syringe and needle
C. Ensure that the patient is isolated
D. Wear gloves during the procedure

223. A nurse is caring for a patient who is immunocompromised. Which of the following actions is most important to prevent infection?

A. Restrict visitors who are sick
B. Ensure proper nutrition and hydration
C. Monitor vital signs and laboratory values
D. Encourage regular physical activity

224. A nurse is caring for a patient with a tracheostomy. Which action is necessary to reduce the risk of infection?

A. Clean the tracheostomy site with an alcohol-based solution
B. Change the tracheostomy tube daily
C. Perform suctioning as needed with sterile technique
D. Apply a sterile dressing around the tracheostomy

225. A nurse is educating a patient on infection prevention after a surgical procedure. Which of the following statements indicates that the patient understands the instructions?

A. “I will change my dressing daily and keep the wound dry.”
B. “I will take antibiotics until I feel better.”
C. “I will wash my hands frequently and avoid touching the wound.”
D. “I will wear a mask around visitors until the wound heals.”

226. A nurse is caring for a patient with a bacterial infection who is on antibiotics. Which of the following is most important to monitor?

A. Temperature
B. Heart rate
C. Oxygen saturation
D. White blood cell count

227. A nurse is educating a patient on the importance of completing a prescribed course of antibiotics. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?

A. “Stopping the antibiotics when symptoms improve is sufficient.”
B. “Taking antibiotics at irregular intervals can lead to resistance.”
C. “It is important to stop taking the antibiotics if you feel better.”
D. “Finish the entire course of antibiotics even if symptoms resolve.”

228. A nurse is caring for a patient with a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Which of the following is the most important intervention to prevent the spread of infection?

A. Use an indwelling catheter only when necessary
B. Remove the catheter as soon as possible
C. Perform catheter care with antiseptic solution every shift
D. Educate the patient on the importance of fluid intake

229. A nurse is caring for a patient with shingles. What isolation precaution should the nurse implement?

A. Airborne precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Standard precautions

230. The nurse is caring for a patient who is at high risk for developing an infection. Which of the following interventions is most effective in preventing infection?

A. Administering a prophylactic antibiotic
B. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing
C. Maintaining a sterile environment
D. Teaching the patient about hand hygiene

 

Questions and Answers for Study Guide

 

Discuss the importance of hand hygiene in infection control in healthcare settings. Include steps of proper hand washing, when to perform hand hygiene, and the role it plays in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Answer:

Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of infection control in healthcare settings, playing a critical role in preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Proper hand hygiene involves washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap and water are not available. It is essential to perform hand hygiene at key moments, including:

• Before patient contact: To prevent transferring pathogens to patients.
• After patient contact: To avoid spreading any contaminants to other patients or surfaces.
• Before aseptic tasks: Such as performing a sterile procedure, to avoid contaminating the sterile field.
• After touching contaminated surfaces: Such as surfaces or equipment in the patient’s environment.

The process involves scrubbing all areas of the hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water or using a sufficient amount of alcohol-based hand rub to cover the hands and rub them until dry. Hand hygiene reduces the transmission of pathogens, minimizes the risk of infections like MRSA, C. difficile, and influenza, and is a fundamental practice in safeguarding patient health.

 

Explain the different types of precautions (Standard, Contact, Droplet, and Airborne) used in infection control. When should each be applied?

Answer:

Infection control precautions are essential in minimizing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. There are four main types of precautions, each designed to protect against different modes of infection transmission:

• Standard Precautions: These are used for all patients, regardless of their infection status. They include practices like hand hygiene, wearing gloves when there is potential contact with blood or body fluids, and proper disposal of needles. Standard precautions aim to prevent the spread of infections through contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.
• Contact Precautions: These are used for patients with infections that can be transmitted through direct contact with the patient or contaminated objects and surfaces. Examples include Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Healthcare workers should wear gowns and gloves when entering the patient’s room and ensure that patient equipment is either dedicated to the patient or cleaned thoroughly before use with other patients.
• Droplet Precautions: These are used for infections that can be spread through respiratory droplets when a patient coughs, sneezes, or talks. Diseases such as influenza, pertussis, and mumps require droplet precautions. Healthcare workers should wear surgical masks when within 3 feet of the patient, and the patient should wear a mask if they need to be transported outside their room.
• Airborne Precautions: These are used for infections that are transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air for long periods. Diseases like tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox require airborne precautions. Healthcare workers should wear an N95 respirator, and patients should be placed in rooms with negative pressure ventilation to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens.

The implementation of the appropriate precautions is crucial to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases and protect both patients and healthcare workers.

 

Describe the role of personal protective equipment (PPE) in infection control and list the types of PPE. Include when each type should be used and how it contributes to preventing infections.

Answer:

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential in protecting healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents. It acts as a barrier between the worker and the patient’s potentially contaminated environment. The types of PPE include gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection.

