Psychopathology Practice Exam Quiz
Which of the following is a core feature of schizophrenia?
A) Hallucinations
B) Memory loss
C) Insomnia
D) Panic attacks
Major depressive disorder is characterized by:
A) Elation and hyperactivity
B) Feelings of worthlessness and guilt
C) Excessive energy
D) Delusions of grandeur
The primary difference between generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder is:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder involves occasional episodes of panic.
B) Panic disorder involves chronic worry.
C) Generalized anxiety disorder involves persistent anxiety without panic attacks.
D) Panic disorder is less severe.
A hallmark symptom of bipolar disorder is:
A) Sudden loss of memory
B) Extreme mood swings between mania and depression
C) Fear of social situations
D) Difficulty concentrating
A person who has a strong fear of social situations and being judged by others most likely has:
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which of the following is a common feature of borderline personality disorder?
A) Extreme mood swings and impulsive behavior
B) Perfectionism
C) High self-esteem
D) Consistent behavior patterns
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessions are defined as:
A) Repetitive behaviors
B) Recurrent intrusive thoughts
C) Physical tics
D) Periods of deep sadness
The term “catatonia” refers to:
A) A state of abnormal movement or immobility
B) A type of delusion
C) Chronic hallucinations
D) Anxiety related to everyday activities
Which of the following is considered a dissociative disorder?
A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Schizophrenia
The “fight or flight” response is most closely associated with which part of the nervous system?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Peripheral nervous system
A person who is constantly hoarding items and unable to discard possessions despite their lack of value is likely suffering from:
A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Hoarding disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
Which of the following disorders is characterized by an intense fear of being in places where escape may be difficult, often leading to avoidance of those places?
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder
A person with dissociative amnesia may experience:
A) Memory loss of important autobiographical information
B) Sudden emotional outbursts
C) Intense panic attacks
D) Hallucinations
What is the most distinguishing symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Intrusive memories or flashbacks
B) Persistent low mood
C) Hallucinations
D) Panic attacks
In which disorder do individuals believe that they are being persecuted or watched, often with no basis in reality?
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Paranoid personality disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Antisocial personality disorder
An individual with a history of extreme fear and avoidance of situations where they may be embarrassed is most likely to have:
A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Agoraphobia
A core feature of narcissistic personality disorder is:
A) Excessive self-importance and need for admiration
B) A lack of emotional expression
C) Intense fear of rejection
D) Chronic feelings of emptiness
Which of the following is a common feature of anorexia nervosa?
A) Excessive concern with body weight and a distorted body image
B) Extreme mood swings
C) Binge eating followed by purging
D) Excessive exercise without a focus on weight
An individual with excessive concern over a particular aspect of their health, without a medical explanation, may be suffering from:
A) Hypochondriasis (Illness anxiety disorder)
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Somatic symptom disorder
The prevalence of schizophrenia is:
A) Higher in women than men
B) Higher in men than women
C) Equal in men and women
D) Dependent on socioeconomic status
The hallmark symptom of antisocial personality disorder is:
A) Fear of social situations
B) Recurrent suicidal thoughts
C) A disregard for others’ rights
D) Chronic feelings of guilt
In which disorder do individuals show excessive attention-seeking behavior and emotionality?
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Histrionic personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Paranoid personality disorder
A person who experiences recurrent and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and engages in rituals to neutralize those thoughts is most likely suffering from:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Bipolar disorder
The most common treatment for schizophrenia is:
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Psychodynamic therapy
D) Family therapy
A fear of being alone in a situation without access to help or escape is characteristic of which disorder?
A) Panic disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Specific phobia
Which personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression?
A) Schizoid personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder
In which disorder does an individual experience recurrent, intrusive, and distressing memories of traumatic events?
A) Post-traumatic stress disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Major depressive disorder
A primary characteristic of avoidant personality disorder is:
A) An exaggerated sense of self-importance
B) A need for admiration
C) Fear of criticism and rejection
D) Excessive attention-seeking behavior
What is a common treatment approach for bipolar disorder?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Antidepressant medications only
C) Lithium and mood stabilizers
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) only
A person who displays excessive worry and tension about daily activities over a six-month period may have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
31. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of depression?
A) Persistent sadness
B) Loss of interest in activities
C) Heightened energy levels
D) Difficulty concentrating
32. Which of the following is most commonly associated with a psychotic episode?
A) Hallucinations
B) Generalized anxiety
C) Memory loss
D) Hyperactivity
33. Which of the following is a distinguishing factor between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder?
A) Bipolar I involves only depressive episodes
B) Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes, not full manic episodes
C) Bipolar I is only diagnosed in children
D) Bipolar II has longer periods of depression
34. A person with a persistent fear of spiders, despite knowing they are not dangerous, most likely has:
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Specific phobia
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
35. Which of the following is a key symptom of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Deep fear of abandonment
B) Lack of empathy for others
C) Chronic feelings of worthlessness
D) Emotional instability
36. In which of the following disorders do individuals experience extreme difficulty in being separated from attachment figures?
A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
37. Which of the following is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia?
A) Unpredictable mood swings
B) Delusions and hallucinations
C) Severe depression
D) Hyperactivity
38. A person who engages in repeated hair-pulling behavior that leads to noticeable hair loss most likely has:
A) Trichotillomania (Hair-pulling disorder)
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
39. An individual with a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy likely has:
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
40. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Intrusive memories
B) Hypervigilance
C) Apathy and emotional numbing
D) Feelings of euphoria
41. What is the primary treatment for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Exposure and response prevention therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Antidepressant medications only
42. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of conduct disorder?
A) Intense fear of social rejection
B) Repeated violations of the rights of others
C) Unstable interpersonal relationships
D) Excessive worry
43. A person who exhibits a persistent pattern of attention-seeking behavior, emotionality, and theatricality may have:
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Histrionic personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Antisocial personality disorder
44. Which of the following is characteristic of a panic attack?
A) Sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort
B) Excessive, ongoing worry about health
C) Compulsive behaviors
D) Extreme mood swings
45. What is the most common form of treatment for agoraphobia?
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Psychoanalytic therapy
C) Exposure therapy
D) Antipsychotic medications
46. Which of the following disorders is often treated using mood stabilizers?
A) Depression
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
47. A person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to display:
A) Overly emotional behavior
B) Violations of societal rules and others’ rights
C) Intense fears of abandonment
D) Extreme sensitivity to rejection
48. Which of the following is a symptom of hoarding disorder?
A) Excessive collecting without being able to part with items
B) Obsessive thoughts about germs
C) Fear of social situations
D) Difficulty leaving the house
49. What is the hallmark characteristic of dissociative identity disorder?
A) Uncontrollable bursts of laughter
B) The presence of two or more distinct personalities
C) Deeply ingrained feelings of guilt
D) Severe mood swings
50. Which of the following is a feature of avoidant personality disorder?
A) A strong need for admiration
B) Chronic feelings of emptiness
C) Fear of rejection and criticism
D) Impulsive behavior
51. A person who repeatedly checks locks, lights, or appliances due to fear of causing harm is likely dealing with:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
52. A person who feels a deep sense of loneliness and emptiness, often with intense mood swings and unstable relationships, may have:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder
53. Which of the following is a characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?
A) A lack of emotional expression
B) Odd beliefs or magical thinking
C) Excessive need for admiration
D) Fear of being alone
54. Which treatment modality is most commonly used for individuals with borderline personality disorder?
A) Antidepressant medications
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
55. The hallmark of narcolepsy is:
A) Intense dreams and nightmares
B) A sudden onset of sleep during the day
C) Insomnia at night
D) Persistent night terrors
56. Which of the following is the most distinguishing feature of schizoid personality disorder?
A) Excessive social anxiety
B) Avoidance of social activities
C) Disregard for social norms
D) Intense emotional reactions
57. Which of the following is a primary symptom of anorexia nervosa?
A) Engaging in compulsive eating
B) A distorted perception of body image and intense fear of weight gain
C) Difficulty falling asleep
D) Extreme anxiety about social interactions
58. The inability to remember important personal information, often after a traumatic event, is associated with which disorder?
