Theories and Models of Counseling Practice Exam Quiz

Theories and Models of Counseling Practice Exam Quiz

 

Which of the following is a key focus of psychoanalytic theory?

A) Self-actualization
B) Unconscious drives and early childhood experiences
C) Rational decision-making
D) Group dynamics

 

According to Adlerian therapy, the root cause of neurosis is:

A) Repressed memories
B) Inferiority feelings and striving for superiority
C) Cognitive distortions
D) Lack of personal choice

 

In existential psychotherapy, the focus is on:

A) Overcoming past trauma
B) Finding meaning in life and personal freedom
C) Analyzing unconscious desires
D) Modifying maladaptive behaviors

 

Behavioral therapy is primarily concerned with:

A) Exploring unconscious conflicts
B) Changing maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement and punishment
C) Understanding human existence
D) Exploring early childhood experiences

 

The core concept of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is:

A) Challenging irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions
B) Exploring the unconscious mind
C) Enhancing self-awareness and insight
D) Building self-esteem through social reinforcement

 

Person-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes:

A) Understanding the client’s unconscious desires
B) The therapist’s role as an authority figure
C) The importance of an empathetic, nonjudgmental relationship
D) Changing specific behaviors through conditioning

 

Reality therapy/choice theory focuses on:

A) The unconscious mind
B) Building a healthy therapeutic relationship
C) Understanding the influence of childhood trauma
D) Making more effective choices to fulfill basic needs

 

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) focuses on:

A) Challenging irrational beliefs and promoting rational thinking
B) Providing unconditional positive regard
C) Exploring personal freedom and responsibility
D) Examining unconscious drives

 

Which of the following is NOT a key element of psychoanalytic theory?

A) Free association
B) Dream analysis
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Transference

 

Adlerian therapy emphasizes the importance of:

A) Fixation at a particular psychosexual stage
B) Achieving personal insight into unconscious conflicts
C) Encouraging a sense of belonging and social interest
D) Modifying irrational beliefs

 

In existential psychotherapy, the concept of “existential guilt” refers to:

A) The guilt experienced for not fulfilling personal potential
B) The guilt of failing to meet societal expectations
C) The guilt of repressing past trauma
D) The guilt experienced during the grieving process

 

According to behavioral theory, maladaptive behavior is:

A) A result of unconscious drives
B) A learned response to external stimuli
C) Rooted in early childhood conflicts
D) A result of unmet basic needs

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive distortions are:

A) Unconscious patterns of thinking that lead to irrational beliefs
B) Behaviors that are reinforced over time
C) Natural emotional responses to environmental stimuli
D) The result of unresolved childhood trauma

 

The primary focus of person-centered therapy is:

A) To interpret the client’s dreams and fantasies
B) To provide insight into the client’s unconscious mind
C) To provide a safe and empathetic environment for personal growth
D) To challenge irrational thoughts

 

In reality therapy, basic needs that must be fulfilled include:

A) Food, water, and shelter
B) Power, love, and freedom
C) Unconscious desires
D) Safety and security

 

A key concept in REBT is:

A) The importance of early childhood experiences
B) The exploration of the unconscious mind
C) The focus on irrational beliefs and self-talk
D) The process of exploring existential fears

 

Which therapeutic technique is commonly used in psychoanalysis?

A) Thought stopping
B) Exposure therapy
C) Free association
D) Cognitive restructuring

 

Adlerian therapy stresses the importance of:

A) Self-actualization
B) Understanding the individual’s lifestyle
C) Childhood trauma
D) Building cognitive skills

 

In existential therapy, the term “authenticity” refers to:

A) Expressing oneself honestly in all situations
B) The avoidance of existential anxiety
C) Conforming to societal expectations
D) Living in accordance with one’s true self and values

 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly effective in treating:

A) Phobias
B) Delusions and hallucinations
C) Psychotic disorders
D) Early childhood trauma

 

A common technique used in behavioral therapy is:

A) Free association
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Dream analysis
D) Reframing

 

According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions essential for therapeutic change are:

A) Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence
B) Active listening, emotional catharsis, and self-discovery
C) Transference, countertransference, and insight
D) Reinforcement, punishment, and extinction

 

According to choice theory, all behavior is:

A) Driven by unconscious desires
B) A result of internal conflict
C) The result of fulfilling basic needs
D) A response to external stimuli

 

REBT encourages clients to:

A) Accept that their negative emotions are caused by external events
B) Understand that their emotions are influenced by their beliefs
C) Focus on the analysis of past traumas
D) Repress irrational beliefs for emotional stability

 

Existential therapy’s primary goal is to:

A) Address maladaptive behaviors
B) Help individuals confront the challenges of existence
C) Explore early childhood conflicts
D) Focus on irrational beliefs and thought patterns

 

Which of the following is a basic premise of Adlerian theory?

A) Behavior is determined by unconscious impulses
B) Individuals can create their own reality
C) Behavior is shaped by social and environmental influences
D) Early childhood trauma is the primary cause of adult issues

 

The focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy is:

A) To interpret dreams and free associations
B) To challenge cognitive distortions and change behavior
C) To help individuals achieve self-actualization
D) To explore unresolved emotional conflicts from childhood

 

Which of the following is central to person-centered therapy?

A) Active confrontation of negative emotions
B) The therapist’s objective analysis of the client’s thoughts
C) Providing a non-judgmental and accepting environment
D) The use of behavior modification techniques

 

In choice theory, “total behavior” consists of:

A) The therapist’s emotions and reactions
B) Actions, thoughts, feelings, and physiology
C) Reinforcements and punishments
D) Unconscious motivations and conflicts

 

In REBT, irrational beliefs are:

A) Learned and can be unlearned through rational thinking
B) Considered innate and cannot be changed
C) Caused by unresolved conflicts in childhood
D) Transferred from one generation to the next

 

 

In psychoanalytic theory, the “id” is:

A) The rational part of the psyche
B) The moral component of personality
C) The instinctual and unconscious part of the psyche
D) The conscious awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings

 

According to Adler, the concept of “life tasks” includes:

A) Achieving financial success
B) Dealing with relationships, work, and self-development
C) Confronting existential anxiety
D) Overcoming childhood trauma

 

Existential therapists believe that anxiety arises from:

A) Repressed memories
B) A lack of self-control
C) Confronting life’s inherent uncertainties
D) Cognitive distortions

 

Behavioral therapy uses which of the following methods for change?

A) Hypnosis
B) Classical and operant conditioning
C) Dream interpretation
D) Free association

 

The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is to:

A) Change irrational thoughts and beliefs
B) Access repressed memories
C) Understand the client’s unconscious mind
D) Achieve emotional catharsis

 

In person-centered therapy, the term “congruence” refers to:

A) The therapist’s consistency in following a set of rules
B) The alignment between the therapist’s and the client’s experiences
C) The client’s ability to act in a socially acceptable manner
D) The relationship between the client’s cognitive and emotional states

 

According to choice theory, which of the following is NOT a basic human need?

A) Love and belonging
B) Power and achievement
C) Financial stability
D) Freedom and autonomy

 

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) teaches clients to:

A) Repress negative emotions to prevent emotional distress
B) Recognize and dispute their irrational beliefs
C) Focus solely on behavior modification techniques
D) Seek unconscious material through free association

 

In Adlerian therapy, “social interest” is:

A) A form of social conformity
B) A sense of community and contribution to society
C) The ability to suppress negative emotions
D) The need for independence from others

 

A key concept in existential therapy is the notion of:

A) Self-actualization
B) Personal responsibility and freedom
C) Oedipal conflicts
D) Behavior modification

 

Behavioral therapy is most effective for:

A) Resolving unconscious conflicts
B) Treating phobias and other anxiety disorders
C) Exploring existential fears
D) Understanding the deeper meaning of a client’s behavior

 

According to Carl Rogers, “unconditional positive regard” means:

A) Accepting the client without judgment
B) Giving the client advice on how to live their life
C) Challenging the client’s thought patterns
D) Setting strict boundaries to maintain control of the therapeutic relationship

 

In choice theory, “quality world” refers to:

A) The ideal vision of how things should be
B) The negative experiences that the client needs to overcome
C) The basic needs that all humans share
D) The therapeutic setting where change happens

 

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) uses which of the following techniques?