• Gloves: Gloves should be worn when there is a risk of coming into contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin. Gloves help prevent the transmission of pathogens by providing a physical barrier between the worker’s hands and potentially contaminated surfaces.
• Gowns: A gown should be worn when there is a risk of exposure to blood, body fluids, or contaminated items. Gowns prevent contamination of clothing and protect the worker from the spread of infections, particularly when caring for patients with wounds or bodily fluid exposure.
• Masks: Masks should be worn when caring for patients with respiratory infections, such as influenza or tuberculosis, or when performing procedures that may generate droplets or aerosols. Masks prevent the inhalation of infectious particles and also help prevent the spread of droplets from the wearer.
• Eye Protection: Goggles or face shields are used to protect the eyes from splashes, sprays, or aerosols that may contain infectious materials. Eye protection is particularly important when caring for patients with infections that involve significant respiratory transmission or when performing procedures that involve risk of exposure to body fluids.

PPE must be used according to the type of infection and its transmission route. It provides an essential means of preventing the spread of infection, protecting both healthcare workers and patients from exposure to infectious agents.

 

What is the role of isolation in preventing the spread of infection in healthcare settings, and how should isolation precautions be managed?

Answer:

Isolation is an essential practice in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infections, particularly those that are contagious or resistant to treatment. Isolation involves physically separating infected patients from others and implementing specific infection control practices tailored to the type of pathogen.

The management of isolation precautions includes identifying the appropriate type of isolation (e.g., Contact, Droplet, or Airborne) based on the infection’s transmission route. Once the correct precautions are determined, healthcare workers must follow strict protocols to prevent cross-contamination. Key elements of managing isolation include:

• Placing patients in private rooms or cohorting them with patients with the same infection.
• Clearly marking patient rooms with appropriate isolation signs.
• Providing personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers entering the room.
• Limiting patient movement outside the isolation room and ensuring the patient wears a mask when transport is necessary.
• Educating staff and visitors about proper infection control practices.

Isolation not only protects other patients and healthcare workers but also ensures that the patient receives focused care while minimizing exposure to external pathogens. Regular assessment and adherence to isolation guidelines are critical for preventing the spread of infections in healthcare environments.

 

Explain how the use of antibiotics in healthcare settings can impact infection control, including the risks of antibiotic resistance and strategies to prevent it.

Answer:

The use of antibiotics in healthcare settings is pivotal in treating bacterial infections. However, inappropriate or overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance, which makes infections harder to treat and increases the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and become resistant to the drugs used to treat them. This can result from factors such as overprescription of antibiotics, improper dosage, and patients not completing their full course of treatment. Resistant infections, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), are more challenging to manage and can lead to prolonged hospital stays, more complex treatments, and increased mortality.

Strategies to prevent antibiotic resistance include:

• Antibiotic Stewardship Programs: These programs aim to optimize the use of antibiotics by promoting appropriate prescribing practices and ensuring that antibiotics are only used when necessary.
• Infection Control Measures: Implementing standard and transmission-based precautions to limit the spread of resistant organisms within healthcare settings.
• Patient Education: Ensuring that patients understand the importance of completing their full course of antibiotics and following prescribed instructions.

By addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance and promoting judicious use, healthcare providers can help protect patients from infections that are difficult to treat and reduce the overall burden of resistance.

 

Explain the significance of vaccination in infection prevention in healthcare settings, and how should nurses educate patients on the importance of vaccinations?

Answer:

Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings by reducing the risk of disease transmission and outbreaks. Vaccines help protect both individuals and populations by inducing immunity against specific pathogens. For healthcare workers, vaccination not only safeguards their health but also reduces the likelihood of transmitting infectious diseases to vulnerable patients.

Healthcare workers should be vaccinated against diseases such as influenza, hepatitis B, and measles to minimize the risk of occupational exposure and transmission. Additionally, patient education is essential in encouraging vaccination as a preventive measure. Nurses can educate patients by:

• Providing clear, evidence-based information: Explaining the benefits of vaccination, such as the prevention of serious illnesses and complications.
• Addressing concerns: Listening to patients’ concerns and providing factual information to debunk myths or misunderstandings about vaccines.
• Promoting herd immunity: Emphasizing how vaccinations help protect those who cannot be vaccinated, such as immunocompromised patients.

Through education and advocacy, nurses can enhance vaccination rates, reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases, and improve patient safety.

 

Describe the role of cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization in infection control. How should these processes be implemented in healthcare settings to ensure patient safety?

Answer:

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are three essential processes in infection control that ensure healthcare environments are free of harmful pathogens. These processes reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and play a vital role in maintaining patient safety.