A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
59. A person diagnosed with agoraphobia is likely to:
A) Avoid places where they fear being trapped or unable to escape
B) Experience persistent panic attacks in social settings
C) Engage in repeated compulsive behaviors
D) Experience severe mood swings
60. Which of the following is the primary treatment for schizophrenia?
A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
61. Which of the following best describes a characteristic of a person with dependent personality disorder?
A) Excessive attention-seeking behavior
B) Submissive and clingy behavior, needing to be taken care of
C) A lack of empathy for others
D) Grandiosity and entitlement
62. The primary characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is:
A) Impulsive behavior without regard for consequences
B) Intrusive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
C) Persistent low mood and lack of interest in activities
D) Extreme fear of being judged or embarrassed in social situations
63. A person who experiences intense fear or anxiety in social situations, such as public speaking, might be diagnosed with:
A) Panic disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Agoraphobia
64. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of antisocial personality disorder?
A) Excessive emotional responses
B) A disregard for the rights of others and violation of social norms
C) A pattern of self-harm and intense emotional instability
D) Fear of being abandoned by loved ones
65. Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder?
A) A pattern of unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions
B) An exaggerated need for admiration
C) Chronic feelings of emptiness
D) Severe mood swings between depression and mania
66. A person who experiences extreme fluctuations in mood, from overly happy to severely depressed, is likely to have:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) Cyclothymic disorder
67. Which of the following is a feature of dissociative identity disorder?
A) Severe depression and hopelessness
B) A person has two or more distinct identities or personalities
C) An overwhelming fear of social situations
D) Recurrent and persistent flashbacks of traumatic events
68. What is a common treatment for individuals with schizophrenia?
A) Antidepressants
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Beta-blockers
D) Stimulant medications
69. A person with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most likely to experience:
A) Extreme episodes of rage
B) Chronic worry and tension about a variety of topics
C) Recurrent panic attacks
D) Intense fear of being in social situations
70. Which of the following is characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Excessive empathy and compassion for others
B) A need for admiration and a sense of superiority over others
C) A pattern of self-destructive behavior
D) Fear of rejection and abandonment
71. Which disorder is characterized by recurring episodes of eating an excessive amount of food in a short period, without the compensatory behavior of bulimia nervosa?
A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Obesity
72. A person who experiences a sudden loss of vision or inability to move a limb after a stressful event, but with no physical cause, may be diagnosed with:
A) Conversion disorder
B) Somatic symptom disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Hypochondriasis
73. Which of the following is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD)?
A) Persistent manic episodes
B) Intense periods of irrational fear
C) A depressed mood lasting for most of the day, nearly every day
D) A fear of public speaking
74. Which of the following is an example of a compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Constantly checking locks or appliances
B) Engaging in social avoidance behaviors
C) Smoking to relieve stress
D) Feeling guilty about past mistakes
75. A person with agoraphobia may avoid:
A) Large crowds or unfamiliar places
B) Being in social situations
C) Engaging in public speaking
D) Close, intimate relationships
76. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of anorexia nervosa?
A) Extreme fear of gaining weight
B) Restriction of food intake
C) Binge eating followed by purging
D) Distorted body image
77. A person with a history of experiencing intense feelings of panic and a fear of losing control, often in situations where escape seems impossible, might have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Specific phobia
D) Social anxiety disorder
78. Which of the following best describes someone with dependent personality disorder?
A) A tendency to manipulate others to meet their needs
B) Fear of criticism and avoiding social situations
C) A need to be taken care of and clinging to others
D) A lack of concern for the feelings of others
79. Which of the following is a common feature of histrionic personality disorder?
A) Excessive emotional expression and attention-seeking behavior
B) A persistent pattern of avoiding close relationships
C) A lack of concern for social norms
D) A strong desire to avoid new or unfamiliar situations
80. Which disorder is often characterized by excessive attention to physical symptoms, with no medical explanation for them?
A) Hypochondriasis
B) Somatic symptom disorder
C) Conversion disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder
81. A person who has vivid memories of a traumatic event but feels emotionally detached or numb may be experiencing:
A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Bipolar disorder
82. Which of the following is a typical treatment for bulimia nervosa?
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Exposure therapy
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
83. Which disorder is characterized by an inability to control urges to act out a specific behavior, such as gambling or stealing?
A) Impulse control disorder
B) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Bipolar disorder
84. Which of the following is a key symptom of avoidant personality disorder?
A) Excessive self-esteem
B) Difficulty in expressing emotions due to fear of rejection
C) A need for control over others
D) A pattern of reckless behavior
85. A person who experiences both depressive episodes and manic episodes, but the manic episodes are less severe, may have:
A) Bipolar I disorder
B) Bipolar II disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Major depressive disorder
86. A person who feels deeply worthless and tends to engage in self-harm behaviors to cope with their emotional pain might be diagnosed with:
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Schizophrenia
87. Which of the following is a characteristic of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia?
A) Severe mood instability
B) Disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior
C) Overwhelming fear of social situations
D) Extreme difficulty maintaining employment
88. A person who feels persistently worried about many different areas of their life (e.g., work, health, social situations) and finds it difficult to control their anxiety might be diagnosed with:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder
89. Which of the following is a key symptom of substance use disorder?
A) Fear of leaving the house
B) Persistent cravings and a loss of control over substance use
C) A need to be in social situations
D) Excessive sleeping and withdrawal from activities
90. Which of the following is characteristic of reactive attachment disorder?
A) Difficulty forming emotional bonds to others
B) Extreme mood swings between depression and mania
C) Excessive fear of abandonment
D) A tendency to seek attention in inappropriate ways
91. Which of the following is a hallmark feature of schizophrenia?
A) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
B) Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking
C) Extreme fear of social judgment
D) Chronic feelings of inadequacy
92. A person who experiences intense fear of being in situations where they might not be able to escape, often avoiding crowded places, is most likely suffering from:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
93. Which of the following is a characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A) Fear of abandonment and intense emotional relationships
B) A persistent need for admiration and praise
C) Excessive sensitivity to criticism and rejection
D) A tendency to manipulate others for personal gain
94. The primary focus of treatment for anorexia nervosa is:
A) Weight loss management
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy to address body image distortion
C) Managing the person’s obsession with food
D) Medication to reduce anxiety
95. Which of the following is a typical symptom of dissociative amnesia?
A) Uncontrolled bursts of anger
B) Loss of memory for important autobiographical information
C) Severe hallucinations and delusions
D) The inability to feel physical pain
96. What is the most common age of onset for panic disorder?
A) Adolescence to early adulthood
B) Late adulthood
C) Middle age
D) Childhood
97. Which of the following is a key feature of somatic symptom disorder?
A) Intense and irrational fears of specific objects or situations
B) A pattern of intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
C) Persistent physical symptoms without a clear medical cause
D) Extreme mood fluctuations between depression and mania
98. The core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is:
A) Recurrent, involuntary flashbacks and nightmares about the trauma
B) Chronic feelings of emptiness
C) Excessive social withdrawal
D) Repetitive, intrusive thoughts about the future
99. Which of the following best describes a person with narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Persistent feelings of emptiness and depression
B) A need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others
C) Fear of being rejected or abandoned
D) A tendency to self-sabotage in close relationships
100. Which disorder involves the fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in social situations?
A) Panic disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Phobias
101. The hallmark of borderline personality disorder is:
A) Chronic distrust of others
B) Severe mood swings and unstable self-image
C) An obsession with perfection
D) A consistent need for control in relationships
102. Which of the following best characterizes the symptoms of conduct disorder?
A) Difficulty managing emotions and regulating behavior
B) A disregard for others’ rights and societal norms
C) Fear of social rejection and avoidance of interaction
D) Intense self-loathing and fear of abandonment
103. What is the main feature of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A) Fear of being criticized
B) A preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control
C) Impulsive actions and disregard for rules
D) Intense emotional reactions to perceived slights
104. What is a common treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) Exposure therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
105. Which of the following is most commonly associated with dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A) Extreme emotional numbness and avoidance of memories
B) Involuntary, rapid mood changes from depression to mania
C) The existence of two or more distinct personality states
D) A history of severe traumatic brain injury
106. A person who experiences repetitive thoughts about contamination followed by washing or cleaning rituals is most likely suffering from:
A) Hoarding disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder
107. Which of the following best describes the mood swings in bipolar II disorder?
A) Manic episodes with full-blown psychosis
B) Hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes
C) Mild depression with chronic anxiety
D) Extreme emotional instability in response to external stressors
108. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?