A) Exposure therapy
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Free association
D) Hypnosis

 

In person-centered therapy, “self-actualization” is defined as:

A) The realization of one’s fullest potential
B) The ability to conform to societal expectations
C) The suppression of unwanted emotions
D) Developing strategies to control negative behaviors

 

According to Adler, “fictional finalism” is:

A) A psychological defense mechanism
B) The individual’s subjective perception of an ideal future
C) A form of early childhood trauma
D) A technique used in dream analysis

 

Existential therapy views anxiety as:

A) A disorder to be treated
B) A natural and unavoidable part of human existence
C) A symptom of repression
D) A result of childhood trauma

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, the term “automatic thoughts” refers to:

A) Thoughts that occur only during sleep
B) Thoughts that arise spontaneously and influence emotions and behaviors
C) Thoughts that are always irrational
D) Thoughts that occur during therapy sessions

 

According to Carl Rogers, “empathy” in therapy means:

A) Understanding the client’s feelings from the therapist’s perspective
B) Offering direct solutions to the client’s problems
C) Minimizing the client’s emotions to make them feel more comfortable
D) Using cognitive-behavioral techniques to change the client’s behavior

 

The Adlerian concept of “inferiority complex” refers to:

A) A belief that one is superior to others
B) A constant feeling of inadequacy and the drive to compensate for it
C) The unconscious desire to return to an earlier developmental stage
D) A lack of self-awareness and self-esteem

 

In behavioral therapy, reinforcement is used to:

A) Strengthen a desired behavior
B) Understand unconscious thoughts
C) Identify irrational thoughts
D) Reduce emotional expression

 

According to REBT, irrational beliefs typically involve:

A) The desire for absolute approval from others
B) The belief that one can control everything
C) Beliefs that are flexible and can change easily
D) The view that everything is outside of one’s control

 

In existential therapy, “being-in-the-world” refers to:

A) The client’s attachment to childhood memories
B) The way individuals experience and relate to the world around them
C) The emotional response to existential anxiety
D) The suppression of past traumatic memories

 

Person-centered therapy focuses on:

A) Modifying a client’s thoughts and behaviors through techniques
B) Providing insight into unconscious conflicts
C) Facilitating self-discovery in an accepting environment
D) Analyzing dream content for hidden meanings

 

Adler believed that individuals with an “inferiority complex” typically:

A) Feel superior to others
B) Feel inadequate and attempt to compensate
C) Have a high sense of self-worth
D) Are uninterested in social relationships

 

The therapeutic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is:

A) To access repressed memories and emotions
B) To modify irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns
C) To understand the significance of dreams and symbols
D) To achieve deep emotional release

 

According to choice theory, human behavior is motivated by:

A) Repressed memories
B) Unconscious desires
C) The need to fulfill basic needs like love and power
D) The need to analyze past trauma

 

REBT encourages clients to:

A) Focus on changing their behaviors first
B) Challenge their irrational and self-defeating beliefs
C) Understand their unconscious drives
D) Repress their negative emotions

 

In Adlerian therapy, “striving for superiority” refers to:

A) A desire to dominate others
B) A healthy drive to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth
C) The need to repress feelings of inferiority
D) The process of becoming self-centered

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, the goal of “cognitive restructuring” is to:

A) Change irrational thought patterns that lead to negative emotions
B) Analyze the unconscious content of dreams
C) Create a therapeutic environment of unconditional positive regard
D) Revisit past traumatic memories for emotional release

 

 

In psychoanalysis, the process of “transference” refers to:

A) The therapist’s feelings towards the client
B) The client’s feelings projected onto the therapist based on past relationships
C) The client’s ability to empathize with the therapist
D) The process of the therapist interpreting the client’s dreams

 

In Adlerian therapy, “style of life” refers to:

A) The therapeutic relationship
B) The client’s patterns of coping and striving towards goals
C) A stage of personal development
D) The client’s social interests

 

Existential therapy emphasizes which of the following concepts?

A) The unconscious mind
B) Free will, choice, and personal responsibility
C) Classical conditioning
D) Behavioral reinforcement

 

In behavioral therapy, which of the following is a form of positive reinforcement?

A) Punishing undesirable behaviors
B) Ignoring undesirable behaviors
C) Providing a reward for desirable behaviors
D) Confronting irrational beliefs

 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) views emotional disorders as the result of:

A) Childhood trauma
B) Dysfunctional thinking patterns
C) Repressed feelings
D) Lack of self-awareness

 

In person-centered therapy, the therapist’s role is to:

A) Provide direct advice to the client
B) Create an accepting environment that facilitates self-discovery
C) Focus on uncovering unconscious desires
D) Modify the client’s behavior through reinforcement

 

According to choice theory, which of the following is NOT one of the basic human needs?

A) Survival
B) Power
C) Affection
D) Money

 

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was founded by:

A) Carl Rogers
B) Albert Ellis
C) Sigmund Freud
D) B.F. Skinner

 

The “collective unconscious” is a concept proposed by:

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Alfred Adler
D) Carl Jung

 

In Adlerian therapy, a person’s “family constellation” refers to:

A) The emotional climate within the family
B) The roles and relationships among family members
C) A client’s memories of childhood
D) The family’s socioeconomic status

 

Existential therapists believe that people are motivated primarily by:

A) The need to reduce anxiety
B) The desire to explore unconscious conflicts
C) The pursuit of meaning and purpose in life
D) The drive for personal power

 

According to behavioral therapy, which of the following is a technique for behavior modification?

A) Free association
B) Desensitization
C) Dream analysis
D) Interpretation of transference

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), “cognitive distortions” are:

A) Healthy, adaptive thinking patterns
B) Patterns of irrational and negative thinking
C) Thoughts that are unrelated to behavior
D) The conscious thoughts that clients share in therapy

 

In person-centered therapy, the “real self” refers to:

A) The person’s idealized self-image
B) The version of the self that is suppressed due to societal expectations
C) The authentic, true self that is open to growth
D) The client’s self-concept influenced by past experiences

 

According to choice theory, human behavior is driven by:

A) The need for external approval
B) The internal desire to meet basic needs
C) The search for childhood memories
D) The unconscious drives of the id

 

In REBT, the ABCDE model is used to:

A) Diagnose the client’s personality
B) Understand the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and behaviors
C) Analyze the unconscious content of dreams
D) Identify the client’s past traumas

 

Adlerian therapy places a strong emphasis on:

A) The importance of early childhood memories
B) The individual’s role in creating meaning in their life
C) The unconscious conflicts from the past
D) The environment’s role in shaping behavior

 

In existential therapy, “authenticity” refers to:

A) The ability to repress negative feelings
B) Living in accordance with one’s true self, free from societal pressures
C) The process of transference between client and therapist
D) Conforming to social expectations for behavior

 

In behavioral therapy, “extinction” refers to:

A) The process of eliminating positive reinforcement
B) The gradual disappearance of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced
C) The exposure to fear-provoking stimuli
D) The identification of irrational thoughts

 

According to Carl Rogers, “conditions of worth” are:

A) Unconditional acceptance and love from others
B) Conditions under which an individual is valued by others
C) The natural tendencies of the unconscious mind
D) A set of guidelines for ethical behavior in therapy

 

In choice theory, “external control psychology” refers to:

A) A healthy way of managing relationships
B) The belief that people can control others to fulfill their needs
C) The need for external validation in decision-making
D) The desire to achieve social approval

 

According to Adler, “compensation” is:

A) Repressing unwanted feelings to cope with inferiority
B) An individual’s efforts to overcome perceived weaknesses
C) The ability to accept one’s flaws and imperfections
D) A reaction to an overwhelming traumatic experience

 

Existential therapists believe that meaning in life is:

A) Something that must be inherited from one’s family
B) A result of overcoming past trauma
C) Created through personal choices and experiences
D) Given by society or religion

 

In person-centered therapy, “conditions of worth” are:

A) The therapist’s expectations for the client’s growth
B) The client’s need for emotional release
C) The conditions imposed by others that affect self-acceptance
D) The client’s desire to understand their unconscious desires

 

REBT emphasizes the importance of:

A) Focusing on childhood memories
B) Changing irrational beliefs and thoughts that cause emotional distress
C) Analyzing dream symbolism
D) Encouraging emotional catharsis

 

In Adlerian therapy, the “life goal” refers to:

A) A person’s overall life purpose that drives all behavior
B) A specific, measurable target that can be achieved in therapy
C) The underlying motives that are identified through dream analysis
D) A goal related to financial success

 

According to Carl Rogers, the concept of “unconditional positive regard” involves:

A) Providing advice and solutions for the client’s problems
B) Accepting and valuing the client as they are, without judgment
C) Challenging the client’s irrational thoughts
D) Helping the client change behavior through reinforcement

 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps clients by:

A) Providing insight into unconscious fears
B) Analyzing the meaning of dreams
C) Identifying and changing irrational and negative thought patterns
D) Focusing on the social aspect of relationships

 

In existential therapy, “the search for meaning” is primarily about:

A) Discovering unconscious drives
B) Understanding past trauma
C) Accepting life’s inevitable struggles and finding personal significance in them
D) Replacing irrational beliefs with logical thoughts

 

In behavioral therapy, “operant conditioning” involves:

A) Learning through observation
B) Reinforcing desired behaviors through rewards or punishments
C) Free association to uncover repressed memories
D) The therapist interpreting unconscious conflicts

 

 

In Adlerian therapy, “inferiority complex” refers to:

A) A person’s belief in their superiority over others
B) A feeling of inadequacy that drives compensatory behavior
C) A form of obsessive thinking about past events
D) An inability to form meaningful relationships

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, which of the following is a technique used to help clients challenge irrational beliefs?

A) Dream analysis
B) Thought-stopping
C) Transference analysis
D) Free association

 

Existential therapy emphasizes which of the following as a key aspect of the human condition?

