Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning Practice Test
Which of the following is the primary goal of conducting a mental health evaluation for a psychiatric patient?
A) To diagnose a specific disorder
B) To identify any potential psychological distress and address the patient’s needs
C) To prescribe the most effective medication for treatment
D) To gather a detailed family history for psychiatric treatment
Which of the following is a key component of the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) role in diagnostic reasoning?
A) To prescribe psychotherapy
B) To assess patient symptoms and differentiate between psychiatric and medical conditions
C) To conduct family therapy sessions
D) To refer patients exclusively to psychiatrists for diagnosis
A patient presents with symptoms of persistent sadness, fatigue, and loss of interest in activities they previously enjoyed. Which disorder is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Bipolar Disorder
C) Major Depressive Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
In which of the following cases would a substance use disorder be most likely considered?
A) A patient with excessive worry about daily activities
B) A patient frequently using substances to relieve emotional distress
C) A patient demonstrating excessive weight gain
D) A patient with a history of violent behavior without substance use
Which of the following is an important aspect of developing a differential diagnosis in psychiatric assessments?
A) Relying solely on the patient’s self-reported symptoms
B) Considering both medical and psychiatric conditions that may cause similar symptoms
C) Focusing only on psychiatric disorders based on patient history
D) Only considering the most severe potential diagnosis first
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with borderline personality disorder?
A) Consistent feelings of grandiosity
B) Difficulty in regulating emotions, leading to intense relationships
C) Chronic depressive moods without periods of mania
D) Recurrent, excessive worry about health issues
Which of the following mental health disorders often involves a recurring pattern of impulsivity and disregard for others’ rights?
A) Antisocial Personality Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
What is the best approach to diagnostic reasoning when encountering a complex case with overlapping symptoms of multiple psychiatric disorders?
A) Assign the most common diagnosis first and adjust later
B) Conduct a thorough evaluation and rule out each potential diagnosis systematically
C) Provide treatment based on symptoms, ignoring the diagnostic process
D) Seek input from the patient’s family before making a diagnosis
Which of the following is an example of a mood disorder?
A) Panic Disorder
B) Bipolar Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia?
A) Recurrent, excessive worry
B) Persistent delusions or hallucinations
C) Chronic depressive symptoms
D) Periodic mood swings from mania to depression
Which assessment tool would most likely be used to screen for depression in an adult patient?
A) Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
B) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
C) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
D) Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
The goal of health promotion in psychiatric care includes:
A) Teaching patients about symptom management only
B) Focusing on the prevention of psychiatric disorders only
C) Improving overall mental well-being and reducing the risk of mental health issues
D) Prescribing medications for all patients with psychiatric disorders
A common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder is:
A) Disorientation and confusion
B) Persistent and excessive worry
C) Hallucinations and delusions
D) Impulsive behavior and aggression
The term “comorbidity” in psychiatric assessments refers to:
A) The presence of multiple symptoms within one diagnosis
B) The simultaneous presence of two or more mental health disorders
C) The severity of a single psychiatric disorder
D) The presence of a psychiatric disorder and a medical condition
Which of the following would be the most appropriate first-line treatment for a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
C) Antipsychotic medication
D) Cognitive behavioral therapy
Which of the following psychiatric conditions is characterized by a fear of social situations and the avoidance of social interactions?
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Which of the following is considered a diagnostic feature of substance use disorder?
A) Complete withdrawal from all substances
B) Compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences
C) Recurrent depressive episodes
D) Difficulty in managing personal relationships
Which diagnostic tool is most commonly used to assess the presence of psychosis in a patient?
A) Structured Clinical Interviews
B) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)
C) The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
D) The Beck Depression Inventory
A patient reports feeling excessively tired and unmotivated for the past six months. They have difficulty falling asleep and experience low appetite. This could be indicative of:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Bipolar Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
When conducting a mental health evaluation, what is the most important aspect to consider when taking a patient’s history?
A) The patient’s ability to pay for treatment
B) The presence of a psychiatric family history
C) The patient’s current symptoms and any prior mental health diagnoses
D) The patient’s religious beliefs and practices
What is a common sign of alcohol use disorder?
A) Frequent hallucinations
B) Extreme weight loss
C) Compulsive drinking despite social or interpersonal problems
D) Persistent delusions about others’ intentions
A patient exhibits intense fear of being in public places or crowds. This is most likely indicative of:
A) Panic Disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Which of the following is the primary objective of using the DSM-5 in psychiatric evaluations?
A) To recommend treatment options for patients
B) To provide a detailed explanation of a patient’s symptoms
C) To classify mental health disorders and guide diagnostic decision-making
D) To facilitate medication prescription for specific disorders
The primary goal of differential diagnosis in psychiatric practice is to:
A) Identify the single most likely diagnosis
B) Rule out other possible causes of symptoms before settling on a diagnosis
C) Focus on treating symptoms rather than identifying the underlying cause
D) Prescribe medications immediately for the most severe disorder
Which psychiatric condition is often treated with a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
A patient presents with excessive compulsive behaviors, such as washing hands repeatedly and checking locks. These symptoms are indicative of:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
Which of the following is a key symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Recurrent flashbacks or nightmares about a traumatic event
B) Disorganized thoughts and speech
C) Chronic fear of social situations
D) Intense sadness or hopelessness
A psychiatric assessment should always include:
A) A detailed family history of mental health disorders
B) A thorough review of medical conditions that could impact mental health
C) A discussion about the patient’s employment history
D) Immediate prescription of medication for the most severe symptoms
In what way can PMHNPs contribute to health promotion in psychiatric care?
A) By focusing solely on treating existing mental health disorders
B) By preventing the onset of psychiatric symptoms through early intervention and education
C) By prescribing the most effective medications for all patients
D) By maintaining strict focus on medication management only
The therapeutic use of psychotropic medications for mood disorders should be regularly monitored for:
A) Allergic reactions only
B) Improvements in sleep patterns
C) Side effects and treatment effectiveness
D) The need for psychotherapy
Which of the following is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Experiencing mood swings between depressive and manic episodes
B) Repeated and unwanted intrusive thoughts followed by compulsive behaviors
C) Chronic fear of social interactions or public speaking
D) A distorted sense of reality and hallucinations
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of bipolar disorder type I?