A) Intense fatigue and low energy
B) Grandiose beliefs and impulsive behavior
C) Fear of social judgment and criticism
D) Persistent sadness and hopelessness
109. Which of the following is true about schizoid personality disorder?
A) Individuals with this disorder seek out close relationships and enjoy socializing
B) Individuals tend to be indifferent to social relationships and prefer solitary activities
C) Individuals often display dramatic and emotional behavior
D) Individuals often seek control and manipulation of others
110. Which of the following is the primary treatment approach for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Medication to control mood swings
B) Antipsychotic medications to control hallucinations
C) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
D) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
111. The main characteristic of avoidant personality disorder is:
A) Grandiosity and a need for admiration
B) Excessive sensitivity to rejection and avoidance of social interaction
C) Manipulative behavior to gain control over others
D) A tendency to act in ways that violate social norms
112. Which of the following is the main symptom of binge-eating disorder?
A) Excessive concern with body weight and shape
B) Repeated episodes of eating large quantities of food without compensatory purging
C) Extreme restriction of food intake to lose weight
D) Repeatedly performing rituals to reduce anxiety
113. What is a common treatment approach for those with borderline personality disorder?
A) Medication to control manic episodes
B) Psychodynamic therapy to explore unconscious conflicts
C) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
D) Psychoeducation to teach about the disorder
114. Which of the following is true about people with antisocial personality disorder?
A) They tend to be highly sensitive to criticism
B) They often have difficulty empathizing with others and may engage in manipulative behaviors
C) They experience significant mood instability and anger outbursts
D) They avoid interpersonal relationships and social interactions
115. A person who consistently experiences distress related to their body image and engages in self-destructive behaviors to alter their appearance may have:
A) Body dysmorphic disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Histrionic personality disorder
116. A person who experiences fear of being separated from a primary attachment figure and exhibits clinging behavior might be diagnosed with:
A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Panic disorder
117. Which of the following is a characteristic of factitious disorder?
A) Creating or exaggerating symptoms for external gain
B) Deliberately faking illness to achieve attention or sympathy
C) Intense fear of specific objects or situations
D) Involvement in high-risk behaviors for pleasure
118. A person with a history of extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness, who has not experienced manic episodes, is most likely diagnosed with:
A) Bipolar I disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Bipolar II disorder
119. Which of the following is a typical symptom of conduct disorder in children?
A) Fear of social judgment and embarrassment
B) Repetitive actions and thoughts
C) Aggressive behavior toward others and a disregard for societal rules
D) Chronic feelings of sadness and emotional withdrawal
120. What is a common feature of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
A) Excessive worry about contamination
B) A preoccupation with food and body image
C) A fear of social situations and interactions
D) Uncontrollable episodes of overeating followed by purging
121. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder?
A) Periods of manic episodes
B) Chronic feelings of worthlessness and guilt
C) Intense fear of public speaking
D) Repetitive, intrusive thoughts
122. The primary symptom of dissociative fugue is:
A) Sudden and unexpected travel away from home, accompanied by inability to recall one’s identity
B) Uncontrollable physical movements and tics
C) Repeated, ritualistic behaviors to relieve anxiety
D) Extreme mood swings between depression and elation
123. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of hoarding disorder?
A) Persistent failure to maintain relationships due to extreme jealousy
B) Excessive accumulation of items, often causing significant clutter and distress
C) Compulsive cleaning behaviors that interfere with daily functioning
D) Chronic fears of being judged or rejected in social situations
124. The hallmark feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is:
A) Repetitive behaviors driven by intrusive thoughts
B) Fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult
C) A tendency to obsess over perfecting social interactions
D) Frequent nightmares and flashbacks of a traumatic event
125. Which of the following disorders is most commonly treated with exposure therapy?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
D) Social anxiety disorder
126. A person with a persistent and irrational fear of spiders is most likely suffering from:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Specific phobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
127. What is the primary symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A) Loss of memory for personal information
B) Inability to recall traumatic events
C) Presence of two or more distinct personality states
D) Sudden, overwhelming feelings of guilt
128. Which of the following best describes the primary symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Extreme mood swings with periods of depression and mania
B) Delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking
C) Excessive fear of social rejection
D) Persistent intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors
129. The main feature of histrionic personality disorder is:
A) A need for excessive admiration and attention
B) A persistent distrust and suspicion of others
C) Chronic feelings of inadequacy and avoidance of social situations
D) Obsessive preoccupation with perfectionism and orderliness
130. Which of the following is most often used to treat social anxiety disorder?
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Hypnotherapy
131. In which disorder do individuals experience episodes of eating large amounts of food without compensatory behaviors like purging?
A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Pica
132. Which of the following is a core feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Intense fear of being criticized
B) A tendency to manipulate others for personal gain
C) Grandiosity and a need for excessive admiration
D) A pervasive sense of social inadequacy
133. The key symptom of borderline personality disorder is:
A) Chronic feelings of emptiness and unstable relationships
B) A constant need for reassurance and validation
C) Preoccupation with perfection and order
D) A tendency to disregard social rules and conventions
134. Which of the following best describes a person with avoidant personality disorder?
A) Highly sociable and seeks approval from others
B) Intense fear of rejection, leading to avoidance of social situations
C) Manipulative and controlling of others
D) Often acts impulsively and engages in high-risk behavior
135. What is the most common treatment approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Antipsychotic medication
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), specifically exposure and response prevention
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Medication that increases dopamine levels
136. Which of the following is true regarding agoraphobia?
A) It involves excessive worrying about potential harm or danger
B) It is characterized by a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult
C) It is a fear of social rejection and avoidance of group activities
D) It is primarily treated with psychodynamic therapy
137. A person who repeatedly engages in self-harming behavior, such as cutting, is most likely suffering from:
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder
138. Which of the following disorders is characterized by excessive preoccupation with one’s appearance and constant checking or grooming?
A) Body dysmorphic disorder
B) Hoarding disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
139. Which disorder is characterized by the inability to recall important autobiographical information, often following a stressful or traumatic event?
A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
140. Which of the following is a treatment often used for individuals with bulimia nervosa?
A) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Medications to increase serotonin levels
141. Which disorder is characterized by a constant pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others?
A) Histrionic personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder
142. Which of the following is most characteristic of psychopathy?
A) Excessive sensitivity to criticism
B) A persistent disregard for the rights of others
C) Extreme anxiety in social situations
D) Chronic feelings of emptiness
143. The treatment of choice for panic disorder is typically:
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with medication
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Supportive therapy without medication
144. A person with persistent feelings of emptiness, difficulty in relationships, and intense episodes of anger and emotional instability most likely has:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Dependent personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder
145. A hallmark feature of schizotypal personality disorder is:
A) A need for excessive admiration and praise
B) Unusual or eccentric behavior and thoughts
C) Chronic feelings of inadequacy
D) Intense fear of rejection and abandonment
146. Which of the following best describes the symptom pattern in panic disorder?
A) Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that cause significant distress
B) Chronic feelings of anxiety about work and social interactions
C) Frequent obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
D) A persistent fear of being judged or evaluated by others
147. Which disorder is most commonly associated with intrusive, distressing thoughts that lead to compulsive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety?