A) The search for power and dominance
B) The awareness of one’s own mortality
C) The repression of traumatic memories
D) The need for external validation

 

The “pleasure principle” in psychoanalysis refers to:

A) The instinctual drive for personal power
B) The need for social acceptance
C) The desire to seek immediate gratification and avoid discomfort
D) The drive for self-actualization

 

Person-centered therapy emphasizes the importance of which of the following for therapeutic success?

A) The therapist’s interpretation of unconscious material
B) The therapist’s unconditional positive regard for the client
C) The exploration of repressed childhood memories
D) The use of reinforcement to change behaviors

 

According to choice theory, people are motivated by:

A) A desire to avoid punishment
B) The need to fulfill basic psychological needs
C) The drive for self-actualization
D) The need to gain societal approval

 

In Adlerian therapy, “social interest” refers to:

A) The individual’s ability to interact with others in a healthy way
B) The individual’s ability to achieve financial success
C) A person’s intellectual curiosity
D) The tendency to focus on personal achievement

 

Which of the following is a focus of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

A) Reducing the influence of past experiences
B) Identifying and changing irrational beliefs
C) Helping the client form meaningful relationships
D) Repressing negative emotions

 

According to Carl Jung, “archetypes” refer to:

A) Deeply unconscious, universal patterns or symbols shared across humanity
B) Repressed memories from childhood
C) The therapist’s role in analyzing unconscious material
D) Negative emotions that affect the client’s worldview

 

In behavioral therapy, “token economies” are:

A) A form of classical conditioning
B) A method of using tangible rewards to reinforce desired behaviors
C) A way of analyzing unconscious motives
D) The process of understanding irrational beliefs

 

According to Freud, the “ego” operates on which principle?

A) Reality principle
B) Pleasure principle
C) Morality principle
D) Superiority principle

 

In existential therapy, the focus is primarily on:

A) Early childhood experiences
B) Free association and dream analysis
C) The present moment and finding meaning in life
D) Behavioral change through reinforcement

 

In Adlerian therapy, “fictional finalism” refers to:

A) The ultimate goal that an individual strives to achieve, regardless of its realism
B) The unconscious memories that shape one’s behavior
C) The unrealistic expectations others place on the individual
D) The process of overcoming feelings of inferiority

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the focus is on:

A) The client’s unconscious desires
B) Changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors
C) Exploring early childhood trauma
D) Releasing repressed emotions

 

In person-centered therapy, “empathy” refers to:

A) Understanding the client’s feelings and experiences without judgment
B) The therapist’s interpretation of the client’s behavior
C) A behavioral technique used to shape the client’s actions
D) The therapist’s unconditional love for the client

 

According to REBT, a key step in overcoming emotional distress is:

A) Accepting and embracing irrational beliefs
B) Identifying the irrational beliefs that lead to emotional disturbances
C) Focusing on unconscious drives
D) Engaging in free association

 

Which of the following is a key concept in existential therapy?

A) Free will and personal responsibility
B) Behavioral conditioning
C) Cognitive distortions
D) Transference

 

In Adlerian therapy, the “birth order” theory suggests that:

A) An individual’s position in the family can influence their personality development
B) The youngest child is always the most successful
C) First-born children are destined for failure
D) Children’s personality is determined solely by their environment

 

According to choice theory, people make choices based on:

A) The need to avoid punishment
B) Their drive for dominance
C) The attempt to fulfill basic psychological needs
D) Their unconscious desires

 

According to Carl Rogers, “congruence” in the therapeutic relationship refers to:

A) The therapist’s ability to remain objective and detached
B) The therapist being authentic and transparent with the client
C) The therapist’s skill in interpreting unconscious material
D) The client’s ability to accept themselves unconditionally

 

Behavioral therapy utilizes which of the following techniques?

A) Free association
B) Classical conditioning
C) Analysis of childhood trauma
D) Dream interpretation

 

In existential therapy, the concept of “dread” or “anxiety” is seen as:

A) A symptom of past trauma
B) A normal and inevitable part of the human experience
C) A result of negative thought patterns
D) A repressed emotion from childhood

 

Which of the following techniques is most associated with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

A) Interpretation of dreams
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Family constellation analysis
D) Transference interpretation

 

In psychoanalytic therapy, the “id” is responsible for:

A) Mediating between the demands of the ego and superego
B) Rational thinking and decision making
C) Instinctual desires and the pleasure principle
D) Moral standards and self-regulation

 

According to Carl Jung, the “shadow” refers to:

A) The idealized self-image we project to others
B) The repressed, unconscious aspects of the self
C) The conscious ego and personal identity
D) The search for meaning in life

 

In behavioral therapy, “systematic desensitization” is a technique used to treat:

A) Childhood trauma
B) Phobias and anxiety
C) Unconscious desires
D) Cognitive distortions

 

Person-centered therapy is often associated with which of the following goals?

A) Reconstructing childhood memories
B) Helping clients develop self-acceptance and self-awareness
C) Analyzing dream symbols
D) Changing dysfunctional behavior patterns

 

According to Adlerian therapy, the concept of “lifestyle” is best described as:

A) The way a person responds to external events
B) The set of choices a person makes based on early life experiences
C) A pattern of behaviors shaped by external rewards
D) The unconscious desires that drive behavior

 

According to existential therapists, human beings are characterized by:

A) The desire to reduce anxiety at all costs
B) The need for self-control
C) The search for meaning and the inevitability of death
D) The ability to repress negative emotions

 

In REBT, the “D” in the ABCDE model stands for:

A) Denial
B) Disputation of irrational beliefs
C) Discovery of unconscious thoughts
D) Development of coping strategies

 

 

According to Adler, the “striving for superiority” is a key motivational force in:

A) The development of a person’s id
B) The process of self-actualization
C) The person’s attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority
D) The exploration of unconscious desires

 

In existential therapy, which of the following is the primary focus of therapy?

A) The client’s ability to change maladaptive behaviors
B) Understanding the client’s unconscious drives
C) The client’s search for meaning in their life
D) Understanding and reinforcing social norms

 

In person-centered therapy, “unconditional positive regard” refers to:

A) A nonjudgmental and accepting attitude from the therapist toward the client
B) The therapist’s constant feedback on the client’s progress
C) The therapist’s willingness to confront the client’s defense mechanisms
D) A directive and structured approach to therapy

 

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the therapist works with the client to:

A) Uncover repressed memories
B) Challenge distorted thoughts and beliefs
C) Facilitate the expression of emotions
D) Focus on transference dynamics

 

In psychoanalytic theory, the “superego” is responsible for:

A) Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
B) Mediating between the id and the ego
C) Representing moral standards and ideals
D) Organizing and controlling the client’s behavior

 

In Adlerian therapy, “early recollections” are used to:

A) Discover unconscious desires
B) Gain insight into a person’s life goals and lifestyle
C) Reconstruct repressed memories from childhood
D) Analyze current irrational beliefs

 

According to Carl Rogers, “self-actualization” is best described as:

A) The process of developing one’s true potential
B) The repression of undesirable emotions
C) The alignment of ego and superego
D) The resolution of early childhood conflicts

 

In reality therapy/choice theory, the concept of “quality world” refers to:

A) The idealized version of the self
B) A mental image of the things or people that satisfy our needs
C) The unconscious patterns that influence behavior
D) The therapeutic relationship

 

In behavioral therapy, “operant conditioning” is used to:

A) Teach new behaviors through rewards and punishment
B) Uncover hidden thoughts and feelings
C) Explore childhood trauma
D) Change the person’s perception of past events

 

According to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), automatic thoughts:

A) Are conscious reflections of a person’s deeper desires
B) Are irrational, spontaneous thoughts that often lead to negative emotions
C) Are based on the person’s unconscious mind
D) Are meaningless and should be ignored

 

According to Freud, the “Oedipus complex” is most relevant to:

A) Early feelings of sibling rivalry
B) The conflict between the id and the superego
C) The child’s unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent
D) The development of social interest

 

According to Adlerian therapy, which of the following is a key factor in personality development?

A) The presence of repressed memories
B) The drive to fulfill societal norms
C) The early life experiences and family dynamics
D) The presence of unresolved childhood conflicts

 

In person-centered therapy, the therapeutic relationship is most important because:

A) It provides the structure for changing maladaptive behaviors
B) It offers a safe and accepting environment for the client to explore their emotions
C) It enables the therapist to uncover unconscious material
D) It challenges the client’s distorted thinking

 

In behavioral therapy, “modeling” refers to:

A) The therapist demonstrating appropriate behavior for the client to imitate
B) The use of rewards and punishments to modify behavior
C) The therapist analyzing the client’s unconscious mind
D) The use of thought-stopping techniques

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which of the following is an example of cognitive restructuring?

A) Helping the client reframe negative thoughts about themselves
B) Encouraging the client to confront their childhood trauma
C) Using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety
D) Analyzing the client’s dream symbols

 

In existential therapy, “authenticity” refers to:

A) The ability to repress negative emotions
B) The alignment of a person’s actions with their true self and values
C) The ability to focus on past trauma
D) The suppression of existential anxiety

 

In Adlerian therapy, “teleology” refers to:

A) The role of unconscious drives in behavior
B) The idea that behavior is purposeful and goal-directed
C) The process of repressing traumatic memories
D) The influence of past experiences on future behavior

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which of the following is a key technique for helping clients manage anxiety?