A) Chronic low mood without episodes of mania
B) Alternating periods of hypomania and major depressive episodes
C) At least one episode of full-blown mania with or without depressive episodes
D) Persistent anxiety with panic attacks
A primary care provider refers a patient to a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) after the patient reports persistent feelings of irritability, insomnia, and sudden weight loss. The most likely diagnosis could be:
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Major Depressive Disorder
D) Hyperthyroidism
What is the first step in performing a mental status examination (MSE)?
A) Administer a screening tool for mood disorders
B) Obtain the patient’s medical history
C) Observe the patient’s appearance, behavior, and speech
D) Ask the patient to describe their current symptoms in detail
A patient has a history of recurrent depressive episodes, coupled with feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and inability to concentrate. Which disorder might this patient be diagnosed with?
A) Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
B) Bipolar Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Which of the following is a symptom commonly seen in patients with panic disorder?
A) Persistent worry about health issues
B) Episodes of intense fear or discomfort, often accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain
C) Compulsive need for perfection
D) Excessive fear of being in social situations
The most significant diagnostic challenge in differentiating between depression and anxiety disorders is often:
A) The level of sleep disturbances
B) The emotional state of the patient during the evaluation
C) The physical symptoms presented by the patient
D) The overlap of physical symptoms like fatigue and irritability
The DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include which of the following symptoms?
A) Persistent low mood lasting more than six months
B) Re-experiencing trauma through intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, or nightmares
C) Paranoia and delusions related to specific events
D) A need to engage in compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety
Which of the following is the most common co-occurring disorder in individuals with substance use disorder?
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The first-line treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) typically includes:
A) Antipsychotic medication
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Prescription of sedative-hypnotic medications
A PMHNP conducts a mental health evaluation for a patient who has symptoms of disorganized speech, delusions, and hallucinations. Which disorder is most likely?
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
A patient with a history of trauma presents with emotional numbness and avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event. This may suggest the presence of:
A) Acute Stress Disorder
B) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
What is the main purpose of a psychiatric evaluation for a patient with suspected schizophrenia?
A) To establish the presence of physical health issues that may be contributing to the symptoms
B) To identify the patient’s family history of schizophrenia
C) To assess cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that suggest a psychotic disorder
D) To focus on the patient’s medication history
Which of the following is often considered a hallmark symptom of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Lack of interest in other people’s feelings
B) Excessive preoccupation with personal success and power
C) Persistent sadness and withdrawal from social situations
D) Recurrent thoughts of self-harm
When conducting an assessment for a patient suspected of having a substance use disorder, the most important initial step is:
A) Assessing for any co-occurring mental health disorders
B) Focusing on the patient’s family history of substance use
C) Evaluating the patient’s readiness to change and motivation for treatment
D) Immediately starting pharmacological treatment for withdrawal symptoms
A patient who has a history of depression presents with increasing irritability, rapid speech, and feelings of grandiosity. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar Disorder (Manic Episode)
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with chronic worry and tension that is disproportionate to the actual events. The patient frequently experiences muscle tension and restlessness. This is most likely indicative of:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Social Anxiety Disorder
A key feature of personality disorders is that they:
A) Present with acute, severe symptoms that resolve with treatment
B) Are relatively stable patterns of behavior and inner experience that differ significantly from cultural expectations
C) Primarily result from trauma or environmental factors
D) Are usually temporary and remit over time without intervention
The most effective treatment for substance use disorders typically involves:
A) Psychiatric hospitalization
B) A combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial therapy
C) Strictly medication management without therapy
D) Self-help groups only
A patient with a history of repeated binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, is most likely diagnosed with:
A) Anorexia Nervosa
B) Bulimia Nervosa
C) Obesity
D) Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following is an example of a psychotic symptom?
A) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals
B) Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness
C) Hallucinations or delusions
D) Intense fear of social situations
Which of the following treatment options is most commonly used to manage the manic episodes of Bipolar I Disorder?
A) Antidepressants alone
B) Antipsychotic medications and mood stabilizers
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
In the context of a differential diagnosis, which of the following is essential to rule out in a patient presenting with anxiety-like symptoms?
A) Physical illnesses such as thyroid disorders or anemia
B) Substance use or withdrawal
C) Medical conditions like chronic pain syndrome
D) All of the above
A common symptom of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults includes:
A) Disorganized thinking and speech
B) Difficulty maintaining attention and completing tasks
C) Inability to make decisions
D) Overly dependent behavior
In the case of a child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which of the following is a core treatment approach?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Parent training and behavior modification strategies
C) Medication therapy alone
D) Family therapy
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Being exposed to traumatic events or abuse
B) Having a family history of depression
C) Being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder
D) Engaging in substance use
A patient with chronic insomnia presents with a history of depressive episodes and anxiety. What is the most appropriate next step?
A) Focus on treating the insomnia first
B) Prescribe a benzodiazepine for immediate relief
C) Assess for underlying mood or anxiety disorders before treating insomnia
D) Recommend a trial of over-the-counter sleep aids
A PMHNP is conducting a diagnostic interview with a patient who has intense fear of separation from a loved one and experiences anxiety when apart from them. This may suggest:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Separation Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Social Anxiety Disorder
In patients with schizophrenia, cognitive symptoms might include:
A) Intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
B) Delusions and hallucinations
C) Impaired attention, memory, and executive functioning
D) Persistent worry and tension
A PMHNP suspects that a patient is experiencing a manic episode. The patient reports feeling unusually energetic, has difficulty sleeping, and is engaging in high-risk behaviors. Which of the following is a crucial part of the assessment?
A) The patient’s ability to maintain stable relationships
B) A complete medical evaluation to rule out other causes of symptoms
C) An in-depth evaluation of the patient’s sleep patterns
D) Administering a standard depression screening tool
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient who presents with excessive irritability, trouble concentrating, and sleep disturbances. The symptoms have persisted for several weeks and are affecting their daily life. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
Which of the following is a common feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
A) Feelings of excessive guilt or self-blame
B) Persistent delusions and/or hallucinations
C) Panic attacks and phobias
D) Recurrent manic episodes
When assessing a patient for potential depression, the PMHNP should prioritize evaluating:
A) The patient’s level of physical activity
B) Any history of previous suicide attempts or suicidal ideation
C) Family history of psychotic disorders
D) The patient’s recent substance use
Which of the following is the primary treatment modality for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Long-term use of benzodiazepines
Which of the following is considered a “positive” symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure)
B) Auditory hallucinations
C) Cognitive impairment
D) Affective flattening
Which of the following is the best first-line treatment for a patient diagnosed with panic disorder?