A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Panic disorder
D) Agoraphobia
148. What is a typical treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) Behavioral activation therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication, such as SSRIs
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Psychoanalysis to uncover unconscious conflicts
149. Which disorder is characterized by significant worry or anxiety about numerous life events, even when they are unlikely to occur?
A) Panic disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Specific phobia
150. Which of the following is the hallmark of paranoid personality disorder?
A) Excessive trust in others
B) A pervasive mistrust and suspicion of others’ motives
C) A strong need for approval and admiration
D) Persistent feelings of inadequacy and fear of rejection
151. A person with social anxiety disorder is most likely to experience intense fear of:
A) Sleeping
B) Eating in front of others
C) Being judged or humiliated in social situations
D) Traveling to unfamiliar places
152. Which of the following is a characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A) A desire for constant attention and admiration
B) A pervasive need to control others
C) A pattern of avoiding social situations due to fear of rejection
D) Difficulty forming deep emotional attachments to others
153. The primary feature of conduct disorder is:
A) Excessive emotional reactions to minor events
B) A persistent pattern of violating the rights of others
C) Inability to experience guilt or remorse
D) Over-involvement in academic or work-related achievements
154. A person who exhibits excessive worry and fear about health-related issues despite a lack of serious medical conditions most likely has:
A) Somatic symptom disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Body dysmorphic disorder
155. Which of the following disorders is characterized by a pattern of impulsivity, disregard for others’ rights, and frequent violations of social norms?
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
156. The hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is:
A) Periodic panic attacks
B) Persistent intrusive memories and flashbacks related to a traumatic event
C) A constant feeling of guilt
D) Severe mood swings
157. A person who experiences alternating periods of extreme elation and depression may have:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Cyclothymic disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
158. Which of the following best describes the behavior of someone with narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Strong dependence on others for emotional support
B) An inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy
C) A desire to avoid conflict and seek approval from others
D) A tendency to disregard social rules and expectations
159. What is the main characteristic of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A) A preoccupation with perfectionism and control
B) A tendency to engage in compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety
C) A need for constant reassurance from others
D) A fear of social rejection
160. Which of the following best describes the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) Sudden and intense feelings of fear that cause physical symptoms like a racing heart
B) Constant worry about various aspects of life, with difficulty controlling the anxiety
C) A need to perform repetitive rituals to prevent a feared outcome
D) A fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult
161. A person who exhibits uncontrollable, repeated hand washing or checking behaviors most likely has:
A) Panic disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) Phobia
162. What is the most effective treatment for individuals with agoraphobia?
A) Medication to alleviate anxiety
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that focuses on gradual exposure to feared situations
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Meditation and relaxation techniques
163. Which of the following is a common feature of somatic symptom disorder?
A) The presence of physical symptoms that are unexplained by medical conditions
B) Excessive fear of being judged by others in social situations
C) A history of traumatic events that cause persistent emotional distress
D) Persistent intrusive thoughts related to past traumas
164. A person who experiences intrusive thoughts about harming others and engages in rituals to prevent these thoughts from coming true may have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Panic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder
165. Which disorder is characterized by excessive and unrealistic concern about the possibility of having a serious illness, despite reassurance from medical professionals?
A) Hypochondriasis
B) Conversion disorder
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder
166. The key feature of antisocial personality disorder is:
A) A lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others
B) Intense fear of abandonment
C) A pattern of avoiding social situations
D) Excessive need for admiration and attention
167. Which of the following is a treatment commonly used for panic disorder?
A) Exposure therapy
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
168. A person with histrionic personality disorder is most likely to exhibit which behavior?
A) Preoccupation with achieving perfection in every aspect of life
B) Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
C) Chronic feelings of emptiness and emotional instability
D) A persistent distrust of others’ motives
169. The presence of hallucinations and delusions is most indicative of which disorder?
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
170. Which of the following best describes the behavior of someone with dependent personality disorder?
A) A pervasive need to control others and manipulate situations
B) A strong fear of abandonment and difficulty making decisions without others’ input
C) A desire to isolate oneself from others to avoid criticism
D) A pattern of seeking excessive admiration and attention from others
171. What is a common characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder?
A) An excessive need to be the center of attention
B) Difficulty maintaining stable relationships and intense emotional reactions
C) A lack of concern for the consequences of their actions
D) An extreme fear of rejection and humiliation
172. Which of the following disorders is most often associated with individuals who have a long history of difficult relationships and emotional instability?
A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Major depressive disorder
D) Panic disorder
173. A person who frequently experiences sudden, intense feelings of terror that seem to occur out of nowhere is likely suffering from:
A) Panic disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
174. Which of the following is a treatment commonly used for depression and anxiety disorders?
A) Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Psychoanalytic therapy
175. A person who is extremely preoccupied with the idea of becoming obese, despite being underweight, is most likely suffering from:
A) Body dysmorphic disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
176. The presence of recurrent and unexpected panic attacks is most indicative of which disorder?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
177. Which of the following is a typical symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Flashbacks and intrusive memories related to a traumatic event
B) A chronic pattern of excessive fear and worry about everyday situations
C) A sudden loss of memory for autobiographical information
D) A tendency to repeatedly check locks, lights, or other objects
178. A person who constantly seeks validation and approval from others, often at the expense of their own needs, is most likely suffering from:
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Dependent personality disorder
C) Histrionic personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder
179. Which of the following is a treatment approach often used for individuals with eating disorders?
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Medication that reduces appetite
D) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
180. A person who engages in repeated behaviors such as hair-pulling or skin-picking is likely suffering from:
A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
B) Trichotillomania
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder
181. Which of the following is a key feature of schizophrenia?
A) Intense feelings of sadness and hopelessness
B) Detachment from reality, including hallucinations and delusions
C) Extreme fear of social situations and embarrassment
D) Excessive energy and lack of need for sleep
182. A person with dissociative identity disorder (DID) is likely to:
A) Experience a sudden loss of memory or identity
B) Exhibit two or more distinct personality states
C) Feel the urge to perform repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety
D) Have difficulty distinguishing between fantasy and reality
183. Which disorder is characterized by recurrent and severe episodes of binge eating without compensatory purging behaviors?
A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
184. A person with a deep, persistent fear of being in situations where escape is difficult or embarrassing may have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Agoraphobia
D) Panic disorder
185. What is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder?
A) A feeling of euphoria and extreme energy
B) A preoccupation with food and weight
C) A persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest in activities
D) A tendency to violate the rights of others
186. A person with specific phobia is most likely to:
A) Fear a particular object or situation, such as spiders or flying
B) Be terrified of social situations due to the fear of judgment
C) Exhibit compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety
D) Experience sudden and intense feelings of terror without a clear trigger
187. Which of the following is a symptom of bipolar disorder during the manic phase?
A) Excessive energy and impulsive behavior
B) Extreme sadness and lack of energy
C) Chronic worry about health-related issues
D) Constant fear of being judged by others
188. What is the primary cause of psychosis in individuals with schizophrenia?
A) Stress and anxiety
B) Brain chemical imbalances, particularly dopamine
C) Trauma and abuse
D) A genetic predisposition to depression
189. The primary symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is:
A) Impulsivity and difficulty concentrating
B) Sudden outbursts of anger and aggression
C) An excessive need for perfection and control
D) Intense fear of being judged by others
190. Which of the following is a potential cause of dissociative identity disorder?
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Chronic trauma or abuse during childhood
C) A history of depression or anxiety
D) Excessive substance abuse
191. Which of the following is most commonly used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Dialectical behavior therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
192. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of avoidant personality disorder?