A) Free association
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Dream interpretation
D) Transference analysis

 

The “therapeutic alliance” is crucial in all counseling theories because it:

A) Provides a space for the therapist to challenge the client’s cognitive distortions
B) Helps the client explore unconscious material
C) Creates a trusting, collaborative relationship that facilitates change
D) Enables the therapist to implement behavior modification techniques

 

In existential therapy, which of the following is a central therapeutic goal?

A) Identifying and changing irrational beliefs
B) Helping clients find meaning and purpose in life
C) Reconstructing childhood memories
D) Reinforcing adaptive behaviors through rewards

 

In Adlerian therapy, which of the following is seen as a key aspect of mental health?

A) The ability to avoid painful emotions
B) The willingness to suppress desires
C) The ability to contribute to society and be socially interested
D) The acceptance of irrational thoughts and beliefs

 

In reality therapy/choice theory, the primary cause of psychological problems is:

A) The repression of childhood trauma
B) The individual’s failure to satisfy their basic psychological needs
C) Unresolved conflict between the id and the superego
D) The presence of unconscious desires

 

In psychoanalytic theory, “defense mechanisms” are:

A) Conscious efforts to change behavior
B) Unconscious strategies to protect the individual from anxiety
C) The ways in which the ego mediates between the id and the superego
D) Techniques used by the therapist to uncover repressed material

 

In person-centered therapy, “congruence” refers to:

A) The therapist’s authenticity and transparency in the therapeutic relationship
B) The client’s ability to explore unconscious material
C) The alignment of the client’s behavior with societal norms
D) The process of reinterpreting childhood memories

 

In behavioral therapy, “classical conditioning” is used to:

A) Reinforce positive behavior through rewards
B) Condition an automatic response to a new stimulus
C) Explore the client’s unconscious thoughts
D) Change a person’s distorted cognitive beliefs

 

In existential therapy, “existential guilt” refers to:

A) A feeling of guilt resulting from repressed memories
B) A sense of responsibility for not living authentically or making meaningful choices
C) The guilt related to past life experiences
D) The guilt from breaking societal norms

 

According to Adler, the concept of “lifestyle” is:

A) A pattern of behaviors formed early in life to achieve goals
B) A reflection of a person’s unconscious desires
C) A consequence of social conditioning and reinforcement
D) A way to hide from existential anxiety

 

According to Freud, the “latent stage” of psychosexual development occurs during:

A) Early childhood, focusing on oral and anal stages
B) Adolescence, when sexual desires first emerge
C) The period between the ages of 6 and puberty, with no major psychosexual development
D) The time when the Oedipus complex is resolved

 

In reality therapy, “total behavior” refers to:

A) The unconscious impulses that drive a person’s behavior
B) A person’s thoughts, actions, feelings, and physiological responses
C) The way in which a person organizes their life goals
D) The behaviors that are reinforced by society

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which of the following would be considered a cognitive distortion?

A) The tendency to focus on the positive aspects of life
B) The habit of blaming oneself for all negative events
C) The ability to recognize and label emotions
D) The use of positive reinforcement to change behavior

 

 

According to Adler, “social interest” refers to:

A) The need to be accepted by others
B) The individual’s ability to form meaningful relationships and contribute to society
C) The pursuit of personal pleasure
D) The desire to satisfy the id’s impulses

 

In existential therapy, which of the following is a key therapeutic technique?

A) Confronting clients with their irrational beliefs
B) Exploring the client’s search for meaning and purpose in life
C) Using positive reinforcement to modify behavior
D) Reconstructing early childhood memories

 

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the process of “cognitive restructuring” involves:

A) Teaching clients relaxation techniques
B) Helping clients challenge and change negative thinking patterns
C) Analyzing repressed childhood memories
D) Encouraging clients to confront their deepest fears

 

According to Carl Rogers, the key to a successful therapeutic relationship is:

A) The therapist’s ability to interpret dreams
B) The therapist’s use of active confrontation techniques
C) The therapist’s ability to provide unconditional positive regard
D) The therapist’s expertise in behavior modification

 

In psychoanalytic theory, the “ego” primarily functions to:

A) Act on unconscious desires and impulses
B) Mediate between the id, the superego, and reality
C) Represent moral standards and ideals
D) Seek pleasure and avoid pain

 

In reality therapy, “choice theory” emphasizes that:

A) Unconscious drives influence all behaviors
B) We choose our behaviors to meet our needs
C) Behavior is solely influenced by childhood trauma
D) Behavior can be modified only through external rewards

 

In Adlerian therapy, “inferiority feelings” are viewed as:

A) A sign of weakness
B) A normal experience that motivates individuals to strive for improvement
C) The result of repressed memories
D) Unconscious desires that need to be suppressed

 

In existential therapy, “death anxiety” is best described as:

A) Fear of physical death that leads to denial
B) A fear of the unknown that drives existential meaning
C) The fear of losing one’s job or status
D) The emotional response to an unresolved past trauma

 

According to Freud, “dream analysis” is used to:

A) Explore the client’s unconscious mind
B) Teach relaxation techniques
C) Change distorted thought patterns
D) Reinforce appropriate behaviors

 

In person-centered therapy, “empathetic understanding” involves:

A) Giving direct advice to the client
B) Encouraging the client to focus on the past
C) Understanding the client’s feelings and experiences from their perspective
D) Challenging the client’s cognitive distortions

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), “behavioral activation” is a technique used to:

A) Explore unconscious desires
B) Help clients increase engagement in positive, rewarding activities
C) Change the client’s automatic thoughts
D) Reinforce maladaptive behaviors through punishment

 

In Adlerian therapy, the term “lifestyle” refers to:

A) A person’s unconscious drives
B) The consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors developed from early childhood
C) The therapist’s interpretation of the client’s past
D) The goals that a person wants to achieve in therapy

 

In existential therapy, “existential guilt” refers to:

A) Guilt about not fulfilling one’s potential or purpose in life
B) The emotional response to childhood trauma
C) A feeling of guilt for engaging in negative behaviors
D) Guilt related to breaking societal rules

 

According to Albert Ellis in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “irrational beliefs” are:

A) Unconscious fears that need to be explored
B) Thoughts that hinder emotional well-being and rational decision-making
C) Emotions that should be expressed without restriction
D) Consciously held beliefs that are true but unpleasant

 

In behavioral therapy, “systematic desensitization” is a technique used to:

A) Help clients explore unconscious desires
B) Reduce anxiety by gradually exposing the client to anxiety-provoking stimuli while practicing relaxation
C) Reinforce appropriate behaviors through rewards
D) Analyze and interpret dreams

 

In Adlerian therapy, “spirituality” is considered:

A) A source of weakness
B) An unimportant factor in therapy
C) A means for achieving personal goals
D) An important aspect of the individual’s sense of belonging and social interest

 

According to Freud, the “id” operates based on the principle of:

A) Reality
B) Morality
C) Pleasure
D) Judgment

 

In person-centered therapy, “congruence” refers to:

A) The client’s ability to repress negative emotions
B) The therapist’s authenticity and transparency with the client
C) The alignment of a client’s beliefs with societal norms
D) The therapist’s use of directive techniques

 

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), “cognitive distortions” are:

A) Thoughts that enhance emotional well-being
B) Irrational or biased ways of thinking that contribute to negative emotions
C) Feelings that have no impact on behavior
D) Repressed memories that emerge in therapy

 

In Adlerian therapy, “birth order” is thought to influence:

A) A person’s unconscious desires
B) A person’s level of cognitive ability
C) A person’s personality and behavior
D) A person’s external environment

 

In existential therapy, “freedom” refers to:

A) The ability to deny personal responsibility for actions
B) The absence of anxiety or emotional pain
C) The opportunity to make choices and accept the consequences of those choices
D) The act of conforming to societal expectations

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the ABCDE model stands for:

A) A – Activating event, B – Belief, C – Consequence, D – Disputation, E – Empowerment
B) A – Activation, B – Behavior, C – Cognition, D – Disputation, E – Emotion
C) A – Adjustment, B – Behavior, C – Choice, D – Distortion, E – Enhancement
D) A – Anxiety, B – Beliefs, C – Change, D – Diminishment, E – Empathy

 

In psychoanalytic therapy, “transference” refers to:

A) The client’s projection of past emotions onto the therapist
B) The conscious efforts to confront maladaptive behavior
C) The process of uncovering unconscious memories
D) The client’s resistance to therapy

 

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), “thought-stopping” is a technique used to:

A) Encourage the client to express negative emotions freely
B) Help clients interrupt and redirect intrusive, negative thoughts
C) Analyze and understand childhood trauma
D) Focus on positive reinforcement

 

In existential therapy, “meaninglessness” is considered to:

A) Be the root of all psychological disorders
B) Be a natural aspect of the human condition that can be overcome through self-awareness
C) Be irrelevant to the therapeutic process
D) Be an illusion created by societal pressures

 

In Adlerian therapy, “superiority complex” refers to:

A) A defensive reaction to feelings of inferiority
B) The tendency to suppress feelings of inadequacy
C) The development of low self-esteem
D) The desire to dominate others

 

In behavior therapy, “reinforcement” refers to:

A) Punishing unwanted behaviors
B) Encouraging behaviors that are desirable by rewarding them
C) Teaching the client to confront irrational thoughts
D) Making the unconscious conscious

 

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), “mindfulness” is used to:

A) Teach the client to stay focused on the present moment without judgment
B) Facilitate the analysis of unconscious conflicts
C) Provide emotional support for behavioral change
D) Challenge irrational beliefs

 

In reality therapy, “responsibility” is emphasized as:

A) An external force that controls the individual’s actions
B) The individual’s ability to choose behaviors that meet their basic needs
C) A consequence of unconscious impulses
D) The primary way to change maladaptive behaviors

 

In Adlerian therapy, “spirituality” is seen as:

A) A form of coping with inner conflict
B) A fundamental part of developing social interest and belonging
C) A separate dimension not relevant to therapy
D) A barrier to personal growth

 

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), which of the following is an example of an irrational belief?