• Cleaning: The first step in infection control, cleaning involves the removal of dirt, dust, and organic material from surfaces and equipment. It does not necessarily kill bacteria but reduces the microbial load. Cleaning should be done regularly and thoroughly, especially on high-touch surfaces like bedrails, doorknobs, and medical equipment.
• Disinfection: Disinfection involves the use of chemical agents to kill or deactivate harmful microorganisms on surfaces and equipment. This process is used when items do not require sterilization but must be sanitized to prevent infection transmission. High-level disinfection is used for semi-critical items like endoscopes, while low-level disinfection is used for non-critical surfaces.
• Sterilization: Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms, including spores, on medical equipment. This is crucial for items that come into contact with sterile tissues, such as surgical instruments. Autoclaving is a common method of sterilization, using heat and pressure to eliminate all forms of microbial life.

Each process should be implemented according to the type of surface or equipment and the level of contamination risk. Regular staff training and adherence to infection control guidelines are essential to ensure that cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are carried out effectively, thereby ensuring a safe environment for patients.

 

What is the role of environmental controls in infection prevention, and what specific measures can be taken to control the spread of infection in hospital settings?

Answer:

Environmental controls are crucial in preventing the spread of infections within healthcare settings. The hospital environment can harbor pathogens that cause infections, making it essential to implement measures that reduce the risk of infection transmission. These measures include:

• Ventilation Systems: Proper ventilation is essential, particularly for airborne pathogens like tuberculosis or measles. Negative-pressure rooms are used for patients with airborne infections, while adequate air exchanges are required to prevent the accumulation of infectious particles in the air.
• Cleaning and Disinfecting High-Touch Surfaces: Surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, bedrails, and remote controls, are high-risk areas for infection transmission. Regular cleaning and disinfection of these surfaces using appropriate agents help reduce pathogen presence.
• Waste Management: Proper disposal of waste, including sharps, soiled linen, and medical waste, prevents cross-contamination. Bins should be placed strategically, and staff should be trained to handle waste without risking exposure.
• Isolation and Cohorting: Patients with infectious diseases should be placed in isolation rooms to prevent contact with non-infected individuals. For diseases transmitted via contact or droplets, cohorting infected patients is also an effective measure.
• Pest Control: In healthcare settings, the presence of pests such as rodents and insects can facilitate the spread of infection. Regular pest control measures, including inspections and sealing entry points, are necessary.

These environmental controls, when implemented correctly, help prevent cross-contamination and reduce the risk of HAIs, contributing to a safer healthcare environment.

 

Discuss the concept of “antimicrobial stewardship” and its importance in infection control. How can nurses contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts in healthcare?

Answer:

Antimicrobial stewardship refers to the coordinated effort to optimize the use of antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals) to improve patient outcomes while minimizing the risk of resistance and adverse effects. Its goal is to ensure that patients receive the right antibiotic, at the right dose, for the right duration, and for the right indication. This is critical in preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a growing concern in healthcare settings.

Nurses play a crucial role in antimicrobial stewardship efforts by:

• Advocating for appropriate prescribing: Nurses can contribute to antimicrobial stewardship by communicating with healthcare providers about the necessity of antibiotics and by questioning unnecessary prescriptions.
• Monitoring patient responses: Nurses should monitor patients for signs of infection and adverse reactions to antibiotics, ensuring that treatments are effective and adjusting them as necessary.
• Educating patients: Nurses can educate patients about the importance of completing prescribed antibiotic courses, the risks of misuse, and the potential for antibiotic resistance.
• Promoting infection prevention: By promoting infection control practices like hand hygiene and vaccination, nurses reduce the need for antibiotics by preventing infections in the first place.

By participating in antimicrobial stewardship, nurses help reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics, minimizing the spread of resistant infections and enhancing patient safety.

 

Explain the significance of the nurse’s role in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and outline the strategies to reduce the risk of CAUTIs.

Answer:

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and can lead to increased patient morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and additional healthcare costs. Nurses play a pivotal role in preventing CAUTIs through proper catheter care, vigilant monitoring, and patient education.

Key strategies to reduce the risk of CAUTIs include:

• Using Catheters Only When Necessary: Nurses should ensure that catheters are only inserted when absolutely necessary and removed as soon as the patient no longer requires them.
• Proper Insertion and Maintenance: Strict aseptic techniques should be followed during catheter insertion and care. This includes cleaning the perineal area before insertion and maintaining a sterile technique.
• Regular Monitoring: Nurses should monitor catheter sites regularly for signs of infection (redness, swelling, and discharge) and ensure the catheter is patent and draining properly.
• Catheter Care: Ensuring that the catheter is properly secured, maintaining a closed drainage system, and preventing kinks or occlusions in the tubing are all essential steps in reducing CAUTI risk.
• Patient Education: Nurses should educate patients on the importance of hygiene and the potential risks associated with catheter use, as well as encourage fluid intake to promote regular urination.

Through these practices, nurses can significantly reduce the risk of CAUTIs, promoting patient safety and reducing healthcare-associated complications.

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