A) A preoccupation with achieving perfection in every aspect of life
B) A tendency to avoid social interactions due to fear of rejection
C) A need for constant admiration and attention from others
D) A pattern of violating the rights of others
193. A person who experiences extreme mood swings, ranging from deep depression to intense mania, may have:
A) Cyclothymic disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Major depressive disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder
194. Which disorder is marked by a person’s inability to remember important personal information, often following a traumatic event?
A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
D) Major depressive disorder
195. Which of the following is a symptom of borderline personality disorder?
A) A pervasive need to be the center of attention
B) Unstable relationships and a fear of abandonment
C) A tendency to engage in impulsive behavior for attention
D) A pattern of violating others’ rights
196. A person with somatic symptom disorder may:
A) Engage in self-destructive behaviors to cope with emotional pain
B) Frequently seek medical attention for unexplained physical symptoms
C) Have a distorted view of reality and experience hallucinations
D) Be preoccupied with the possibility of developing a serious illness
197. The most effective treatment for panic disorder is:
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
198. Which of the following is the hallmark symptom of anorexia nervosa?
A) Excessive preoccupation with eating and weight
B) Recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging
C) Severe restriction of food intake and fear of gaining weight
D) Engaging in excessive exercise to avoid gaining weight
199. The best approach to treating dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves:
A) Medication to alleviate symptoms
B) Integration of the separate identities into one coherent sense of self
C) Encouraging the patient to confront traumatic memories
D) Psychoanalysis and dream interpretation
200. Which of the following is most common among individuals with narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A constant need for approval and admiration
B) Difficulty empathizing with others and a sense of superiority
C) Chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom
D) A history of unstable and intense relationships
201. A person with histrionic personality disorder is likely to exhibit:
A) Extreme preoccupation with work and achievement
B) Attention-seeking behavior and exaggerated emotions
C) Difficulty establishing close personal relationships
D) A pervasive sense of distrust toward others
202. Which disorder is characterized by recurrent thoughts about specific fears or obsessions, often leading to compulsive behaviors?
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Panic disorder
203. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?
A) Flashbacks to a traumatic event
B) Nightmares and intrusive thoughts
C) Intense feelings of guilt and shame
D) A constant need to perform rituals to prevent harm
204. Which of the following is a key feature of antisocial personality disorder?
A) A tendency to avoid social interactions due to fear of rejection
B) A disregard for the rights and feelings of others
C) A pervasive need to be admired and recognized
D) A pattern of excessive dependence on others
205. The primary characteristic of conduct disorder in children and adolescents is:
A) Persistent patterns of aggressive or antisocial behavior
B) Extreme emotional instability and fear of abandonment
C) Difficulty focusing on tasks and following through on assignments
D) A tendency to engage in self-destructive behaviors
206. A person who experiences persistent sadness and loss of interest in daily activities may be diagnosed with:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Schizophrenia
207. Which of the following is a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
A) A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
B) Odd beliefs or magical thinking
C) A deep fear of abandonment and unstable relationships
D) A tendency to violate others’ rights with no remorse
208. A common treatment for dissociative disorders involves:
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy aimed at integrating the different identities
B) Psychoanalysis focused on reinterpreting unconscious motivations
C) Medication to help with memory loss
D) Exposure therapy to confront traumatic memories
209. Which of the following is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
A) A fear of being in public spaces
B) Excessive worry about various aspects of life
C) Sudden, intense feelings of terror
D) A persistent urge to engage in repetitive behaviors
210. A person who engages in ritualistic behaviors to prevent feared events, such as checking locks repeatedly, is most likely suffering from:
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) Panic disorder
D) Body dysmorphic disorder
211. Which of the following is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A) Extreme fear of social situations
B) Excessive worry about everyday matters
C) Recurrent panic attacks
D) Uncontrollable thoughts about food
212. What is the primary characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Chronic feelings of insecurity and self-doubt
B) A sense of grandiosity and need for admiration
C) Difficulty with emotional attachment and intimacy
D) A pattern of impulsivity and risk-taking behavior
213. The most effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is:
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Group therapy
214. A person who experiences intrusive thoughts about contamination and engages in repeated hand-washing may have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
215. A person with social anxiety disorder is most likely to:
A) Avoid social situations due to fear of judgment or embarrassment
B) Experience intense mood swings between depression and mania
C) Engage in excessive self-destructive behavior
D) Exhibit uncontrollable urges to perform repetitive actions
216. Which of the following is a primary feature of bulimia nervosa?
A) Self-imposed starvation and extreme weight loss
B) Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging
C) Over-exercising to avoid weight gain
D) Extreme preoccupation with body shape without actual weight loss
217. Which of the following disorders is characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others?
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
218. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of panic disorder?
A) Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
B) Extreme fear of social situations
C) Persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness
D) Difficulty concentrating on daily tasks
219. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?
A) A diminished ability to think or concentrate
B) A history of manic episodes
C) Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
D) Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
220. A person with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to:
A) Seek treatment to improve their relationships
B) Display impulsive and irresponsible behavior
C) Be excessively concerned with others’ feelings
D) Have extreme mood swings between depression and mania
221. Which of the following is the most common age of onset for schizophrenia?
A) Early childhood (under 10 years old)
B) Adolescence or early adulthood (18-25 years)
C) Late adulthood (60+ years)
D) Middle age (40-50 years)
222. What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating anxiety disorders?
A) To change the underlying neurological causes of the disorder
B) To identify and alter negative thought patterns that contribute to anxiety
C) To explore unconscious conflicts related to childhood experiences
D) To promote relaxation and mindfulness techniques
223. A person who experiences repeated episodes of excessive eating followed by feelings of guilt, but does not engage in purging behaviors, is most likely suffering from:
A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Binge-eating disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
224. Which of the following is the most prominent feature of borderline personality disorder?
A) Chronic feelings of emptiness and instability in relationships
B) A pervasive need for admiration and attention
C) A lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others
D) Repeated episodes of compulsive behaviors or rituals
225. A person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is likely to:
A) Experience intrusive thoughts and perform rituals to reduce anxiety
B) Strive for perfection and have rigid standards for themselves and others
C) Avoid social interactions due to a fear of being judged
D) Engage in self-destructive behaviors to cope with stress
226. Which of the following is true about somatic symptom disorder?
A) It is characterized by excessive concern about having a serious illness despite medical reassurance
B) It involves a pattern of stealing or engaging in criminal behavior
C) It is marked by a fear of being in social situations
D) It involves the inability to form relationships or emotional attachments
227. A person with dissociative amnesia may have:
A) Memory loss related to a traumatic event
B) Multiple distinct personality states
C) A tendency to violate the rights of others
D) Chronic fears and anxieties without a specific cause
228. A primary characteristic of hoarding disorder is:
A) Recurrent and excessive worry about health
B) Difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of value
C) Repetitive behaviors like washing or checking
D) Fear of being in crowded or public places
229. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of bipolar disorder?