A) “I must be loved and approved by everyone.”
B) “I should always try to do my best.”
C) “It’s okay to make mistakes occasionally.”
D) “I will try to improve my skills over time.”

 

In Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy, “unconditional positive regard” means:

A) The therapist offers love and affection to the client, regardless of their actions.
B) The therapist provides approval and judgment to shape the client’s behavior.
C) The therapist accepts the client without conditions or judgment.
D) The therapist challenges the client’s actions and beliefs directly.

 

According to Adler, the “lifestyle” concept refers to:

A) A person’s personal interests and hobbies
B) The individual’s unique way of seeking superiority and social interest
C) The client’s tendency to avoid challenges
D) The unconscious patterns of behavior inherited from parents

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), what is a “cognitive distortion”?

A) A way of understanding the world that is realistic and rational
B) A pattern of thought that leads to negative emotions and behavior
C) A conscious choice made to alter behavior
D) A therapeutic technique to teach clients about their past

 

In psychoanalysis, “countertransference” refers to:

A) The therapist’s emotional responses to the client’s transference
B) The unconscious processes that occur when the therapist shares their personal experiences
C) The therapeutic relationship that allows the client to project feelings onto the therapist
D) The client’s feelings of frustration towards the therapist

 

Which of the following is a primary goal in existential therapy?

A) To help clients discover their authentic self and meaning in life
B) To reprogram cognitive distortions through behavior modification
C) To analyze the unconscious drives behind current behaviors
D) To reinforce positive behaviors with rewards and punishments

 

In Reality Therapy, “WDEP” stands for:

A) Worry, Denial, Emotion, and Perception
B) Wants, Doing, Evaluation, and Planning
C) What, Denial, Ego, and Projections
D) Willingness, Disruption, Evaluation, and Personalizing

 

According to Adler, individuals with a “superiority complex” are likely:

A) To exhibit self-confidence and humility
B) To feel deeply insecure, masking their inferiority feelings with arrogance
C) To display high levels of empathy for others
D) To easily accept and improve their limitations

 

In Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy, “congruence” refers to:

A) The client’s self-image being aligned with their ideal self
B) The therapist’s authenticity and transparency in the therapeutic relationship
C) The need for clients to align with societal expectations
D) The process of integrating new behaviors into a person’s lifestyle

 

In Adlerian therapy, “community feeling” refers to:

A) The sense of guilt individuals feel when they fail to conform
B) The desire to connect and contribute to the well-being of society
C) The tendency to suppress social interactions
D) The withdrawal from society due to feelings of inadequacy

 

In Psychoanalytic theory, the “superego” represents:

A) The biological drives and impulses
B) The moral and ethical standards learned from society and parents
C) The need for social acceptance
D) The primal desires for survival and pleasure

 

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, “thought records” are used to:

A) Track the client’s emotional responses to various situations
B) Identify and challenge cognitive distortions
C) Document the unconscious urges driving behavior
D) Reinforce positive behavior through writing

 

In behavioral therapy, “classical conditioning” was first developed by:

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Ivan Pavlov

 

In Adlerian therapy, “parental influence” on a child is believed to:

A) Be irrelevant to the child’s future development
B) Contribute significantly to the child’s sense of self and social interest
C) Only affect the child’s academic success
D) Determine the child’s unconscious desires

 

The primary goal of existential therapy is:

A) To understand past childhood trauma
B) To help the client achieve a sense of meaning and responsibility in life
C) To develop coping strategies for anxiety
D) To teach the client how to modify maladaptive behaviors

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “ABC” stands for:

A) Always Be Conscious
B) Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
C) Activating event, Belief, Consequence
D) Attitude, Behavior, Change

 

In behavioral therapy, “positive reinforcement” is used to:

A) Punish undesirable behavior
B) Increase the likelihood of a desired behavior by offering a reward
C) Reinforce maladaptive behaviors
D) Focus on exploring unconscious drives

 

According to Freud, the “id” operates based on the pleasure principle, meaning it:

A) Works to mediate between the internal and external worlds
B) Seeks immediate satisfaction of basic needs and desires
C) Represents moral standards and societal norms
D) Develops from childhood experiences and attachments

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, “empathy” refers to:

A) The therapist’s judgment of the client’s behavior
B) The therapist’s ability to understand and share the client’s feelings
C) The therapist’s objective analysis of the client’s cognitive distortions
D) The therapist’s use of behavioral techniques to modify actions

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive reframing” helps clients to:

A) Explore unconscious conflicts from childhood
B) Change negative thought patterns into more positive, rational ones
C) Express repressed emotions freely
D) Focus on past traumatic events

 

Reality Therapy focuses on the concept that:

A) Behavior is controlled by unconscious impulses
B) Clients have the power to choose their behaviors and meet their basic needs
C) People are passive recipients of environmental influences
D) Individuals cannot change their patterns of behavior

 

In Existential Therapy, “authenticity” refers to:

A) The ability to confront difficult situations without emotional response
B) Living in a way that is true to oneself and one’s values
C) The denial of anxiety in the face of existential concerns
D) An attempt to change past trauma into growth

 

According to Adler, “inferiority feelings” are:

A) Always a sign of weakness
B) Universal and motivate individuals to strive for competence and mastery
C) The result of excessive encouragement
D) Unconscious and therefore irrelevant to therapy

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “automatic thoughts” are:

A) Thought patterns that are intentional and conscious
B) The result of deep-seated unconscious conflicts
C) Spontaneous and often negative thoughts that influence emotions and behaviors
D) External thoughts influenced by societal norms

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, “genuineness” refers to:

A) The therapist’s ability to remain objective
B) The therapist’s authenticity and honesty in the therapeutic relationship
C) The therapist’s professional distance from the client
D) The therapist’s use of directive techniques

 

In psychoanalysis, “defense mechanisms” are:

A) Strategies that increase emotional vulnerability
B) Unconscious processes that protect individuals from anxiety
C) Techniques used to interpret unconscious urges
D) Conscious efforts to adjust behavior

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), which of the following would be considered a “disputing belief”?

A) “I must be perfect to be loved”
B) “It’s okay to make mistakes as part of learning”
C) “Everyone should agree with me at all times”
D) “If I make a mistake, it’s a catastrophe”

 

In behavior therapy, “shaping” is a technique used to:

A) Punish maladaptive behaviors
B) Gradually reinforce behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior
C) Analyze repressed memories
D) Explore deep unconscious desires

 

In Existential Therapy, “freedom” and “responsibility” are emphasized as:

A) Completely separate aspects of human existence
B) Intertwined concepts that involve making authentic choices and accepting the consequences
C) Destructive aspects of human life
D) Concepts only relevant to those who have lived without anxiety

 

In Adlerian therapy, “the family constellation” refers to:

A) The therapist’s role within the family structure
B) The order and roles of family members and how they influence personality development
C) The unconscious family dynamics that influence behavior
D) The environment outside of the family system

 

 

In Adlerian therapy, the primary purpose of “early recollections” is to:

A) Uncover repressed memories from childhood
B) Explore the client’s unconscious desires
C) Reveal the client’s perceptions and worldview based on past experiences
D) Teach clients about specific traumas

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “thought challenging” is used to:

A) Help clients explore deep unconscious conflicts
B) Examine and modify unrealistic or irrational thoughts
C) Encourage clients to avoid certain situations
D) Repress negative emotions

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, “self-actualization” is the process of:

A) Rejecting societal norms and values
B) Achieving one’s full potential and becoming the best version of oneself
C) Focusing only on external success and achievements
D) Disregarding personal feelings for the sake of others

 

According to Freud, the “ego” functions primarily to:

A) Satisfy basic impulses according to the pleasure principle
B) Make moral decisions based on societal norms
C) Mediate between the id’s desires and the constraints of reality
D) Serve as the conscious awareness of a person’s thoughts and feelings

 

The primary goal of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is to:

A) Help clients interpret their dreams
B) Eliminate irrational beliefs and replace them with rational thoughts
C) Strengthen defense mechanisms to avoid anxiety
D) Help clients become more reliant on external validation