A) Benzodiazepines
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Long-term cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone
A PMHNP is working with a patient who reports experiencing frequent episodes of anger, impulsivity, and difficulty managing emotions. The patient has a history of unstable relationships and self-harm behaviors. This is indicative of:
A) Borderline Personality Disorder
B) Antisocial Personality Disorder
C) Bipolar I Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following is commonly associated with alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
A) Hallucinations
B) Bradycardia and hypotension
C) Muscle weakness and fatigue
D) Sudden weight loss and diarrhea
When evaluating a patient for a mood disorder, it is essential to assess:
A) The patient’s work-life balance
B) Any presence of psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations
C) The patient’s history of trauma or stressful life events
D) Whether the patient has a history of asthma or chronic lung disease
A patient with a history of trauma begins to experience flashbacks, hypervigilance, and difficulty sleeping. These symptoms are consistent with:
A) Acute Stress Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
The most effective therapy for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is:
A) Medication alone
B) Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Group therapy without a trauma focus
Which of the following is an example of a dissociative symptom?
A) Fear of public speaking
B) A sudden inability to recall personal information after a traumatic event
C) Persistent intrusive thoughts of harm
D) Extreme mood swings between manic and depressive episodes
In patients with generalized anxiety disorder, which of the following symptoms is most commonly observed?
A) Sudden panic attacks
B) Chronic worry about multiple aspects of life
C) Insomnia with excessive sleep
D) Auditory hallucinations
Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Overwhelming fear of rejection
B) A tendency to exaggerate achievements and expect admiration
C) A pattern of unstable relationships and self-destructive behavior
D) Chronic sadness and feelings of worthlessness
A patient is experiencing extreme mood shifts between feelings of elevated self-esteem, racing thoughts, and irritability, followed by severe fatigue and sadness. The PMHNP suspects:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar I Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Schizoaffective Disorder
The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa primarily relies on:
A) A history of trauma or abuse
B) The patient’s food intake and self-image issues
C) A significant history of substance use
D) Recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a substance use disorder?
A) High socioeconomic status
B) Family history of substance use disorder
C) Strong social support system
D) Early adulthood onset of depression
A patient presents with excessive worry about their health despite reassurance from physicians. This is most indicative of:
A) Panic Disorder
B) Health Anxiety Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Somatic Symptom Disorder
Which of the following conditions is most likely to present with both cognitive and psychotic symptoms?
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient reports recurrent intrusive thoughts of harming others, followed by an overwhelming need to engage in ritualistic hand-washing behaviors to reduce anxiety. This patient is most likely suffering from:
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
B) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
Which of the following is a key feature of conduct disorder in children and adolescents?
A) Chronic sadness and withdrawal
B) Violent behavior, aggression, and disregard for the rights of others
C) Difficulty concentrating in school
D) Fear of social situations
Which of the following is the first-line pharmacological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder?
A) Tricyclic antidepressants
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D) Antipsychotic medications
Which disorder is characterized by excessive concern with body weight and shape, often leading to restrictive eating and distorted perception of self-image?
A) Bulimia Nervosa
B) Anorexia Nervosa
C) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A PMHNP assesses a patient who has extreme difficulty in trusting others, is emotionally cold, and maintains a limited range of interpersonal relationships. This is indicative of:
A) Borderline Personality Disorder
B) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C) Paranoid Personality Disorder
D) Antisocial Personality Disorder
Which of the following is the primary goal when treating substance use disorders?
A) To cure the addiction
B) To prevent relapse and promote long-term sobriety
C) To increase the patient’s social interactions
D) To focus on managing the patient’s physical symptoms only
Which of the following is a common feature of bipolar II disorder?
A) One or more episodes of hypomania and major depressive episodes
B) Severe manic episodes that require hospitalization
C) Chronic irritability without periods of depression
D) Impulsive behavior with no episodes of depression
The presence of auditory hallucinations is considered a hallmark symptom of which disorder?
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Bipolar Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient with a history of recurrent panic attacks and significant worry about having future attacks may be diagnosed with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Which of the following is the primary approach for managing social anxiety disorder?
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focusing on exposure to social situations
B) Benzodiazepine medications
C) Long-term hospitalization and therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of antisocial personality disorder?
A) Unstable relationships and self-image
B) Excessive attention-seeking behaviors
C) A pattern of disregard for the rights of others, often involving deceit or manipulation
D) Chronic feelings of sadness and hopelessness
A patient with a history of trauma reports experiencing difficulty concentrating, flashbacks, and avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event. The symptoms last for more than a month. This is most likely indicative of:
A) Acute Stress Disorder
B) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following best describes the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode?
A) A sudden onset of elevated mood and increased energy
B) A sustained period of low mood and loss of interest in daily activities for at least two weeks
C) A pattern of manic episodes followed by depressive episodes
D) A pervasive pattern of negative thinking and emotional reactivity
Which of the following is considered a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Impaired attention and working memory
D) Extreme paranoia
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Antipsychotics
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A patient with major depressive disorder also reports difficulty making decisions, loss of appetite, and hypersomnia. Which of the following is a core feature of this disorder?
A) Manic episodes
B) Elevated mood and excessive energy
C) Anhedonia and feelings of worthlessness
D) Recurrent obsessions and compulsions
Which of the following is most likely to occur during a manic episode of Bipolar I Disorder?
A) Severe depression with lack of energy
B) Extreme irritability and high energy levels
C) Chronic anxiety and restlessness
D) Suicidal ideation and self-harm
A patient presents with anxiety, a sense of impending doom, and physical symptoms such as dizziness and palpitations. These symptoms occur suddenly and reach their peak within minutes. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with schizophrenia who has experienced continuous delusions for more than six months. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A) Provide psychoeducation and initiate antipsychotic medication
B) Recommend yoga or meditation as a first-line intervention
C) Prescribe an SSRI and monitor for side effects
D) Schedule electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) immediately
A patient who has a history of chronic depression and anxiety presents with excessive concern about minor everyday events. This is consistent with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following is a key feature of histrionic personality disorder?