A) Extreme mood swings from mania to depression
B) A long-term pattern of avoidance and fear of social situations
C) Elevated energy, impulsive behavior, and risky decisions during manic episodes
D) Feelings of hopelessness and sadness during depressive episodes
230. A person who has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and an ongoing need for admiration may be diagnosed with:
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
231. Which of the following is the primary treatment for schizophrenia?
A) Antipsychotic medications
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
D) Psychoanalysis
232. What is the main feature of histrionic personality disorder?
A) A pattern of excessive attention-seeking and emotionality
B) A need for perfection and control in all aspects of life
C) A pervasive distrust of others and a tendency to be suspicious
D) A tendency to violate the rights of others without remorse
233. A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may engage in:
A) Repeated hand-washing to reduce fears of contamination
B) Avoidance of all social situations due to fear of judgment
C) Recurrent episodes of binge-eating without purging
D) Excessive focus on orderliness and control in all aspects of life
234. A person with a history of recurrent and excessive worry that interferes with daily functioning may be diagnosed with:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
235. What is the main feature of schizoid personality disorder?
A) A pattern of intense emotional instability and fear of abandonment
B) A lack of interest in social relationships and limited emotional expression
C) A constant need for approval and admiration from others
D) A disregard for the rights of others and a tendency to engage in criminal behavior
236. A person who experiences sudden and intense feelings of fear, often with physical symptoms like rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing, may be suffering from:
A) Panic disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder
237. Which of the following is the main goal of treatment for anorexia nervosa?
A) To promote weight loss and dieting techniques
B) To address distorted body image and promote healthy eating behaviors
C) To expose the individual to feared food situations
D) To encourage a strict exercise regimen
238. A person with a preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance may be diagnosed with:
A) Body dysmorphic disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Social anxiety disorder
239. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A) Sudden and significant memory loss
B) Repeated episodes of binge eating and purging
C) Two or more distinct personality states or identities
D) A constant need to perform rituals to reduce anxiety
240. A person with avoidant personality disorder is most likely to:
A) Engage in excessive attention-seeking behavior
B) Fear rejection and avoid social interactions
C) Violate the rights of others with no remorse
D) Feel a sense of superiority and entitlement
241. Which of the following is the hallmark feature of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A) Compulsive rituals to alleviate anxiety
B) Perfectionism and a need for control
C) Difficulty making decisions due to extreme fear of failure
D) Avoidance of social interactions and emotional detachment
242. Which of the following is the most common co-occurring disorder with major depressive disorder?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Schizophrenia
D) Borderline personality disorder
243. What is the main goal of exposure therapy for treating phobias?
A) To eliminate the fear response through systematic desensitization
B) To prevent avoidance behavior by facing the feared situation gradually
C) To alter the patient’s cognitive distortions about the feared object
D) To increase relaxation and reduce overall anxiety
244. Which of the following symptoms is most associated with mania in bipolar disorder?
A) Excessive need for sleep
B) Elevated mood and increased energy
C) Decreased appetite and weight loss
D) Persistent feelings of hopelessness
245. The primary cause of dissociative identity disorder is believed to be:
A) Genetic predisposition to personality disorders
B) Childhood trauma or severe emotional distress
C) Chemical imbalances in the brain
D) Social learning from media and culture
246. A person who experiences excessive concern about gaining weight and restricts food intake may be diagnosed with:
A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
247. The primary treatment approach for borderline personality disorder often includes:
A) Long-term psychoanalysis
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
248. A person with agoraphobia is most likely to fear:
A) Being away from home in situations where escape might be difficult
B) Being in a crowd of people at social events
C) Seeing others in distress or pain
D) Repeating compulsive actions to relieve anxiety
249. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with schizophrenia?
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Disorganized thinking
D) Chronic feelings of sadness
250. A person with body dysmorphic disorder is most likely to:
A) Engage in compulsive hand-washing
B) Obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance
C) Avoid social situations due to excessive worry about performance
D) Experience extreme mood swings
251. Which of the following is a common feature of conduct disorder?
A) Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
B) Violating the rights of others through aggressive behaviors
C) Chronic feelings of sadness or hopelessness
D) Persistent avoidance of social interactions
252. In treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the most effective form of therapy is:
A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
C) Medication management alone
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy with relaxation techniques
253. Which of the following is a symptom of depersonalization/derealization disorder?
A) A constant fear of being judged by others
B) A persistent feeling of detachment from one’s own thoughts or body
C) A need for approval and admiration from others
D) Recurrent thoughts about contamination
254. A person who is excessively preoccupied with achieving perfection in all aspects of life may have:
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Panic disorder
255. The most common cause of suicide is:
A) Depression and mental illness
B) Physical illness and chronic pain
C) Financial stress
D) Rejection in romantic relationships
256. What is the characteristic symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Recurrent, distressing dreams and flashbacks related to a traumatic event
B) A pattern of extreme mood swings between depression and mania
C) An inability to form healthy relationships
D) Chronic fears and worries unrelated to specific events
257. Which of the following is the primary diagnostic feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A) Difficulty paying attention and staying focused
B) Excessive energy and impulsive behaviors
C) Persistent feelings of anxiety and worry
D) A pattern of extreme mood swings
258. A person who engages in self-injurious behavior, has a fear of abandonment, and experiences intense mood swings may be diagnosed with:
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Narcissistic personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder
259. Which of the following best describes the nature of hallucinations in schizophrenia?
A) Recurrent thoughts that are not based in reality
B) Sensory experiences that occur without external stimuli
C) A constant sense of detachment from one’s own body
D) A persistent fear of being judged or rejected
260. Which of the following is the primary feature of dependent personality disorder?
A) A need for approval and difficulty making decisions without advice
B) A tendency to dominate and control others
C) A lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others
D) Extreme emotional instability and difficulty maintaining relationships
261. Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of somatic symptom disorder?
A) Excessive concern about minor physical symptoms
B) A tendency to violate the rights of others without remorse
C) Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
D) Inability to form stable interpersonal relationships
262. A person with narcissistic personality disorder is most likely to:
A) Exhibit a deep sense of inferiority and low self-esteem
B) Seek admiration and validation from others while disregarding their feelings
C) Feel excessively insecure in social situations
D) Avoid social situations to prevent embarrassment
263. Which of the following is a common symptom of panic attacks?
A) A sudden increase in heart rate, sweating, and shortness of breath
B) Persistent thoughts about contamination or germs
C) Excessive preoccupation with weight and food intake
D) A fear of being in public places with large crowds
264. What is the main treatment approach for schizophrenia?
A) Medication, particularly antipsychotic drugs
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy to challenge delusions
C) Long-term psychoanalysis
D) Family therapy to address interpersonal conflicts
265. A person who experiences intense feelings of emptiness and difficulty maintaining relationships may be diagnosed with:
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder
266. The most likely cause of conversion disorder is:
A) A history of trauma or stress
B) Excessive worry about one’s health
C) Chronic sleep disturbances
D) Underlying neurological damage
267. A person who experiences significant weight loss and a fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight, may be diagnosed with:
A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
268. Which of the following is characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?
A) Extreme fatigue and lack of motivation
B) Excessive energy, grandiosity, and risky behavior
C) A constant fear of social judgment and rejection
D) A pattern of avoiding all social interactions
269. Which of the following best describes the behavior of someone with antisocial personality disorder?
A) A tendency to avoid social interactions and maintain emotional distance
B) A disregard for the rights of others, often accompanied by criminal behavior
C) A need for constant reassurance and fear of rejection
D) A preoccupation with achieving perfection and control
270. A person with generalized anxiety disorder is most likely to:
A) Avoid social situations due to extreme fear of judgment
B) Experience excessive worry about a variety of everyday concerns
C) Engage in repetitive behaviors or rituals
D) Experience delusions or hallucinations
271. Which of the following is a key symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Repeated avoidance of specific social situations
B) Reliving traumatic events through flashbacks or nightmares
C) Sudden and severe mood swings between mania and depression
D) Persistent compulsive behaviors to alleviate anxiety
272. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Grandiose sense of self-importance
B) A constant need for admiration and attention
C) A deep sense of empathy for others
D) A lack of empathy for others
273. In which disorder is the fear of being scrutinized or judged by others most prominent?
A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
274. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for phobias?