 

In Reality Therapy, “quality world” refers to:

A) The internal world shaped by past trauma
B) The ideal world that a person envisions as perfect and fulfilling
C) The external environment that provides constant reinforcement
D) The client’s unconscious drives

 

In Adlerian therapy, “superiority striving” is:

A) The individual’s attempt to achieve perfection and superiority over others
B) The innate feeling of inferiority that motivates personal growth
C) The client’s need to repress feelings of inadequacy
D) The unconscious drive to seek approval from authority figures

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the “cognitive triad” refers to:

A) The relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
B) The three main phases of CBT: identification, modification, and action
C) The unconscious forces that influence emotional responses
D) The triage of most common mental health disorders

 

In Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, “dream analysis” is used to:

A) Examine childhood trauma through the client’s thoughts
B) Reveal the unconscious desires and wishes through symbols in dreams
C) Help the client form conscious goals for their future
D) Reinforce positive behavior through pleasant dreams

 

In Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy, “active listening” refers to:

A) The therapist’s response to the content of the client’s speech
B) The therapist’s ability to observe non-verbal communication only
C) The therapist’s practice of using silence and waiting for the client to speak
D) The therapist’s effort to gather specific data to diagnose a client’s problem

 

In Adlerian Therapy, “inferiority complex” refers to:

A) A psychological defense mechanism for dealing with failure
B) A feeling of personal inadequacy and low self-worth
C) The belief that one is superior to others
D) The lack of social interest in the community

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “behavioral activation” involves:

A) Exploring past traumatic events that led to present behaviors
B) Encouraging clients to engage in positive activities to improve mood
C) Using cognitive reframing to change negative thoughts
D) Challenging the client’s perception of external stressors

 

The central theme in Existential Therapy is:

A) The importance of unconscious drives
B) The quest for meaning, personal responsibility, and confronting existential concerns
C) The power of reinforcement in changing behavior
D) The therapist’s role in controlling the client’s emotions

 

According to Adler, which of the following contributes most to a person’s sense of inferiority?

A) Being overly praised by parents
B) A lack of early encouragement or excessive criticism
C) Unconscious memories of trauma
D) A child’s overactive imagination

 

The goal of “systematic desensitization” in behavioral therapy is to:

A) Eliminate irrational fears by gradually exposing the client to the feared object or situation
B) Help clients accept and express their repressed emotions
C) Replace negative beliefs with positive affirmations
D) Analyze past trauma to uncover the root cause of anxiety

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist’s role is primarily:

A) To provide advice and direct the client’s actions
B) To offer interpretations of the client’s unconscious mind
C) To create an accepting, nonjudgmental environment that facilitates self-exploration
D) To analyze and challenge the client’s thoughts directly

 

According to Freud, “repression” is:

A) The conscious decision to avoid a troubling issue
B) The defense mechanism that forces painful thoughts into the unconscious
C) A method of managing irrational fears
D) The ability to confront and solve difficult problems consciously

 

The primary therapeutic technique in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is:

A) Cognitive restructuring to change irrational beliefs
B) Free association to uncover unconscious thoughts
C) Exploration of childhood trauma
D) Focus on the present moment through mindfulness

 

According to Adler, the term “social interest” refers to:

A) The degree to which a person isolates themselves from society
B) The feeling of being connected to others and contributing to the welfare of society
C) The tendency to dominate or control others
D) The desire to seek validation from others

 

The “phenomenological approach” in Existential Therapy emphasizes:

A) The external events that shape the client’s personality
B) The importance of understanding a person’s subjective experience and perspective
C) A scientific, empirical approach to solving mental health issues
D) The therapist’s role in diagnosing psychological disorders

 

In Reality Therapy, “total behavior” consists of:

A) Thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and physiology that are interconnected
B) Only the observable behaviors of the client
C) The irrational beliefs the client holds
D) The unconscious memories that influence current actions

 

Which of the following is a primary focus in Adlerian Therapy?

A) Gaining insight into the unconscious mind
B) Developing a sense of social connection and contributing to society
C) Analyzing past family trauma
D) Reaching a state of emotional detachment

 

“Cognitive restructuring” in CBT involves:

A) Learning to replace distorted thoughts with healthier, more accurate ones
B) Gaining insight into repressed memories
C) Focusing on unconscious thoughts and desires
D) Altering the client’s physical state through relaxation techniques

 

According to Freud, the “Oedipus complex” occurs during:

A) The latency stage of development
B) The phallic stage of development
C) The genital stage of development
D) The oral stage of development

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “disputation” is the process of:

A) Encouraging clients to avoid their irrational beliefs
B) Challenging and questioning the irrational beliefs that lead to negative emotions
C) Accepting all beliefs as valid
D) Analyzing the origins of irrational beliefs in childhood

 

According to Adler, “creative self” refers to:

A) A person’s innate ability to create external art
B) The capacity to shape one’s own life and approach to challenges
C) The process of achieving success through conformity to societal expectations
D) The unconscious forces that dictate behavior

 

The central focus of Behavioral Therapy is to:

A) Uncover the root causes of emotional trauma
B) Analyze the effects of early childhood experiences on the present
C) Modify maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement techniques
D) Explore the deeper unconscious drives

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “automatic thoughts” are:

A) Thoughts that are always conscious and rational
B) The immediate, reflexive thoughts that influence our feelings and actions
C) Deeply repressed memories from childhood
D) Thoughts that occur only during stressful situations

 

Existential Therapy emphasizes:

A) The biological instincts that drive human behavior
B) The importance of living authentically and making meaningful choices
C) The elimination of negative behaviors through reinforcement
D) Analyzing unconscious desires

 

In Reality Therapy, the concept of “control” is central because:

A) Clients are taught to control their behaviors in order to avoid anxiety
B) Individuals are believed to be in complete control of their thoughts and emotions
C) Clients are encouraged to focus on what they can control in their lives to meet their needs
D) Control is seen as a goal to be achieved through therapy

 

 

According to Carl Rogers, “congruence” refers to:

A) The alignment between a therapist’s words and actions
B) The match between a person’s ideal self and their real self
C) The therapist’s ability to empathize with the client’s experience
D) The effectiveness of the therapist’s interventions

 

In Freud’s model of personality, the “id” is primarily concerned with:

A) Long-term goals and societal norms
B) The drive for pleasure and immediate gratification
C) Ethical behavior and moral development
D) Rational thought and decision-making

 

Which of the following is a key feature of Adlerian Therapy?

A) The importance of unconscious material in shaping current behavior
B) Fostering social interest and community feeling
C) Focusing on dreams to uncover repressed desires
D) Developing defense mechanisms to manage anxiety

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive distortions” are:

A) Unconscious drives influencing behavior
B) Negative thought patterns that can cause distress
C) Healthy coping mechanisms for stress
D) A client’s inability to recall memories

 

In Existential Therapy, the concept of “existential anxiety” refers to:

A) The fear of an uncertain future or death
B) The emotional response to external threats
C) Anxiety related to unresolved childhood trauma
D) Anxiety caused by the inability to form close relationships

 

In Adlerian therapy, “birth order” is considered important because:

A) It determines the person’s social interest
B) It shapes the way a person develops coping strategies
C) It influences the personality traits and behaviors a person adopts
D) It dictates the overall structure of the family system

 

According to Frankl’s existential therapy, “logotherapy” is based on:

A) Helping clients find meaning in their suffering
B) Replacing irrational thoughts with rational beliefs
C) Uncovering the roots of childhood trauma
D) Analyzing the client’s dream content for unconscious material

 

Reality Therapy emphasizes the importance of:

A) Understanding the unconscious sources of emotional pain
B) Exploring past traumas to understand current behavior
C) Taking responsibility for one’s actions and choices
D) The therapist’s role in interpreting the client’s inner conflicts

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the “ABC model” stands for:

A) Activating event, Beliefs, and Consequences
B) Assessment, Behavior, and Coping
C) Actions, Behavior, and Cognition
D) Awareness, Belief, and Change

 

In Psychoanalytic Therapy, “free association” is used to:

A) Allow the therapist to assess the client’s emotional state
B) Encourage clients to speak freely about any thoughts or feelings without censorship
C) Create structured goals for the therapy process
D) Teach clients how to use relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety

 

Which of the following is central to Person-Centered Therapy?

A) The client’s ability to recognize their unconscious drives
B) The therapist’s active role in guiding the client’s decision-making
C) The provision of unconditional positive regard by the therapist
D) A focus on developing problem-solving skills for immediate change

 

In Behavior Therapy, “operant conditioning” involves:

A) Changing behavior by using punishment and reinforcement
B) Analyzing dreams to uncover repressed desires
C) Teaching relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety
D) Helping clients explore the unconscious causes of their fears

 

The “pleasure principle” is associated with which component of Freud’s personality theory?