A) A preoccupation with orderliness and perfection
B) Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
C) A strong desire for independence and self-sufficiency
D) Chronic feelings of distrust and suspicion of others
Which of the following is an important consideration when diagnosing bipolar II disorder?
A) The presence of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode
B) A history of at least three manic episodes
C) Symptoms of psychosis during depressive episodes
D) Chronic sleep disturbances without depressive symptoms
A patient presents with a pattern of disregard for the rights of others, including deceit and manipulation. This is most consistent with:
A) Borderline Personality Disorder
B) Antisocial Personality Disorder
C) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)?
A) Sudden onset of manic symptoms
B) Chronic low mood lasting for at least two years
C) Fluctuating mood with episodes of euphoria and depression
D) Acute anxiety and panic attacks
In patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy focuses on:
A) Teaching relaxation techniques
B) Gradually exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli while preventing compulsive behaviors
C) Medication management alone
D) Exploring unconscious conflicts through psychoanalysis
Which of the following is the primary treatment approach for patients with social anxiety disorder?
A) Medication management alone
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focusing on social exposure
C) Psychoanalysis to uncover unconscious conflicts
D) Antipsychotic medications
A patient presents with excessive worry about their health, frequent checking behaviors, and fear of developing a serious illness despite normal medical evaluations. This is consistent with:
A) Illness Anxiety Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Social Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following is most commonly associated with alcohol use disorder?
A) Symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity
B) Excessive fear of social interactions
C) Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
D) Extreme mood swings between depressive and manic states
A patient with schizophrenia presents with disorganized speech and behavior. Which type of symptoms does this reflect?
A) Positive symptoms
B) Cognitive symptoms
C) Negative symptoms
D) Affective symptoms
A patient with a history of severe trauma experiences persistent feelings of detachment from reality, emotional numbness, and an inability to recall key aspects of the traumatic event. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
B) Dissociative Amnesia
C) Acute Stress Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following best describes the primary characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
A) Excessive self-admiration and a need for constant admiration
B) Emotional instability and a pattern of unstable relationships
C) Fear of abandonment and a tendency to avoid social situations
D) Preoccupation with perfection and rules
In the case of a patient experiencing mania, which of the following symptoms would likely be observed?
A) Lack of energy and excessive sleep
B) Excessive energy, grandiosity, and impulsive behavior
C) Lack of appetite and chronic fatigue
D) Paranoia and auditory hallucinations
A PMHNP is assessing a patient who reports a history of poor concentration, low self-esteem, and irritability for several months. The patient denies significant sleep problems and does not report suicidal thoughts. This pattern of symptoms is consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Bipolar II Disorder
Which of the following is a common characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A) Excessive need for admiration and attention
B) Fear of criticism or rejection leading to social withdrawal
C) Disregard for the rights of others
D) Difficulty in maintaining stable interpersonal relationships
A PMHNP is working with a patient who exhibits excessive preoccupation with weight and body image, along with restrictive eating behaviors. This is most indicative of:
A) Bulimia Nervosa
B) Anorexia Nervosa
C) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A patient with schizophrenia presents with impaired emotional expression, lack of motivation, and limited speech. These symptoms are considered:
A) Positive symptoms
B) Negative symptoms
C) Cognitive symptoms
D) Affective symptoms
A PMHNP is conducting a mental health assessment for a patient with a history of anxiety and sleep disturbances. Which of the following would be most important to evaluate during the assessment?
A) The patient’s current work-life balance
B) The patient’s level of insight into their symptoms
C) The presence of any co-occurring medical or psychiatric conditions
D) The patient’s family history of mental health disorders
Which of the following is the primary treatment approach for patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder?
A) Medication management alone
B) Immediate crisis intervention and trauma-focused therapy
C) Psychoanalysis and long-term therapy
D) Avoiding discussion of the traumatic event
The most common treatment for patients with panic disorder is:
A) Antidepressants
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Long-term hospitalization
A PMHNP is assessing a patient who exhibits feelings of hopelessness, low energy, and chronic sadness. This pattern of mood is characteristic of:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) It is characterized by a history of manic episodes.
B) The symptoms must be present for at least 6 months.
C) It includes delusions and hallucinations.
D) GAD can only be diagnosed in the presence of trauma.
A patient presents with a lack of empathy, disregard for the rights of others, and a history of deceitful behavior. This pattern is most consistent with:
A) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
B) Antisocial Personality Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
Which of the following is most commonly seen in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Excessive worry about everyday events
B) Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks related to a traumatic event
C) Recurrent manic episodes
D) Chronic fear of social interactions
Which of the following treatments is most effective for treating a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and experiencing positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations?
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Antidepressant medications
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a history of hypomanic episodes followed by major depressive episodes. This is most consistent with:
A) Bipolar II Disorder
B) Bipolar I Disorder
C) Major Depressive Disorder
D) Cyclothymic Disorder
Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of a manic episode in Bipolar I Disorder?
A) Chronic sadness and lack of energy
B) Elevated mood, excessive energy, and impulsivity
C) Recurrent feelings of guilt and worthlessness
D) Sudden, severe mood swings from depression to mania
A patient with a history of trauma presents with an emotional numbing response, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and hypervigilance. These are characteristic symptoms of:
A) Acute Stress Disorder
B) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
Which of the following would be considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Auditory hallucinations
B) Disorganized speech
C) Lack of emotional expression (flat affect)
D) Delusions of grandeur
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors, such as vomiting or using laxatives. This is most consistent with:
A) Bulimia Nervosa
B) Anorexia Nervosa
C) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
In patients with social anxiety disorder, the primary fear is usually related to:
A) Fear of public speaking and being scrutinized by others
B) Fear of social rejection and feelings of inadequacy
C) Fear of gaining weight and developing eating disorders
D) Fear of intimacy and close relationships
A patient with chronic sadness, feelings of hopelessness, and low self-esteem for the past two years is most likely suffering from:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
C) Bipolar II Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient with a history of extreme mood swings, including episodes of elevated self-esteem, excessive energy, and irritability, followed by deep periods of sadness and low energy, is most likely diagnosed with:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
Which of the following is a core feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A pattern of excessive self-admiration and entitlement
B) A pervasive fear of social rejection and loneliness
C) A history of unstable relationships and self-destructive behaviors
D) A chronic sense of worthlessness and lack of identity
A patient with schizophrenia is demonstrating a lack of motivation to perform daily tasks, such as maintaining personal hygiene. This is most likely indicative of:
A) Negative symptoms
B) Positive symptoms
C) Cognitive symptoms
D) Affective symptoms
Which of the following treatments is typically considered first-line for panic disorder?
A) Benzodiazepines for immediate relief
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with SSRIs
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A patient with a history of alcohol use disorder reports increased tolerance to alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when they do not drink. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Alcohol Intoxication
B) Alcohol Use Disorder
C) Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder
D) Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder reports difficulty making decisions, chronic fatigue, and hopelessness. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Persistent Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder with Melancholic Features
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) Benzodiazepines
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Which of the following is considered a key feature of antisocial personality disorder?
A) A pervasive fear of being judged or ridiculed by others
B) A pattern of reckless behavior, disregard for others’ rights, and lack of remorse
C) Excessive need for attention and approval from others
D) Chronic feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem
A patient with bipolar disorder is presenting with symptoms of severe irritability, flight of ideas, and increased goal-directed activity. This is most consistent with:
A) Major depressive episode
B) Hypomanic episode
C) Manic episode
D) Mixed episode
A PMHNP is assessing a patient who is avoiding social situations due to a fear of being embarrassed or judged. This is most consistent with:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
A patient with a history of major depressive disorder presents with suicidal ideation and a plan to harm themselves. The PMHNP should:
A) Address the patient’s mood and anxiety first
B) Offer supportive therapy and follow-up in a few weeks
C) Make an immediate referral for crisis intervention and ensure the patient’s safety
D) Recommend relaxation exercises and self-help books
A patient with schizophrenia presents with incoherent speech, disorganized thinking, and bizarre behavior. These are considered:
A) Positive symptoms
B) Negative symptoms
C) Cognitive symptoms
D) Affective symptoms
Which of the following is a typical feature of delusional disorder?
A) Persistent delusions without the presence of significant mood disturbances
B) Intense auditory hallucinations accompanied by disorganized speech
C) A history of chronic depression with no psychotic features
D) Episodes of mania and depression that alternate
Which of the following conditions is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors, such as vomiting or laxative use?
A) Anorexia Nervosa
B) Bulimia Nervosa
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A patient presents with significant distress related to weight gain and their perceived physical appearance, despite a healthy body weight. This is most indicative of:
A) Anorexia Nervosa
B) Bulimia Nervosa
C) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A PMHNP is conducting an evaluation of a patient presenting with fear of being in crowded places, as well as a sense of detachment and panic attacks. This may indicate:
A) Agoraphobia
B) Social Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A patient is diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and presents with symptoms of withdrawal. Which of the following is a common withdrawal symptom?
A) Dehydration and constipation
B) Increased appetite and weight gain
C) Tremors, anxiety, and sweating
D) Hyperactivity and insomnia
A PMHNP is working with a patient who demonstrates a pattern of unstable relationships, self-image issues, and impulsivity. This is most consistent with:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Antisocial Personality Disorder
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with an inability to initiate or complete tasks, resulting in a lack of motivation. This is an example of:
A) Affective flattening
B) Cognitive impairment
C) Negative symptoms
D) Positive symptoms
Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder with melancholic features?
A) Elevated mood and hyperactivity
B) Lack of pleasure or interest in activities and significant weight loss
C) Excessive worry about minor life events
D) Chronic irritability and mood swings
A patient presents with a pervasive fear of social situations and a desire to avoid any event where they might be scrutinized or judged. This is most indicative of:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Agoraphobia
Which of the following is the primary difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder?
A) Bipolar I includes only depressive episodes, while Bipolar II includes only manic episodes.
B) Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes, whereas Bipolar I includes full manic episodes.
C) Bipolar I is less severe than Bipolar II.
D) Bipolar II is associated with psychosis, whereas Bipolar I is not.
A patient who experiences severe mood swings and feelings of emptiness, along with self-harm behaviors, is most likely diagnosed with:
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Antisocial Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient diagnosed with panic disorder. Which of the following would be a typical symptom?
A) Difficulty concentrating and persistent fatigue
B) Sudden onset of intense fear and physical symptoms such as chest pain and palpitations
C) Avoidance of social situations due to fear of embarrassment
D) A pattern of elevated mood and impulsive behavior
Which of the following describes the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) A history of recurrent panic attacks with a fear of social rejection
B) Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least six months, along with physical symptoms such as restlessness and muscle tension
C) Sudden onset of severe mood swings and sleep disturbances
D) Intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
A patient presents with a pattern of excessive fear of being judged or humiliated in social situations, which significantly impairs their daily functioning. This is most consistent with:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Agoraphobia
Which of the following is a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) A pattern of extreme mood swings
B) Recurrent, intrusive, and distressing thoughts (obsessions), paired with repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
C) Fear of being in social situations and rejection by others
D) Hallucinations and delusions of grandeur
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a pattern of risky behavior, disregard for the safety of others, and a lack of remorse for their actions. This is most consistent with:
A) Antisocial Personality Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D) Avoidant Personality Disorder
Which of the following is a key feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A need for constant admiration, a grandiose sense of self-importance, and a lack of empathy for others
B) Chronic feelings of emptiness and a fear of abandonment
C) A pattern of intense interpersonal relationships and a tendency to engage in self-destructive behavior
D) Recurrent fear of being judged or rejected in social situations
Which of the following would most likely be observed in a patient with a manic episode of Bipolar I Disorder?
A) A lack of interest in activities and significant weight loss
B) Excessive energy, irritability, and impulsivity
C) Social withdrawal and extreme fatigue
D) Hallucinations and delusions of persecution
Which of the following best describes the behavior of a person diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder?
A) Excessive need for admiration and lack of empathy for others
B) Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
C) A strong need for independence and avoidance of intimacy
D) Disregard for the rights of others and a tendency to manipulate people
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder presents with sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and a lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. This presentation is most consistent with:
A) Persistent Depressive Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
C) Bipolar Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with flat affect, social withdrawal, and reduced ability to function in daily life. These symptoms are most indicative of:
A) Positive symptoms
B) Cognitive symptoms
C) Affective symptoms
D) Negative symptoms
A patient with bipolar I disorder reports that they have been feeling unusually energetic, talkative, and irritable for the past few days. They have been engaging in risky behaviors and have a decreased need for sleep. This is most indicative of:
A) Hypomanic episode
B) Major depressive episode
C) Mixed episode
D) Manic episode
Which of the following is a core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Fear of social situations and embarrassment
B) Recurrent intrusive memories or flashbacks related to a traumatic event
C) Manic episodes characterized by elevated mood and impulsivity
D) Compulsive behaviors such as washing and checking
Which of the following is typically seen in patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A) Persistent mood swings from depression to mania
B) Sudden shifts in personality and identity, often with memory loss
C) Fear of being in public places or crowded areas
D) Recurrent flashbacks of traumatic events
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with significant anxiety about potential physical illnesses, despite normal medical evaluations. This pattern is most consistent with:
A) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
B) Illness Anxiety Disorder
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following is a key feature of agoraphobia?
A) Fear of being judged in social settings
B) Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if a panic attack occurs
C) Fear of contamination and a need to wash excessively
D) Fear of harm from others due to paranoid delusions
A patient presents with chronic and excessive worry, muscle tension, and restlessness. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
A patient with a history of major depressive disorder presents with excessive guilt and thoughts of suicide. Which of the following is the most important intervention?
A) Offer supportive therapy and relaxation techniques
B) Provide psychoeducation about depression
C) Make an immediate referral for crisis intervention and ensure patient safety
D) Recommend lifestyle changes, including exercise and diet
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a history of alcohol use disorder. The patient reports feeling tremors, anxiety, and sweating when they haven’t consumed alcohol in several hours. This is most consistent with:
A) Alcohol Intoxication
B) Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
C) Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder
D) Alcohol-Induced Mood Disorder
Which of the following is the most common symptom in patients with dissociative amnesia?
A) Loss of memory related to a traumatic or stressful event
B) Inability to recognize loved ones or familiar surroundings
C) Recurrent dissociative episodes triggered by stress
D) Flashbacks and intrusive memories
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with depression who is experiencing anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, and hypersomnia. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
B) Persistent Depressive Disorder
C) Bipolar II Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder with atypical features
A patient presents with the inability to maintain stable interpersonal relationships, chronic feelings of emptiness, and intense fear of abandonment. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Antisocial Personality Disorder
D) Avoidant Personality Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a pattern of extreme mood swings, chronic irritability, and feelings of inadequacy. The patient also reports engaging in impulsive behaviors during periods of elevated mood. This is most consistent with:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
A patient presents with significant difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, and chronic feelings of tension and worry for more than six months. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Major Depressive Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Panic Disorder
A patient diagnosed with bipolar I disorder presents with severe depression, including a lack of interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death. This is most indicative of:
A) Manic Episode
B) Hypomanic Episode
C) Mixed Episode
D) Major Depressive Episode
A patient with a long history of using substances reports drinking alcohol excessively to cope with stressful life situations. The patient continues to drink despite negative consequences. This is most consistent with:
A) Substance-Induced Disorder
B) Substance Use Disorder
C) Alcohol Intoxication
D) Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a history of binge eating episodes, marked distress about their eating habits, and compensatory behaviors like vomiting. This is most likely indicative of:
A) Bulimia Nervosa
B) Anorexia Nervosa
C) Binge Eating Disorder
D) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder presents with extreme mood swings, difficulty maintaining stable relationships, and a history of self-harm. These symptoms are most indicative of:
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D) Antisocial Personality Disorder
A patient with a history of schizophrenia presents with auditory hallucinations and delusions of persecution. The PMHNP should consider:
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Substance-Induced Psychosis
C) Schizophrenia with Positive Symptoms
D) Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features
Which of the following is a core feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Intense fear of being judged or humiliated
B) Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety
C) Persistent thoughts of self-harm
D) Hallucinations and delusions
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with difficulty in understanding abstract concepts, poor attention span, and memory problems. These are indicative of:
A) Positive Symptoms
B) Cognitive Symptoms
C) Negative Symptoms
D) Affective Symptoms
A patient with a history of severe mood swings, ranging from periods of extreme euphoria and energy to deep depression, is most likely diagnosed with:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
A patient diagnosed with agoraphobia experiences intense fear or anxiety in situations where escape may be difficult. Which of the following is a typical trigger for these symptoms?
A) Being in crowded places or public transportation
B) Being in a social gathering or party
C) Being alone in a quiet place
D) Engaging in public speaking
A patient diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, and brilliance. This is most indicative of:
A) Borderline Personality Disorder
B) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C) Antisocial Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
Which of the following is the most common form of treatment for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Psychoanalysis
A patient reports experiencing recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, along with persistent worry about additional attacks. This is most consistent with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient who demonstrates a lack of concern for others, repeated violations of social norms, and criminal behavior. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Antisocial Personality Disorder
B) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder has gained weight, overslept, and is excessively tired, yet still feels a persistent sense of hopelessness. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
B) Major Depressive Disorder with atypical features
C) Bipolar II Disorder
D) Persistent Depressive Disorder
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient who experiences significant distress about their body image and engages in excessive dieting, despite being at a normal weight. This is most consistent with:
A) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
B) Anorexia Nervosa
C) Bulimia Nervosa
D) Binge Eating Disorder
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with incoherent speech and bizarre behavior. These are most likely indicative of:
A) Cognitive Symptoms
B) Negative Symptoms
C) Positive Symptoms
D) Affective Symptoms
Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of bipolar disorder?
A) Antidepressants are the first-line treatment for manic episodes.
B) Lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly used to manage mood stability.
C) Therapy is the primary treatment, with medication being secondary.
D) Benzodiazepines are effective for managing manic symptoms.
A patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa presents with an intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight. This is most indicative of:
A) Bulimia Nervosa
B) Binge Eating Disorder
C) Anorexia Nervosa
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A patient with generalized anxiety disorder is presenting with excessive worry and fear about multiple aspects of their life, including work, health, and social relationships. How long must these symptoms typically persist for a diagnosis of GAD?