A) Medication alone
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure therapy
D) Hypnotherapy
275. What is the primary symptom of dissociative amnesia?
A) The inability to recall important personal information, often after a traumatic event
B) A constant preoccupation with one’s appearance
C) An overwhelming fear of being in public spaces
D) A belief in a false reality or delusions
276. The term “psychopathy” is most often associated with which disorder?
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
277. Which of the following is most commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression?
A) Benzodiazepines
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
D) Stimulants
278. A person who exhibits excessive fear and worry about a variety of events, even minor ones, may be diagnosed with:
A) Panic disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Social anxiety disorder
D) Phobias
279. Which of the following is a typical symptom of antisocial personality disorder?
A) Excessive concern for others’ feelings
B) A pattern of deceit, manipulation, and violation of others’ rights
C) A fear of abandonment and difficulty in maintaining relationships
D) An intense need for validation and admiration
280. What type of therapy is commonly used for treating individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Dialectical behavior therapy
B) Exposure and response prevention
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Humanistic therapy
281. Which of the following is a common feature of bulimia nervosa?
A) A persistent preoccupation with food and weight
B) Excessive weight loss due to restrictive eating
C) An inability to tolerate social situations
D) Compulsive hand-washing and cleaning rituals
282. A key feature of borderline personality disorder is:
A) Chronic feelings of emptiness and difficulty with self-identity
B) A desire for power and control over others
C) An inability to form stable interpersonal relationships
D) A constant need for reassurance and validation
283. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of schizophrenia?
A) Delusions
B) Hallucinations
C) Impaired executive functioning
D) Extreme mood swings
284. What is the hallmark symptom of somatic symptom disorder?
A) Extreme fear of gaining weight
B) Recurrent and distressing thoughts about a physical illness or condition
C) A belief that one has special abilities or powers
D) A persistent preoccupation with appearance
285. What is the most common treatment for bipolar disorder?
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) Lithium and other mood-stabilizing medications
C) Exposure therapy
D) Family therapy
286. Which of the following is a key characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A) Fear of criticism and rejection leading to avoidance of social interactions
B) A desire for power and control over others
C) A tendency to dominate relationships with excessive anger
D) A preoccupation with perfection and control
287. The primary treatment for schizophrenia often includes:
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) Antipsychotic medications
C) Exposure therapy
D) Psychoanalysis
288. Which of the following is a common behavior in individuals with bulimia nervosa?
A) Compulsive food restriction
B) Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as purging
C) Self-harm as a means of emotional regulation
D) Extreme fear of social interactions
289. What is a key characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
A) The presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities
B) A preoccupation with weight and food
C) The ability to recall traumatic events in vivid detail
D) A constant fear of contamination
290. A person diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is most likely to:
A) Display an intense fear of being judged by others
B) Focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility
C) Engage in repetitive hand-washing rituals
D) Have difficulty making decisions due to a fear of making mistakes
291. Which of the following is a key symptom of anorexia nervosa?
A) Recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food in a short time
B) Severe restriction of food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight
C) Excessive concern with cleanliness and order
D) Impulsive and risky behavior, especially in social settings
292. Which of the following disorders is characterized by an inability to recognize the seriousness of one’s symptoms, especially in conditions like psychosis?
A) Dependent personality disorder
B) Anosognosia
C) Avoidant personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder
293. Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder?
A) A pattern of persistent and excessive worry
B) A constant need for approval from others
C) A significant decrease in interest or pleasure in most activities
D) A preoccupation with weight and food
294. Which of the following is the primary cause of mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder?
A) Environmental stressors alone
B) Neurobiological factors and genetics
C) Chronic physical illness
D) External social pressures
295. What is the most likely cause of a panic attack?
A) A sudden and extreme reaction to stress or trauma
B) The ingestion of a substance such as alcohol or drugs
C) Over-exercising or physical exhaustion
D) A physical illness such as heart disease
296. The term “histrionic” in histrionic personality disorder refers to:
A) A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
B) A lack of emotional depth and difficulty in expressing feelings
C) An inability to tolerate stress or frustration
D) A preoccupation with physical appearance and vanity
297. Which of the following is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
A) Recurrent and intense feelings of anger
B) Constant worry and fear about a variety of issues
C) Extreme sensitivity to social judgment
D) Sudden, intense bursts of joy and euphoria
298. Which of the following treatments is most commonly used to address bipolar disorder?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Lithium and mood stabilizers
D) Behavioral therapy
299. A person with depersonalization/derealization disorder is likely to experience:
A) Feelings of detachment from their own body and surroundings
B) Extreme fears of social rejection and judgment
C) A preoccupation with cleanliness and rituals
D) Hallucinations of voices or images
300. Which of the following is the primary feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A lack of empathy and an inflated sense of self-importance
B) A fear of being judged or rejected by others
C) An inability to make decisions without advice from others
D) Chronic feelings of sadness and hopelessness
301. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of somatic symptom disorder?
A) Persistent thoughts about the possibility of having a serious illness despite lack of medical evidence
B) A desire to perform repetitive rituals to alleviate distress
C) A compulsive need for social validation and approval
D) An inability to form lasting relationships due to an intense fear of abandonment
302. Which of the following is a core feature of schizophrenia?
A) A fear of social interactions leading to isolation
B) Disorganized thoughts, speech, and behavior
C) Preoccupation with weight and body image
D) An overwhelming need to control others
303. Which of the following is a common treatment for panic disorder?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Exposure therapy combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) Anti-psychotic medications
D) Hypnotherapy
304. What is a major characteristic of people with borderline personality disorder?
A) Extreme difficulty in maintaining stable relationships
B) A tendency to feel superior to others
C) A constant need to be in control of situations
D) An intense fear of germs or contamination
305. Which of the following is a potential symptom of a manic episode in bipolar disorder?
A) Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness
B) Extreme energy and reduced need for sleep
C) Fear of social judgment or criticism
D) Excessive hand-washing or cleaning rituals
306. Which disorder is characterized by alternating periods of high energy and depression, without psychotic features?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
307. Which of the following is a key feature of agoraphobia?
A) A fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable
B) A fear of certain social situations and interactions
C) A compulsive need to check or control certain activities
D) A persistent fear of contracting a serious illness
308. A person with dissociative identity disorder is likely to experience:
A) A persistent belief that their body is not their own
B) Repeated episodes of involuntary memory loss of personal information
C) A tendency to engage in extreme eating behaviors
D) A pattern of reckless and impulsive behavior
309. Which of the following is a defining symptom of major depressive disorder?
A) Alternating periods of elation and sadness
B) Excessive hand-washing rituals
C) A profound sense of worthlessness or guilt
D) A constant fear of being observed or judged by others
310. Which of the following is the most common comorbid disorder with anorexia nervosa?
A) Depression
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder
311. A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is likely to experience:
A) Sudden and intense episodes of rage
B) Intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
C) Constant feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt
D) A preoccupation with one’s appearance and body image
312. What is the typical age of onset for schizophrenia?
A) Childhood
B) Adolescence to early adulthood
C) Late adulthood
D) Middle age
313. Which of the following is a hallmark of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Repeated episodes of intense anger and irritability
B) Recurrent and intrusive memories of a traumatic event
C) A preoccupation with one’s body image and appearance
D) Sudden and unexplained feelings of euphoria
314. Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality and a need for attention?