A) The ego
B) The superego
C) The id
D) The self

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “self-monitoring” refers to:

A) The process of the therapist observing the client’s behavior
B) The client tracking their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to gain insight
C) The client avoiding negative emotions by using distractions
D) The therapist providing the client with feedback on their progress

 

The “here-and-now” focus of Gestalt therapy encourages:

A) Exploring unresolved childhood issues to understand current difficulties
B) Analyzing the unconscious sources of behaviors
C) Focusing on the present moment and immediate experience in therapy
D) Reviewing past dreams for symbolic meaning

 

According to Adler, “social interest” is:

A) A symptom of neurosis
B) A desire to dominate others
C) A sense of belonging and contributing to the welfare of others
D) An unconscious desire to avoid conflict

 

In Existential Therapy, “authenticity” refers to:

A) A client’s ability to reject societal norms
B) The client’s ability to acknowledge and live in accordance with their true self
C) The ability to suppress uncomfortable feelings to avoid anxiety
D) The therapist’s role in interpreting the client’s unconscious material

 

The “focus of control” in Reality Therapy refers to:

A) External events that shape a person’s choices
B) The degree to which a person feels they have control over their life
C) The unconscious drives that influence behavior
D) The therapist’s ability to guide the client toward change

 

According to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, “cognitive restructuring” involves:

A) Replacing irrational beliefs with more rational and helpful thoughts
B) Exploring the unconscious mind for repressed material
C) Understanding childhood trauma through dream interpretation
D) Teaching relaxation techniques to alleviate anxiety

 

In Adlerian Therapy, the concept of “lifestyle” refers to:

A) A person’s pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors developed from early life experiences
B) A person’s personal goals for achieving success in life
C) A series of unconscious behaviors that influence emotions
D) The way a person suppresses emotional pain

 

In Behavior Therapy, “classical conditioning” is associated with:

A) The use of reinforcement to change behavior
B) Learning new behaviors by pairing neutral stimuli with emotional responses
C) Uncovering the unconscious sources of anxiety
D) Analyzing cognitive distortions to modify irrational beliefs

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, the term “unconditional positive regard” refers to:

A) The therapist’s judgmental attitude toward the client’s actions
B) A therapist’s complete acceptance and nonjudgmental support of the client
C) The client’s tendency to only focus on positive aspects of life
D) The ability of the therapist to challenge and confront the client’s actions

 

According to Freud, which part of the mind operates according to the “reality principle”?

A) The id
B) The ego
C) The superego
D) The unconscious

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “irrational beliefs” are:

A) Beliefs that are founded on realistic perceptions
B) Distorted beliefs that lead to negative emotions and behaviors
C) Unconscious urges that need to be repressed
D) Rational thoughts that lead to problem-solving

 

According to Adler, “lifestyle” is developed in the context of:

A) Repressed childhood trauma
B) The individual’s interactions with society and family
C) The client’s unconscious desires
D) Analyzing dreams and symbols

 

The “ideal self” in Person-Centered Therapy refers to:

A) The version of oneself that aligns with societal expectations
B) The person’s real self as experienced in the present moment
C) The person’s image of who they would like to become, based on their values and desires
D) The unconscious desires that influence thoughts and behavior

 

In Behavior Therapy, the term “extinction” refers to:

A) The gradual disappearance of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced
B) The process of increasing a behavior by providing positive reinforcement
C) The ability to change behavior through cognitive restructuring
D) The automatic response to a learned stimulus

 

In Reality Therapy, the “WDEP system” stands for:

A) Wants, Doing, Evaluation, Planning
B) Work, Desire, Emotional Control, Personal Strength
C) Worthiness, Determination, Emotional Release, Planning
D) Wisdom, Decision-making, Exploration, Power

 

 

In Gestalt therapy, “empty chair” technique is used to:

A) Help clients explore their unconscious thoughts
B) Encourage clients to express emotions they have been avoiding
C) Teach clients new coping strategies for handling stress
D) Analyze dreams to uncover hidden desires

 

In Psychoanalysis, the concept of “transference” refers to:

A) The client’s unconscious feelings toward the therapist that reflect feelings toward others in their life
B) The process of interpreting the client’s dreams to reveal unconscious material
C) The client’s ability to transfer their goals onto the therapist
D) The therapist’s process of transferring their own emotional reactions onto the client

 

In Adlerian therapy, the term “inferiority complex” refers to:

A) A sense of superiority over others
B) An overwhelming feeling of inadequacy and the desire to compensate for it
C) The inability to form relationships with others
D) The struggle to accept one’s true self

 

According to Carl Rogers, the therapeutic relationship is crucial because:

A) It provides the therapist with insights into the client’s unconscious mind
B) It creates an environment where clients feel understood and accepted, facilitating change
C) It allows the therapist to apply specific techniques to alter the client’s behavior
D) It allows clients to access repressed memories that shape their behavior

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the concept of “automatic thoughts” refers to:

A) Unconscious memories that influence current behavior
B) Immediate, habitual, and often negative thoughts that occur in response to situations
C) Rational thoughts that lead to positive behavioral changes
D) Reflective thoughts that clients engage in during therapy

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the “D” in the ABCD model stands for:

A) Diagnosis
B) Disputation of irrational beliefs
C) Determination of goals
D) Development of coping strategies

 

According to Viktor Frankl, the primary motivation for humans is:

A) The pursuit of pleasure
B) The search for meaning in life
C) The drive for power and control
D) The need to resolve childhood conflicts

 

The “ideal self” in Person-Centered Therapy is:

A) The version of oneself that one is pressured to adopt due to societal expectations
B) The person’s perceived self-image based on other people’s views
C) The person’s true self as accepted and valued by the therapist
D) The person’s vision of who they would like to become, free from societal expectations

 

According to Adler, “social interest” is a concept that refers to:

A) A person’s drive for personal success and achievement
B) The individual’s sense of belonging and contributing to the welfare of others
C) A desire to overcome feelings of inferiority
D) A person’s inability to engage in social interactions

 

In Gestalt therapy, the concept of “unfinished business” refers to:

A) The unresolved emotional issues from past experiences that affect present behavior
B) The goals that clients set at the beginning of therapy
C) The techniques used by therapists to help clients confront their fears
D) The importance of understanding future outcomes in therapy

 

According to Adler, early recollections are used in therapy to:

A) Explore unresolved conflicts from childhood
B) Understand a person’s goals and motivations
C) Analyze dreams and uncover unconscious material
D) Help clients develop new coping mechanisms

 

In Reality Therapy, “total behavior” includes:

A) Thoughts, feelings, actions, and physiological responses
B) The relationship between the therapist and the client
C) Conscious and unconscious drives that affect behavior
D) The impact of past trauma on current functioning

 

According to Freud, the “superego” is primarily concerned with:

A) Immediate gratification and basic instincts
B) Mediating between the id and ego
C) Moral standards and societal expectations
D) Logical decision-making and rational thought

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive restructuring” aims to:

A) Identify irrational thoughts and replace them with more realistic and helpful beliefs
B) Analyze a client’s unconscious desires and their impact on current behavior
C) Help clients understand the origins of their negative behavior patterns
D) Teach clients relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety

 

The goal of Adlerian therapy is to:

A) Explore the unconscious and repressed desires
B) Help clients develop a sense of belonging and community feeling
C) Identify and correct irrational beliefs
D) Teach clients to use coping skills to manage anxiety

 

In Behavior Therapy, “systematic desensitization” is used to:

A) Increase the client’s awareness of their emotional triggers
B) Help clients face and overcome phobias through gradual exposure and relaxation techniques
C) Teach clients how to interpret their dreams
D) Modify irrational thought patterns that contribute to anxiety

 

In Gestalt therapy, “contact boundary” refers to:

A) The therapeutic boundary between the therapist and client
B) The way individuals interact with the environment and others
C) The division between conscious and unconscious material
D) The emotional distance maintained between the client and their past

 

The “client-centered” approach, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes:

A) The therapist’s authority and guidance in shaping behavior
B) The client’s self-directed exploration in a supportive and nonjudgmental environment
C) The analysis of unconscious drives and past experiences
D) The use of reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the ultimate goal is to:

A) Teach clients how to avoid all emotional distress
B) Help clients accept themselves and others as they are
C) Replace irrational beliefs with rational thoughts and healthier behaviors
D) Discover repressed childhood memories

 

According to Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy, the “will to meaning” is:

A) The desire for pleasure and comfort
B) The drive to find a sense of purpose and meaning in life
C) The pursuit of material wealth and success
D) The need for social approval and acceptance

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, “congruence” refers to:

A) The therapist’s ability to remain emotionally detached
B) The therapist’s transparency and authenticity in their relationship with the client
C) The client’s alignment of their ideal self with their real self
D) The client’s emotional reaction to the therapist’s interventions

 

In Behavior Therapy, the process of “shaping” involves:

A) Teaching clients relaxation techniques
B) Gradually reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior
C) Analyzing the unconscious mind for repressed desires
D) Exploring the client’s past to understand current behavior

 

 

In Reality Therapy, “WDEP” stands for:

A) Want, Do, Evaluate, Plan
B) Will, Desire, Evaluate, Process
C) Work, Do, Express, Plan
D) Worry, Desire, Evaluate, Perform

 

In Adlerian therapy, the goal of “encouragement” is to:

A) Reinforce the therapist’s authority in the process
B) Help clients believe in their ability to overcome obstacles
C) Convince clients to focus on their past experiences
D) Teach clients to reject negative thoughts

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “thought records” are used to:

A) Record irrational thoughts and test their validity
B) Teach clients relaxation techniques to manage stress
C) Document traumatic events from the past
D) Develop new behavior patterns through reinforcement

 

In the context of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), which of the following is considered an “irrational belief”?