A) At least one week
B) At least one month
C) At least six months
D) At least one year
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with substance use disorder. The patient reports using substances to cope with feelings of depression. This behavior is consistent with:
A) Substance Dependence
B) Substance Abuse
C) Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
D) Alcohol Intoxication
A patient presents with a fear of being in places where escape might be difficult, such as public transportation and crowded areas. This is most indicative of:
A) Panic Disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder presents with feelings of guilt, low self-esteem, and a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. This is most indicative of:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
B) Persistent Depressive Disorder
C) Bipolar I Disorder
D) Cyclothymic Disorder
A patient presents with obsessive thoughts about contamination and engages in repetitive washing behaviors. These are indicative of:
A) Panic Disorder
B) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a long-standing pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and mood. This is most consistent with:
A) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Antisocial Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
A patient diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is experiencing intrusive thoughts about a traumatic event, difficulty sleeping, and irritability. The PMHNP should prioritize which of the following interventions?
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
B) Antipsychotic medication
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with the inability to express emotions appropriately, such as appearing indifferent to a loved one’s death. This is most indicative of:
A) Positive Symptoms
B) Negative Symptoms
C) Cognitive Symptoms
D) Affective Symptoms
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a long history of severe mood swings, from elevated periods of excessive energy to prolonged episodes of deep depression. This is most consistent with:
A) Cyclothymic Disorder
B) Bipolar I Disorder
C) Bipolar II Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
A patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reports that they cannot stop thinking about germs, leading to compulsive handwashing. The patient’s symptoms are primarily driven by:
A) Negative reinforcement
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
D) Avoidance of triggers
Which of the following is the most common comorbid disorder seen in individuals with bulimia nervosa?
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Substance Use Disorder
C) Anxiety Disorders
D) Antisocial Personality Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with recurrent panic attacks, including physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. This is most consistent with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Social Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Agoraphobia
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with disorganized speech, such as jumping from topic to topic in a way that is difficult to follow. This is most indicative of:
A) Affective Symptoms
B) Cognitive Symptoms
C) Positive Symptoms
D) Negative Symptoms
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with significant difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships, a fear of being judged, and avoidance of social situations. This is most consistent with:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Avoidant Personality Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder reports excessive sleep and overeating during their depressive episodes. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
B) Major Depressive Disorder with atypical features
C) Persistent Depressive Disorder
D) Bipolar II Disorder
A patient diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder demonstrates a lack of empathy, a disregard for the rights of others, and manipulative behaviors. Which of the following would be most characteristic of their behavior?
A) A pattern of self-destructive behaviors to gain attention
B) A lack of remorse after committing harmful actions
C) A deep fear of being abandoned by loved ones
D) An overwhelming need for admiration
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with borderline personality disorder who demonstrates intense emotional reactions and unstable relationships. This is most indicative of:
A) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
B) Histrionic Personality Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Avoidant Personality Disorder
Which of the following would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Lack of motivation and emotional expression
B) Social withdrawal and lack of verbal communication
C) Hallucinations and delusions
D) Difficulty maintaining focus or attention
A patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is engaging in compulsive behaviors to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial?
A) Psychoanalysis to uncover repressed memories
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention
C) Antidepressants to manage depressive symptoms
D) Group therapy to promote social interaction
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient with a history of chronic depression, sleep disturbances, and excessive guilt. The patient also reports feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Persistent Depressive Disorder
D) Cyclothymic Disorder
A patient with bipolar I disorder presents with elevated mood, increased energy, impulsive behavior, and a decreased need for sleep. These symptoms are most indicative of:
A) Hypomanic Episode
B) Manic Episode
C) Mixed Episode
D) Major Depressive Episode
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder who has difficulty experiencing pleasure in daily activities and has a significant loss of appetite. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Psychomotor agitation
B) Anhedonia and weight loss
C) Decreased concentration and hyperactivity
D) Delusions and hallucinations
Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of bulimia nervosa?
A) Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging
B) Persistent restriction of food intake leading to significant weight loss
C) Fear of gaining weight despite being underweight
D) A preoccupation with body image and fear of becoming obese
A PMHNP is assessing a patient diagnosed with agoraphobia. The patient reports avoiding places like shopping malls and public transportation due to fear of having a panic attack. This is most consistent with:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Agoraphobia
D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A patient with schizophrenia is experiencing delusions of grandeur, believing they are a famous celebrity. This symptom is classified as:
A) Hallucination
B) Delusion
C) Disorganized Thinking
D) Negative Symptom
Which of the following is true about the relationship between PTSD and dissociation?
A) Dissociation is not commonly associated with PTSD
B) Dissociation may be a coping mechanism to avoid traumatic memories
C) PTSD primarily involves a fear of losing touch with reality
D) Dissociation only occurs in patients with dissociative identity disorder
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with catatonia, characterized by a lack of movement, mutism, and rigid posturing. This is most indicative of:
A) Positive Symptoms
B) Negative Symptoms
C) Cognitive Symptoms
D) Affective Symptoms
A PMHNP is working with a patient diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. The patient has a history of hypomanic episodes, but no manic episodes. Which of the following treatments is most commonly prescribed for this disorder?
A) Lithium
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D) Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers
A patient with a history of schizophrenia presents with disorganized speech and behavior. The PMHNP should focus on:
A) Prescribing antidepressants to manage mood symptoms
B) Evaluating for possible substance use as a trigger for symptoms
C) Implementing cognitive remediation therapy to address cognitive deficits
D) Exploring interpersonal therapy to improve relationships
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder is experiencing extreme fatigue, weight gain, and hypersomnia. These are consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
B) Major Depressive Disorder with atypical features
C) Bipolar Disorder
D) Persistent Depressive Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with chronic depression, sleep disturbances, and feelings of worthlessness. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Bipolar Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Persistent Depressive Disorder
Which of the following is a common feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A preoccupation with achieving unrealistic success and admiration
B) A deep sense of insecurity and fear of rejection
C) A pattern of emotional instability and self-destructive behaviors
D) A lack of empathy and disregard for others’ feelings
A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reports engaging in excessive hand-washing to avoid contamination. The PMHNP should consider which of the following interventions?
A) Exposure and response prevention therapy
B) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient diagnosed with bipolar II disorder who is experiencing significant depressive symptoms. Which of the following medications is typically used to stabilize mood?
A) Antipsychotics
B) Antidepressants
C) Lithium
D) Benzodiazepines
A patient diagnosed with social anxiety disorder expresses intense fear of being negatively evaluated in social situations. Which of the following treatments would be most effective for this patient?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A patient with schizophrenia presents with hallucinations and delusions, including the belief that they are being watched by the government. This is most consistent with:
A) Paranoid Schizophrenia
B) Disorganized Schizophrenia
C) Catatonic Schizophrenia
D) Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
A patient presents with excessive preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear minor to others. This is most indicative of:
A) Anorexia Nervosa
B) Body Dysmorphic Disorder
C) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D) Bulimia Nervosa
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia presents with a flat affect, lack of speech, and limited motivation. These are most consistent with:
A) Positive Symptoms
B) Negative Symptoms
C) Cognitive Symptoms
D) Affective Symptoms
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with a history of manic episodes, including extreme irritability, impulsiveness, and a decreased need for sleep. This is most consistent with:
A) Bipolar I Disorder
B) Bipolar II Disorder
C) Cyclothymic Disorder
D) Major Depressive Disorder
A patient diagnosed with panic disorder reports experiencing sudden, overwhelming feelings of fear and anxiety, along with physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. These symptoms occur unpredictably. This is most consistent with:
A) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
B) Panic Disorder
C) Social Anxiety Disorder
D) Agoraphobia
A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder expresses feelings of hopelessness and thoughts of death, but does not report an active plan to harm themselves. The PMHNP should:
A) Administer antidepressant medication
B) Conduct a thorough suicide risk assessment
C) Recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
D) Refer the patient for inpatient hospitalization
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient with a long-standing pattern of impulsivity, self-harm behaviors, and emotional instability. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Antisocial Personality Disorder
B) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C) Borderline Personality Disorder
D) Histrionic Personality Disorder
A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reports spending several hours a day checking locks and appliances. This behavior is most indicative of:
A) Obsessive thoughts
B) Compulsive behaviors
C) Anxiety disorder
D) Generalized anxiety
A patient presents with an overwhelming sense of dread and worry about everyday situations, along with physical symptoms such as muscle tension and restlessness. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Social Anxiety Disorder
B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Panic Disorder
D) Agoraphobia
A patient with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents with hyperarousal, flashbacks, and avoidance behaviors. The most effective initial treatment would be:
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Exposure therapy
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Psychoanalysis
A PMHNP is working with a patient diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. The patient demonstrates a consistent disregard for the rights of others, as well as a lack of remorse for harmful actions. The PMHNP should focus on:
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
B) Medications to address mood instability
C) Long-term psychotherapy
D) Establishing clear boundaries and consequences for behavior
A patient diagnosed with agoraphobia reports avoiding situations where they may not be able to escape. The PMHNP should first consider:
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
B) Exposure therapy to gradually confront feared situations
C) Group therapy for social support
D) Medication alone, such as benzodiazepines
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with bipolar II disorder. The patient reports experiencing periods of hypomania, followed by depressive episodes. The most appropriate treatment for this condition is:
A) Antidepressant medications
B) Lithium or anticonvulsant mood stabilizers
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A patient with a long history of severe depression presents with low energy, feelings of worthlessness, and lack of interest in activities. This is most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder
B) Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
C) Bipolar II Disorder
D) Cyclothymic Disorder
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with generalized anxiety disorder who experiences excessive worry about work, health, and social interactions. How long must these symptoms persist for a diagnosis of GAD?
A) At least one week
B) At least one month
C) At least six months
D) At least one year
A patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa engages in recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting. What is the most likely comorbidity for this patient?
A) Bipolar Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Anxiety Disorders
D) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is experiencing visual and auditory hallucinations. The PMHNP should prioritize:
A) Medication management to address psychosis
B) Psychoanalytic therapy to uncover repressed memories
C) Family therapy to improve communication
D) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for anxiety
A PMHNP is assessing a patient diagnosed with substance use disorder. The patient continues to engage in drinking despite a history of alcohol-related legal issues. This behavior is indicative of:
A) Substance Use Disorder
B) Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
C) Alcohol Intoxication
D) Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
A patient with major depressive disorder presents with symptoms of hopelessness, social withdrawal, and loss of interest in activities. The PMHNP should consider which of the following interventions?
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Psychodynamic therapy
A patient diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports avoiding social interactions, preferring solitary activities. The patient has little desire for close relationships. These symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Avoidant Personality Disorder
B) Borderline Personality Disorder
C) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D) Schizoid Personality Disorder
A patient with bipolar I disorder presents with symptoms of mania, including elevated mood, impulsivity, and grandiosity. The most effective treatment for this patient would be:
A) Lithium
B) Antidepressants
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The patient presents with increased fatigue, significant weight loss, and feelings of guilt. This patient’s symptoms are most consistent with:
A) Major Depressive Disorder with atypical features
B) Major Depressive Disorder with melancholic features
C) Persistent Depressive Disorder
D) Bipolar Disorder
A patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reports intrusive thoughts about contamination, leading to excessive hand-washing. This is most indicative of:
A) Negative reinforcement
B) Compulsions
C) Delusions
D) Obsessive thoughts
A patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder presents with intense feelings of abandonment and emotional instability. Which of the following interventions is most effective?
A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
C) Medications alone
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A PMHNP is working with a patient diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder. The patient exhibits eccentric behaviors, odd beliefs, and social anxiety. The PMHNP should:
A) Focus on antipsychotic medications alone
B) Provide supportive therapy to encourage social engagement
C) Focus on confrontation of irrational beliefs
D) Avoid treatment as these behaviors are unchangeable
A patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder reports compulsively checking locks and doors to alleviate anxiety. The PMHNP should encourage:
A) Psychoanalysis to explore unconscious drives
B) Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy
C) Medication management for mood regulation
D) Group therapy for social support
A PMHNP is evaluating a patient diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. The patient experiences depressive episodes followed by hypomanic states. Which of the following is typically used to treat this condition?
A) Lithium
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Antidepressants
D) Mood stabilizers such as anticonvulsants
A patient diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder exhibits a constant distrust of others and reads hidden meanings into innocent remarks. The PMHNP should:
A) Encourage the patient to participate in group therapy
B) Engage in collaborative decision-making
C) Use psychoanalysis to explore childhood trauma
D) Work on building trust through therapeutic relationship
A PMHNP is assessing a patient with generalized anxiety disorder who reports excessive worry about everyday events. The most appropriate intervention would be:
A) Prescribing benzodiazepines
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Psychoanalysis