A) Narcissistic personality disorder
B) Histrionic personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder
315. Which of the following is the most common treatment for major depressive disorder?
A) Antidepressant medications and psychotherapy
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychotherapy
C) Mood stabilizers and anti-anxiety medications
D) Hypnotherapy and exposure therapy
316. Which of the following is true regarding narcissistic personality disorder?
A) Individuals often have low self-esteem and seek validation from others
B) Individuals exhibit a pattern of grandiosity and a lack of empathy for others
C) Individuals typically avoid situations that require social interaction
D) Individuals frequently feel deep fear of rejection and failure
317. Which of the following is most effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder?
A) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Medication only
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Exposure therapy
318. Which of the following is the key feature of somatic symptom disorder?
A) Compulsive behaviors like washing or checking
B) A preoccupation with having a serious illness despite medical evidence to the contrary
C) Extreme mood swings and impulsivity
D) A pattern of emotional instability and impulsive behavior
319. Which of the following is often a comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Phobias
B) Depression
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Antisocial personality disorder
320. What is the core feature of anorexia nervosa?
A) A preoccupation with food and weight
B) A compulsive desire to exercise
C) A constant need for social approval
D) A fear of contamination
321. Which of the following is a typical treatment for borderline personality disorder?
A) Medication alone
B) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
C) Family therapy
D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
322. Which of the following is most characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
A) A pattern of deceit, manipulation, and disregard for others’ rights
B) Intense fear of being judged or criticized by others
C) A deep need for social approval and validation
D) A tendency to avoid conflict and confrontation at all costs
323. Which disorder is marked by a consistent and excessive need to seek reassurance and approval from others?
A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Histrionic personality disorder
C) Dependent personality disorder
D) Narcissistic personality disorder
324. A person diagnosed with specific phobia is most likely to experience:
A) Intense and persistent fear of a specific object or situation
B) Sudden and intense mood swings between happiness and sadness
C) Intrusive thoughts that lead to compulsive behaviors
D) An overwhelming fear of social embarrassment and judgment
325. Which of the following is most common in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Flashbacks and nightmares related to the traumatic event
B) A preoccupation with food and weight
C) Repetitive and ritualistic behaviors
D) Excessive need for control and perfection
326. Which of the following is true about people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A) They tend to be perfectionistic and overly concerned with orderliness
B) They have little concern for following rules or schedules
C) They frequently experience intense mood swings
D) They tend to be impulsive and spontaneous
327. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of hypomania?
A) A decreased need for sleep and high energy
B) A constant feeling of hopelessness and sadness
C) A persistent fear of social judgment
D) An inability to recall specific memories from the past
328. Which of the following is a common symptom of avoidant personality disorder?
A) A tendency to manipulate others for personal gain
B) A fear of being criticized and an unwillingness to take risks
C) A need to dominate relationships through excessive control
D) A preoccupation with perfection and orderliness
329. What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
A) Addressing the underlying causes of mental illness through deep introspection
B) Changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve emotional regulation
C) Providing medication to balance brain chemistry
D) Engaging in exposure therapy to overcome fears
330. A person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to:
A) Feel excessive guilt and shame for their actions
B) Frequently violate others’ rights without remorse or empathy
C) Exhibit an extreme fear of social rejection
D) Be excessively concerned with cleanliness and orderliness
331. Which of the following is a key feature of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
A) Frequent manic episodes
B) Chronic low mood lasting for at least two years
C) Periods of major depressive episodes followed by normal mood
D) Recurrent episodes of extreme elation and irritability
332. Which of the following is a common characteristic of someone with antisocial personality disorder?
A) Fear of abandonment and difficulty with interpersonal relationships
B) A consistent disregard for the rights and feelings of others
C) Extreme preoccupation with cleanliness and orderliness
D) A constant need for attention and approval from others
333. Which disorder is characterized by the presence of multiple distinct identities or personality states?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
334. Which of the following is most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?
A) Antidepressants
B) Mood stabilizers such as lithium
C) Antipsychotic medications
D) Benzodiazepines
335. Which of the following is a common symptom of panic disorder?
A) Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness
B) Frequent episodes of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms
C) Repetitive and ritualistic behaviors
D) Extreme difficulty in concentrating on tasks
336. What is the key feature of dissociative amnesia?
A) An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually following a traumatic event
B) Persistent hallucinations or delusions
C) Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety
D) Periods of intense sadness and feelings of worthlessness
337. What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression?
A) To explore unconscious thoughts and feelings
B) To change negative thought patterns and dysfunctional behaviors
C) To confront and resolve past traumatic events
D) To reframe experiences with positive affirmations
338. Which of the following is a hallmark feature of generalized anxiety disorder?
A) Excessive worry about a variety of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least six months
B) Persistent intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
C) Extreme mood swings between periods of elation and sadness
D) Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult
339. Which of the following is a common feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Intrusive memories or flashbacks of a traumatic event
B) A preoccupation with body image and weight
C) Difficulty concentrating on tasks due to lack of motivation
D) A constant need for reassurance and validation from others
340. What is a key characteristic of avoidant personality disorder?
A) An inability to form close personal relationships due to a fear of rejection
B) A tendency to exploit others for personal gain
C) An intense need for order and perfection in all areas of life
D) A persistent desire to dominate or control others
341. Which of the following is a defining feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
A) A strong desire to be the center of attention and admiration
B) A deep fear of abandonment and rejection
C) Extreme guilt and remorse for harmful actions
D) An inability to form deep emotional connections with others
342. Which of the following is typically used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A) Antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
B) Anti-psychotic medications
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Stimulants
343. A person with social anxiety disorder typically experiences:
A) Intense fear of judgment or humiliation in social situations
B) A tendency to engage in risky and reckless behaviors
C) A preoccupation with food and weight
D) Sudden and extreme mood changes between elation and sadness
344. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia?
A) Persistent low mood and lack of energy
B) Delusions and hallucinations
C) An overwhelming need for social approval and validation
D) Compulsive behaviors and rituals
345. Which of the following is a common feature of conduct disorder?
A) Extreme shyness and fear of social situations
B) A persistent pattern of violating others’ rights, including aggression and deceitfulness
C) An overwhelming need to clean and organize
D) Excessive preoccupation with appearance and body image
346. Which of the following is a hallmark of bulimia nervosa?
A) Consuming large amounts of food followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise
B) A refusal to eat in order to lose weight
C) Extreme mood swings from elation to depression
D) A compulsive need to exercise or engage in physical activity
347. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of major depressive disorder?
A) A persistent pattern of mania or hypomania
B) Severe and chronic feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest
C) A compulsive need to engage in rituals to reduce anxiety
D) A pattern of excessive energy and impulsivity
348. Which of the following is a core feature of somatic symptom disorder?
A) The presence of physical symptoms that are not explained by medical conditions
B) A preoccupation with social approval and acceptance
C) An inability to recall important personal information
D) A tendency to engage in excessive behaviors to control others
349. Which of the following is most characteristic of psychotic disorders?
A) Intense fear of being judged or criticized
B) Disconnection from reality, including delusions and hallucinations
C) A persistent need for control over all aspects of life
D) Extreme concern with cleanliness and orderliness
350. Which of the following is true about individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A) They tend to be perfectionistic, overly focused on rules, and resistant to change
B) They frequently experience intense mood swings
C) They exhibit impulsive and reckless behavior
D) They struggle with social situations due to a fear of judgment
351. Which of the following is most effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure techniques
C) Hypnotherapy
D) Medication alone
352. Which disorder is characterized by a fear of leaving the house or being in situations where escape might be difficult?
A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Specific phobia
353. Which of the following is a symptom of binge-eating disorder?
A) Excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
B) Consuming large amounts of food without purging
C) A fear of being judged or criticized by others
D) Engaging in extreme dieting and food restriction
354. Which of the following best describes the symptoms of major depressive disorder?
A) Episodes of elation followed by severe depression
B) A pattern of manic behavior and impulsivity
C) Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest or pleasure in activities
D) Chronic anxiety and excessive worry about everyday events
355. Which disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings between depression and hypomania or mania?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Schizophrenia