A) “I must always be liked by everyone.”
B) “I should try my best and accept my imperfections.”
C) “I am capable of learning from my mistakes.”
D) “It is okay to make mistakes and try again.”

 

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is NOT a core condition for effective therapy?

A) Unconditional positive regard
B) Empathy
C) Free association
D) Congruence

 

In Psychoanalytic theory, the “id” is primarily driven by:

A) Moral values and societal rules
B) Reality and logic
C) Primitive desires and impulses
D) Conscious awareness and decision-making

 

In Gestalt therapy, “topdog-underdog” refers to:

A) The client’s unconscious struggle between their ideal self and their real self
B) The relationship between the therapist and client in terms of power dynamics
C) The tension between the parts of a person that seek control and the parts that avoid responsibility
D) The use of specific techniques to resolve childhood conflicts

 

The central aim of existential therapy is to:

A) Explore the unconscious conflicts affecting present behavior
B) Help clients confront their fears and anxieties about life and death
C) Change irrational thought patterns to improve behavior
D) Teach clients behavioral techniques to cope with stress

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “behavioral activation” focuses on:

A) Encouraging clients to change negative thinking patterns
B) Helping clients engage in rewarding activities to combat depression
C) Teaching relaxation techniques to reduce stress
D) Analyzing unconscious behaviors

 

According to Adler, the “life style” of an individual is:

A) A set of inherited behaviors that shape personality
B) A reflection of the early decisions and experiences that influence behavior
C) The outcome of unconscious drives and past conflicts
D) A person’s pattern of coping with anxiety and stress

 

According to Viktor Frankl, the primary challenge that individuals face is:

A) The struggle for survival
B) The search for happiness
C) The quest for meaning in life
D) The need for acceptance from others

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist’s role is to:

A) Provide direct solutions to the client’s problems
B) Interpret the client’s unconscious material
C) Act as a non-directive facilitator, offering empathy and acceptance
D) Use behavioral techniques to modify the client’s actions

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the “A-B-C” model stands for:

A) Activating event, Beliefs, and Consequences
B) Analysis, Behavior, and Change
C) Action, Belief, and Conflict
D) Attitude, Belief, and Cognition

 

According to Adlerian therapy, the “fictional finalism” refers to:

A) The unresolved conflicts from early childhood
B) The imagined future goal that guides a person’s behavior
C) The unconscious drives that motivate a person’s actions
D) The social expectations that shape a person’s identity

 

In Gestalt therapy, “dream work” is used to:

A) Help clients reframe their dreams to make them more positive
B) Analyze the symbolism in dreams to gain insight into unconscious material
C) Guide clients in processing traumatic events from their past
D) Teach relaxation techniques to reduce nightmares

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the process of “cognitive distortions” involves:

A) Teaching clients new coping strategies for stress
B) Identifying and challenging negative and irrational thought patterns
C) Analyzing the client’s family history to understand behavior
D) Encouraging clients to avoid negative thoughts at all costs

 

The existential concept of “authenticity” refers to:

A) Living a life based on societal expectations and values
B) Being true to one’s own values, choices, and existence, even in the face of uncertainty
C) The ability to conform to social norms and expectations
D) The capacity to avoid facing difficult truths about oneself

 

According to Adlerian therapy, the concept of “lifestyle” is defined as:

A) The conscious effort to achieve personal goals
B) A person’s learned way of coping with life challenges
C) A reflection of unconscious desires and conflicts
D) The desire for power and control in relationships

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “mindfulness” is used to:

A) Teach clients how to focus on past traumatic events
B) Help clients focus on the present moment without judgment
C) Encourage clients to avoid negative thoughts
D) Analyze the impact of irrational beliefs

 

According to Frankl’s Logotherapy, “existential frustration” occurs when:

A) A person fails to achieve their desired goals
B) A person’s basic needs are not met
C) A person cannot find meaning in their life
D) A person is overwhelmed by anxiety and fear

 

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, the concept of “self-actualization” refers to:

A) The process of becoming the person one is truly meant to be
B) The ability to control one’s environment and relationships
C) The desire to fit into societal norms and expectations
D) The process of eliminating negative thoughts

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the therapist’s role is to:

A) Offer unconditional acceptance regardless of the client’s behavior
B) Help clients challenge and dispute irrational beliefs
C) Interpret unconscious symbols in the client’s dreams
D) Guide clients through their childhood memories

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive restructuring” involves:

A) Focusing on unconscious patterns of thought
B) Replacing irrational thoughts with more realistic and balanced ones
C) Exploring the past to identify negative thought patterns
D) Teaching clients to avoid certain negative emotions

 

According to Adler, which of the following is the best predictor of a person’s behavior?

A) The person’s social interest and sense of belonging
B) The person’s unconscious conflicts
C) The person’s early childhood memories
D) The person’s desire for power and control

 

The therapeutic goal in Existential Therapy is to:

A) Resolve past trauma through repressed memories
B) Assist clients in accepting the inevitability of suffering and death
C) Encourage clients to avoid existential anxiety
D) Help clients understand unconscious motives that influence behavior

 

In Gestalt Therapy, “unfinished business” refers to:

A) Incomplete tasks that prevent a person from focusing on the present
B) Past emotional experiences that remain unresolved and affect current behavior
C) Current relationships that need to be improved
D) Future goals that a person has not yet achieved

 

In Reality Therapy, the main emphasis is on:

A) Exploring unconscious conflicts
B) Identifying and changing self-defeating thoughts
C) Teaching clients how to make more effective choices in the present
D) Analyzing childhood experiences and their effects on adult behavior

 

In Adlerian Therapy, “inferiority feelings” are seen as:

A) A permanent part of one’s personality
B) Motivators for personal growth and striving for success
C) A reflection of deep unconscious conflicts
D) A sign of emotional instability

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “behavioral experiments” are used to:

A) Help clients test the validity of their beliefs through real-life experiences
B) Encourage clients to avoid certain situations that cause anxiety
C) Teach clients how to relax through deep breathing exercises
D) Analyze the root causes of irrational thoughts

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), the therapist might use “disputing” to:

A) Provide emotional support to the client
B) Encourage the client to accept their irrational beliefs
C) Challenge the client’s irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational ones
D) Guide the client through relaxation exercises

 

In Psychoanalytic therapy, the “superego” is responsible for:

A) Instinctual drives and desires
B) The moral conscience and ideal self
C) The reality principle and decision-making
D) Unconscious desires and repressed memories

 

In Gestalt therapy, “dialogue experiments” refer to:

A) Conversations between the therapist and client aimed at resolving unconscious conflicts
B) Role-playing exercises that help the client explore different parts of themselves
C) Discussions with the client about their past relationships
D) Guided fantasies to address unresolved issues

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “cognitive distortions” include:

A) Externalizing blame and not accepting personal responsibility
B) Overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, and black-and-white thinking
C) Focusing on the past and avoiding current issues
D) Ignoring negative thoughts to feel better

 

The Adlerian concept of “social interest” refers to:

A) A person’s ability to navigate societal rules and expectations
B) The feeling of belonging to a community and contributing to society
C) The importance of personal achievements and individual success
D) The unconscious desire to control others

 

In Person-Centered Therapy, the therapist’s use of “congruence” refers to:

A) The therapist’s ability to accurately interpret the client’s experiences
B) The therapist’s willingness to be open and genuine with the client
C) The therapist’s capacity to reframe the client’s negative thoughts
D) The therapist’s ability to remain emotionally detached

 

According to Adler, which of the following is true about early recollections?

A) They represent an idealized version of the past
B) They provide insight into a person’s lifestyle and approach to life
C) They reveal unconscious conflicts from childhood
D) They are often unreliable and inaccurate

 

In Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), “musturbatory thinking” refers to:

A) A tendency to believe that one must always succeed in every situation
B) A belief that others should behave according to one’s expectations
C) A need for constant approval and validation from others
D) A tendency to ignore personal emotions and focus solely on logic

 

In Psychoanalytic therapy, “transference” occurs when:

A) A client transfers their personal issues onto the therapist
B) The therapist interprets the client’s behavior through a neutral lens
C) The client gains insight into their unconscious motivations
D) The therapist provides feedback to help the client manage their symptoms

 

In Existential therapy, “freedom” refers to:

A) The ability to control external circumstances
B) The realization that individuals are responsible for their choices
C) The capacity to avoid suffering through detachment
D) The instinctual desire to seek pleasure

 

In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), “self-monitoring” refers to:

A) The process of identifying and recording thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
B) Using relaxation techniques to manage stress
C) Focusing on past traumatic experiences to understand current behavior
D) Teaching clients how to avoid negative emotions

$14.99 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart